Drug Name Drug Action Indication and Adverse Reaction Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynam

Dosage
• CNS: peripheral
Isoniazid (also Isoniazid is Oral Absorption: Isoniazid is a
neