Threshold

This paper provides a novel approach towards face area localization through analyzing the shape characteristics of human body. The face region is extracted by determining the sharp increase in body pixels in the shoulder area from neck region. For ensuring face area skin color information is also analyzed. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed algorithm detects the face area effectively and it’s performance is found to be quite satisfactory.

In the present review we analyse the key features of cells, seen fundamentally as information processing machines. Even though the comparison between cells and machines or cells and computers provides a powerful tool for understanding how information is stored and processed by the cellular machinery, a series of misleading and simplistic assumptions are critically reviewed. Moreover, the seminal studies on understanding and artificially recreating the neuronal structure are analysed, both for exploiting its powerful computational abilities in information processing devices and for providing medical solutions to neurodegenerative diseases, neurological trauma and neuroprosthetics.

This paper describes a new process theory model of how trust in a technology changes over time. It proposes that trust change occurs after people pay attention to an event, make sense of it, and pass a threshold for changing their trust level. We call these the cognitive gears of trust. We extend the model with two variance theory factors-perceived technology risk and loyalty to the technology vendorwhich should also affect how trust changes over time. Using hierarchical linear modeling we analyze data from 1799 respondents who report their trust after seeing eight successive news briefs about the technology. We find the effects on trust change of three cognitive processes-attention, sensemaking, and threshold as well as two factors-tech risk and loyalty.

In extreme excess modeling, one fits a generalized Pareto (GP) distribution to rainfall excesses above a properly selected threshold u. The latter is generally determined using various approaches, such as nonparametric methods that are intended to locate the changing point between extreme and nonextreme regions of the data, graphical methods where one studies the dependence of GP-related metrics on the threshold level u, and Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) metrics that, for a certain level of significance, locate the lowest threshold u that a GP distribution model is applicable. Here we review representative methods for GP threshold detection, discuss fundamental differences in their theoretical bases, and apply them to 1714 overcentennial daily rainfall records from the NOAA-NCDC database. We find that nonparametric methods are generally not reliable, while methods that are based on GP asymptotic properties lead to unrealistically high threshold and shape parameter estimates. The latter is justified by theoretical arguments, and it is especially the case in rainfall applications, where the shape parameter of the GP distribution is low; i.e., on the order of 0.1-0.2. Better performance is demonstrated by graphical methods and GoF metrics that rely on preasymptotic properties of the GP distribution. For daily rainfall, we find that GP threshold estimates range between 2 and 12 mm/d with a mean value of 6.5 mm/d, while the existence of quantization in the empirical records, as well as variations in their size, constitute the two most important factors that may significantly affect the accuracy of the obtained results.

Der folgende Text ist Ergebnis des Nachdenkens über Schwellen als Grenzphäno-mene, die oft entscheidend sind-und über ihren Sinn für das Menschenleben. Bezüglich meiner mehr als zwanzig Jahren langer Tätigkeit als Mutter, Lehrerin, Lektorin und Katechetin frage ich nach einer möglichen Erziehung zur Fähig-keit, hinter einer Schwelle zu leben, eine Schwelle zu überschreiten, einer mög-lichen Erziehung zur Hoffnung, zur Freiheit und Wahrheit. Nur flüchtig wird die ,Schwellenhaftigkeit" von einigen Gesichtspunkten erwähnt-es geht um einen Versuch, die Schwelle in unserer Sprachkultur zu erörtern. Das Thema sollte aus der Perspektive (alt)griechischer, biblischer, christlicher und philosophischer Kul-tur vertieft werden. Der Zweck ist, das Denken und Reflexion des Phänomens zu fördern, das jeden betrifft, und dadurch die Dynamik der Existenz möglichst zu unterstützen. Jeder Mensch wohnte irgendwo, überschritt die Schwellen, pilgerte durch die (natürliche oder kulturelle) Landschaft, in der es (natürliche oder kulturelle) Schwellen, Scheiden, Raine gibt. Die Schwellenhaftigkeit gehört zum menschli-chen Aufhalten in der Welt. Ohne Schwellen im Sinne von Grenzen, Scheiden, Rai-ne wären wir nicht-es gäbe für uns (wie wir jetzt sind) nichts, was ist, denn was es auch gibt, ist für uns begrenzt, hat seine Schwelle. Bereits im alten Griechenland führte dieses Bewusstwerden zur zweierlei ge-gensätzlichen Mündung in der philosophischen Reflexion bei der Suche nach An-fang.

The most research on the power consumption of circuits has been concentrated on the switching power and the power dissipated by the leakage current has been relatively minor area. In today‟s IC design, one of the key challenges is the increase in power dissipation of the circuit which in turn shortens the service time of battery-powered electronics, reduces the longterm reliability of circuits due to temperature-induced accelerated device and interconnects aging processes, and increases the cooling and packaging costs of these circuits. In this paper the main aim is to reduce power dissipation. A new design method for various logical circuits design, which is low power, compared to general Static CMOS logic. In this technique both NMOS transistor and PMOS transistors in various logic circuits is split into two transistors. Leakage current flowing through the NMOS transistor stack reduces due to the increase in the source to substrate voltage in the top NMOS transistor and also due t...

This paper proposes a film aesthetics rooted in ecological processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, and hovering between Eastern and Western paradigms of thought. I call this aesthetics "Horizon Aesthetics" and regard the cinema of Hong Sang-Soo to be an illuminating exemplification of its workings. With an intercultural and transhistorical methodology derived from the Western philosophy of Deleuze and the Eastern thought of Chuang-Tzu, this type of aesthetics will be understood as a liminal or "in-between" space-time embodiment of autonomous forces, assemblages, and affective materiality that stages acts of becoming anew onscreen, particularly through the open form of the wandering and striated narrative structure. Such an aesthetics, I argue, exposes the viewer to an affective experience of unfamiliarity and foreignness, hence to a series of variant "becomings" which create a sense of diasporic consciousness. As a case study on horizon aesthetics, I turn to an exemplary South Korean film In Another Country (Hong Sangsoo, 2012). Through the main character Anne's repetitive wandering in the small seaside village of Mohang, the question of personal identity and geographic destination is suspended, allowing an immanent and affective materiality of her being-in-the-world to emerge from the background and into the foreground of the film. It comes to light that there are three versions of the Anne character, the same yet different, each a unique material potentiality framed by the infinite horizon of the sea. A French fish-out-of-water surrounded by a colorful cast of Korean characters, the default mode of communication becomes a broken English, the limits of which compel the characters to use their bodies to speak, discovering in the process new materialities of embodied time-space. Hong's wandering and liquid narrative gently hovers over a vanishing line that is everywhere yet always relatively changing to (no)one's position in the world. The narrative architecture of the film is articulated, I suggest, through everyday life as a series of focused and peripheral events which unfold and recur constantly on an affective register, in this reading of Deleuze, assembles the changing and nomadic materialities of time and space without reducing their radical singularity.

("Horizon Aesthetics" is my PhD research-creation project. Parts of the theme was presented at SCMS, Toronto (2018), Deleuze Conference in Seoul (2018) and Pusan International Film Festival's Forum (2017). Some sections of this thesis will soon be uploaded.)

In this paper, we propose to develop a system that senses the human activity and indicates the intensity of action performed. Intention is to broadly classify human as inactive, underactive, overactive and hyperactive by simply turning on the LED of the system corresponding to the data received on the controller from ADXL345. The focus is on the fact that energy expenditure is related to the sum of integral of values of each axes of a tri-axial accelerometer. The objective is to know the activity intensity in terms of comparison and not as exact value. This simplifies our approach and also reduces the cumbersome algorithms used in Human activity recognition (HAR) based energy calculating systems. Indication of activeness and inactiveness of an individual is a multidisciplinary field finding application in more ways than one.

Abstract: This paper considers the aesthetic and material concepts of the threshold as they figure in contemporary Australian poetry, and examines how the threshold can be a productive and generative space in Australian poetics. The metaphor of the threshold asa point of entry or beginning, place of transition, place of exit, rite of passage, or liminal space, speaks to the writer’s imagination as a location of potent creative power. It is here, on the threshold, that a writer gestates ideas, follows the call of the initial creative impulse, and brings her words forth to be shaped. During this (w)rite of passage something new is made. For a writer, being on the threshold is at once a place where she can thresh out ideas (receptive), and the site of creative acts (generative).

Yet the threshold is not only a metaphor for the creative process; it is a liminal space where certain kinds of knowledge can be sensed in passing. The word ‘liminal’ literally means “[to occupy] a position at, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold” (OED). In an Australian postcolonial context, the threshold as a productive space in literature or art is particularly resonant because of the kinds of terrains that may be crossed and
spoken across the threshold—the productive capacity of the middle ground.

This paper will discuss the poems of Inside My Mother (2015) by
Yankunytjatjara/Kokatha South Australian poet Ali Cobby Eckermann that inhabit the threshold as both an unsettled and productive space in contemporary Australian postcolonial poetics. Writing on the threshold, Cobby Eckermann is engaged in reimagining such poetics.

Keywords: Ali Cobby Eckermann; poetics; threshold.

Bioecology of common cutworms (S. litura) was
diligently documented at the crop protection section of the Don
Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-Sericulture Research
and Development Institute, primarily aimed to generate
substantial data for the formulation of control measures.
Specifically, focused on the developmental stages, behavior and
factors associated to their resurgence and geographical
distribution

Abstract: Hand gestures recognition provides a natural way to interact and communicate with machines of different kinds. The process is known and referred to as static hand gesture recognition in which images of a hand gesture are stored in the database and analyzed in order to determine the meaning of the hand gesture. The implementation has been done using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Principal Component Analysis(PCA) which present an interface used to recognize  hand gestures from the American Sign Language.
Keywords:  Distance ratio, Threshold, convolution, Gaussian Filters, Eigen Vector.
Title: Analysis and Implementation of Hand Gesture Recognition System
Author:  Mrs. Poonam Verma, Utkarsh Mor, Puneet Singh, Arpan Khandelwal
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research
ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online)
Research Publish Journals

Researchers have proposed several thresholds to predict the transition from unstable to stable states in incised channels. One of the most frequently applied is the 35Wm -2 threshold of specific stream power. However this threshold has not formally been tested in environments distinct from its origin. An approach integrating GIS and hydrologic relationships was developed to calculate specific stream power and shear stress at over 1000 sites in Fairfax County, Virginia, USA. Analysis indicated that specific stream power did not discriminate between stable and unstable sites, even when the dominant substrate material was incorporated into the analysis. Substrate type provided a greater influence statistically on channel stability than values of specific stream power, but substrate type alone did not discriminate between stable and unstable sites. Although the research methods failed to provide any practical evidence to support the notion of a stability threshold of specific stream pow...

A vision-based pedestrian and car tracking system which is able to distinguish between car and pedestrian is possible using Morphological processing and Blob analysis. Videos are sequence of image frames. Here the algorithm is developed to analyse a frame and the same will be applied to all frames in a video. The unwanted objects in video frame can be removed by converting colour frames into a gray scale and by applying thresholding algorithm. Threshold can be set depending on the object to be detected. Gray scale image will be converted to binary during thresholding process. Morphological processing will be applied on binary image to remove small unwanted objects that are presented in a frame. A developed blob analysis technique for extracted binary image facilitates pedestrian and car detection. Processing blob's information of relative size and location leads to distinguishing between pedestrian and car. The threshold, morphological and blobs process is applied to all frames in a video and finally original video with tagged cars will be displayed.

Mortuary practices could vary almost indefinitely in the Viking Age. Within a theoretical framework of ritualization and architectural philosophy, this article explores how doors and thresholds were used in mortuary practice and ritual behaviour. The door is a deep metaphor for transition, transformation and liminality. It is argued that Viking Age people built ‘doors to the dead’ of various types, such as freestanding portals, causewayed ring-ditches or thresholds to grave mounds; or on occasion even buried their dead in the doorway. The paper proposes that the ritualized doors functioned in three ways: they created connections between the dead and the living; they constituted boundaries and thresholds that could possibly be controlled; and they formed between-spaces, expressing liminality and, conceivably, deviance. Ultimately, the paper underlines the profound impact of domestic architecture on mortuary practice and ritual behaviour in the Viking Age.

In today's fast paced networked world, the need to maintain the security of information or physical property is becoming both increasingly important and increasingly difficult. Recently, a ground breaking technology; biometrics, which is still a subject of growing research became available to allow verification of "true" individual identity. This is the focal point of our work where a face recognition system is implemented. We implemented an authentication system based on face recognition. We trained the images using principal component analysis and then combine with a feature based technique. For the feature based technique, we extract some key features including the red, green and blue colours of the eyes, the width and height of the eyes etc and ratios between them. We computed weights for each image based on these features and record the weights in the database for each subject in the database. We finally combine these feature weights with the weights computed from the principal component analysis and used it as the final weight to perform recognition. The system achieved a good recognition result.

The pandemic outbreak has put in crisis some values of the contemporary metropolis that seemed to have been achieved: the trend to urban concentration and the widely shared equation between density and sustainability, the speed and ease of physical mobility, the idea of space sharing, and more generally all sharing economies. Beyond the rhetoric of a return to "normality", it is necessary to rethink even the structure of our cities by enhancing the positive acquisitions of modernity and some experiences prematurely discarded - proxemics, the city as a place of the relationship between bodies and spaces, the resumption of reflection on public space as a shared value of civitas.

August Mellaz, hal. 217
“Membaca Prospek dan Peta Politik Pileg 2014: Ambang Batas Perwakilan, Daerah Pemilihan, dan Formula Penghitungan”.

Bagaimana membaca bekerjanya perangkat teknis sistem pemilu dan kontribusinya terhadap peta politik paska Pemilu Legislatif 2014.

Çalışmanın amacı “eşik”in bir olgu ve bir imge bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir.
Eşik bir mekân olarak; özel ve kamusal alanın ayrımında bir çizgi, güvenlik
noktası olan bir hudut, sanat ve edebiyatta bir imge, inançlarda bir simge, bir
aşama, psikolojik bir sınır ve aynı zamanda kararsızlık ve umut gibi durumların
yaşandığı bir yerdir. Eşik, bilimlerde de terim olarak kullanılagelmiştir. Eşik hem
ulaşılması gereken hem de aşılması gereken bir mekân olabileceği gibi
aşılmaması gereken bir mekân olarak da inşa edilebilir. Günlük hayatımızda sık
kullandığımız eşik kelimesinin fiziksel ve zihinsel boyutlarını ortaya koymak,
çalışmanın ana konularındandır.

In current scenario, we are considering the corona infection for which the initial face of transmission is indirect and mediated by contact with a contaminated surface. This model evaluates the actual facts based on collected data with the help of basic reproduction numberto cause infection in susceptible class under the effect of immune system. This modified model of SIR models with basic reproduction number on infection measures 𝑅0 = 0.000124 < 1 that is the pandemic will be under control and not spread. Thus, the model SEIRD verified their stability by Routh-Hurwitz Criterion.

In the following essay the window, located in the mundane middle-ground of architecture and thus often ignored, is examined in detail through the examples of a series of cultural artifacts. This is part of a larger general project to investigate, in a serious, critical manner, the overlooked stuff of architecture. Following the example of Bachelard"s seminal 1958 work The Poetics of Space, the essay draws upon a series of examples drawn from the history of Western art and architecture, from Ancient Greece to the present day, in order to make its arguments about the role the window plays in the world, specifically the way in which it mediates between interior and exterior. It then turns from these claims to make forward-looking remarks about the future of the window.

Døren er en av de dypeste og mest besnærende metaforene vi har. «Jeg er porten,» sier Jesus, og vi forstår umiddelbart metaforen — gjennom ham kommer man til himmelen. I tallrike kulturer, både i fortid og nåtid, er døren et mektig symbol. I språk, religion, arkitektur og litteratur symboliserer døren overgang, mulighet, transformasjon – og frihet.

I denne artikkelen vil jeg ta for meg ulike betydninger av dører og porter i et historisk perspektiv. Arkeologisk og kulturhistorisk materiale som belyser de mangefasetterte aspektene ved dørens symbolikk – på ingen måte et uttømmende utvalg – vil bli diskutert i et forsøk på å besvare spørsmålet: Hvordan virker døren på oss mennesker?

Materialet er inndelt etter noen av dørens egenskaper: dørens historie, døren som grense, døren som overgang, døren som mulighet. Til sist vil jeg dele noen tanker om hvorfor akkurat døren – en dagligdags del av hus og arkitektur – har fått så mange metaforer og konnotasjoner knyttet til seg.

This study provides a documentation of the transformation of neighborhood Karakoy in Istanbul through the concept of threshold. Since thresholds imply physical, social and historical transitions and the in-between states during this transition, this liminal concept is utilized as a tool to study the regenerating urban condition of Karakoy with its khans and passages. Referring to the changing contemporary approaches to urbanity and architecture, speculations on the current and possible future of this neighborhood are made through the study. Thresholds, refering to a physical in-between material or space in architecture, is open to adaptation in varied disciplines. The first part of the study documents the possible approaches, metaphors and utilization of the word and concept of threshold in different diciplines, architecture being the dominating one. In each approach by different scholars, thresholds provide a terrain of liminality, ambiguity and a greyness. Being part of each party but not belonging to any specific party, thresholds provide spatial, social and historical mapping of the transformation in Karakoy. Witnessing different empires, architectural styles, social groups, Karakoy is a place of transition. This neighborhood is constantly in a state of in-betweenness. Listing the main historical periods of the urban area starting from the early centuries, the change of governing, society, architecture, culture, usage and physical state, is revealed in order to emphasize the role of transformation in Karakoy.

Following the historical background, the regeneration and the current state of the area is documented in order to reveal the “neither-nor” status of Karakoy. Taking a section of the urban life of the neighborhood which is going to be in a another state in the future, the study documents the spatial, social and historical thresholds through the urban actors, everyday life, urban furniture, everyday objects, architectural styles or materials, the grafitti. Not only the modern face of the neighborhood is anaylsed but all parties of the neighborhood including the old-dwellers, new-comers and the visitors, the architectural heritage, existing social and economical structure, identities and the encounters between these differences are documented as thresholds. The possible reaction and hybrid identities that are produced are searched during the study. The decaying face of Karakoy is revived and become an inspiration of  the study. Differentiating from the precedent studied about Karakoy, this study documents the dialectic between old and new, traditional and modern, Western and Eastern, work and leisure, public and private, even men and women. It is implied that this dialectic and the relationships between differences are what make Karaköy a unique place of gentrification. These differences existing together create a dynamic and rich ground for urban, architectural and social productions. The binary positions and the in-between among these dualities are the implications of the thresholds in Karakoy. Beginning the study from urbanity, leading to architecture and ending in the scale of everyday life objects, the study becomes a threshold with its dialectic approach.

In the light of these approaches, the spatial, social and historical thresholds of Karakoy is documented in the case studies of khans and passages in the selected study area. These architectural products, being the common building type of the neighborhood and an important part of the economic life of Ottoman Empire provide grounds to document the transformation of the neighborhood. The history of these khans and passages are revived in today. Documenting the past and present of the buildings, the possible future of these hans and passages are speculated through spatial, social and historical thresholds. Historical maps, journal from archieves, the architecture, architectural style, constructions materials, inhabitants, signage, daily life, everyday objects, doors, windows, furniture, usage, construction site become tools of documentation. Revealing the many layers of thresholds in these selected khans and passages, the urban life of Karakoy is speculated as well as their state of transformation in order to create a mapping of regeneration in Karakoy.

Keywords: Karakoy, threshold, urban design, architecture

Commonly used transistors are based on the use of semiconductor junctions formed by introducing doping atoms into the semiconductor material. As the distance between junctions in modern devices drops below 10 nm, extraordinarily high doping concentration gradients become necessary. For this reason, a new device was proposed which has full CMOS functionality and is made by using junctionless nanowires. They have near-ideal sub-threshold slope, extremely low leakage currents and less degradation of mobility with gate voltage and temperature than classical transistors. Among several types of field effect transistors, gate-all-around junctionless nanowire FET (GAA-JL-NW-FET) is the recently invented one. In this article, temperature dependency of threshold voltage of GAA-JL-NW-FET has been analyzed for different channel materials such as Si, GaAs, InAs and InP. From the simulation result, it is observed that the threshold voltage is minimum for InAs and it decreases when the temperature is increased for all the above mentioned channel materials.

A strategy for adaptive control and energetic optimization of aerobic fermentors was implemented, with both air flow and agitation speed as manipulated variables. This strategy is separable in its components: control, optimization, estimation. We optimized parameter’s estimation (from the usual KLa correlation) using sinusoidal excitation of air flow and agitation speed. We have implemented parameter’s estimation trough recursive least squares algorithm with forgetting factor. We carried separate essays on control, optimization and estimation algorithms. We carried our essays using an original computational simulation environment, with noise and delay generating facilities for data sampling and filtering.

Our results show the convergence and robustness of the estimation algorithm used, improved with use of both forgetting factor and KLa dead-band facilities. Control algorithm used in our work compares favorably with PID using the integrated area criteria for deviation between oxygen molarity and critical molarity (set point). Optimization algorithm clearly reduces energetic consumption, respecting critical molarity. Integration of control, optimization and adaptive algorithms was implemented, but future work is needed for stability. Methods were defined and implemented for stability improvement. We have implemented data acquisition and computer manipulation of air flow and agitation speed for actual fermentors.

This research paper aims to highlight the philosophical perspective of T. S. Eliot on the existence of modern human beings on earth. The recurring meaninglessness and alienation expressed in the poems “The Waste Land” and “The Hollow Man” are discussed based on the context in which the poet correlateswith the reality experienced by the people. The encroachment of modernity of the twentieth-century civilization points to the loss of individual traditions, rootlessness and disorientation. The perpetual enquiries on the binaries are negated through the introduction of the intermediary space of existence. Certain vocabulary used in the poems throws light onto the existence of the poetic subjects in their in-between states referring to the presence of neither/nor situations. The fundamental nature of the reality and existence characterised by Eliot is revealed through the analysis of the poems as an experience of identity crisis amidst the politico-social situations leading to uncertain, anxious and ambiguous states of living. The paper concludes with the discovery of liminality and liminal existence of the poetic subjects that represent the existence of human beings regardless of time and place.

This paper presents the foundations that lead to the EKV MOS transistor compact model. It describes all the basic concepts required to derive the large-signal and smallsignal charge-based model that is valid in all modes of inversion, from weak to strong inversion through moderate inversion. The general small-signal model valid in quasistatic and non-quasi-static operation is also presented and all its components are described. It is also shown that the charge-based approach allows to derive the g m /I D characteristic that is valid in all modes of inversion.

Edge-ness is a description of interrelationships between the physical and metaphysical, and between the animate and inanimate; between people, buildings, landscapes, concepts, and emotions. It is both a descriptor of a condition of physical containment and a meta-physical relationship between object and event, between physical attribute and phenomenological experience. The epistemology of the edge stems from the physical manifestation of intersection: the collision of two sides of a sword's blade at an edge. Edge-ness, therefore, also embeds within it the animate capacity of its intended action: its function and utility is to cut, maim, and kill. In a Deleuzian sense, the edge brings the embedded ritual and amenity of the blade into being, as an incorporeal event and climax of formal and cultural intersection. Edge-ness is thus a non-condition, a space of no space. It is neither the form nor the act: it is the transition between differing states of being. It is in this very transition that the most striking and powerful action of the edge is revealed. Its dynamism as a threshold between varying states makes manifest the embodiment of becoming, and thus denotes the edge as a site of flux and indeterminacy. The edge promotes not just the corning into being of the spatial territory of the in-between, but also the social physiology of addressing its immediate periphery.

In architecture, one of the primary means through which this transition is enacted and experienced is through the transition between states of privacy-from the secure and safe inner-sanctum of the domestic interior, to the vulnerability of public exposure in the urban void realm. The activation of this edge/threshold condition in contemporary architecture has been somewhat ignored, repressed by overarching compositional tactics that are more concerned with notions of formalism and generative cleverness. The edge is a circumstance of other overarching compositional concerns, rather than a site of choreographed design strategies in its own right. The chapter, therefore, seeks to consider what is at stake in this edge condition through the analysis of the vernacular architectural edge typology, the verandah. In particular, the chapter will chart the verandah’s application across two geographically and climatically contrasting locations in Australia-semi-tropical Brisbane (Queensland) and arid Adelaide (South Australia). The chapter speculates upon the physical and social characteristics of the verandah's anatomical elements and their physiology in order to reveal the verandah's forgotten role as a social device. In so doing, the chapter asserts that the gradual corrosion of the verandah's conceptual meaning and social application is marked by a simplified and reductive typological condition in order for it to be consumed by contemporary culture as a pictorialized ornamental feature. The chapter will propose that the true power of the verandah lies in its operative social capacity (its physiology) working in tandem with its elemental composition (its anatomy) as an architectural typology.

The deployment of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) in law enforcement and border control applications has escalated the need for ensuring that these systems are not compromised. Several problems related to fingerprint system security have been investigated carefully;, the problem of fingerprint alteration has received very scarce attention . Fingerprint alteration refers to the deliberate alteration of the fingerprint pattern by a person for masking his/her identity. Several cases of fingerprint alteration have been reported previously. The main contributions of this paper is: 1) Analysis of the altered fingerprints 2) classifying the alterations into three major categories: Obliteration, distortion and imitation and suggesting possible countermeasures 3) Demonstrating by using an example of database, where based on matching score

A breadth first trellis decoding algorithm is introduced for application to sequence estimation in digital transmission. The decoding effort adapts to the prevailing noise conditions to yield low average effort. The proposed method of a performance of error correcting in noisy channels to reduce the power dissipation, the decoding speed in much to design a VD for TCM is presented in this paper. VD is used to decode the digital data communications and storage devices without any performance loss. A viterbi decoder uses the viterbi algorithm for decoding a bit stream that has been encoded using Forward error correction based on a code There are other algorithms for decoding a convolutionally encoded stream as well as punctured codes The advandage of VD is errors and correction and digital communication. The pre computation VD could reduce the power consumption by 70% with only 11% reduction of the maximum decoding speed.

Cet article s'intéresse aux seuils (entendu au sens large : portes, fenêtres, escaliers, etc.) comme révélateurs d'un changement dans la conception et la perception de l'espace dans les intérieurs de maison et leurs représentations peintes. À l'époque de l'Art nouveau, les architectes expérimentent avec les transitions entre différentes pièces de la maison : parois de verre et rideaux remplacent les portes, tandis que la cage d'escalier s'émancipe du cloisonnement de son hall. De nombreux peintres, quant à eux, représentent des intérieurs en mettant en évidence l'articulation de différents espaces au travers de la représentation de seuils. Ces recherches architecturales et artistiques témoignent d'une sensibilité particulière à la fin de siècle quant à la recherche de fluidité et à l'effacement progressif des démarcations spatiales dans les intérieurs.

Teknologi computer vision untuk identifikasi identitas spesifik seseorang telah banyak berkembang, baik identifikasi melalui sidik jari, retina, suara, bahkan tanda tangan. Tanda tangan merupakan identitas autentifikasi yang umum digunakan. Dengan perkembangan teknologi digital, diperlukan metode autentifikasi tanda tangan untuk memastikan keamanan, keaslian, dan kesesuaian tanda tangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggunakan metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan Euclidean Distance untuk mengidentifikasi tanda tangan dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi terbaik pada nilai threshold sebesar 50 -219 dengan nilai akurasi 95%. Penggunaan dimensi berbeda antara citra training dan citra testing menghasilkan akurasi 60%. Pengujian dengan tinta warna berbeda menunjukan tingkat akurasi mencapai 100%. Dengan demikian, metode PCA dan Euclidean Distance dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tanda tangan.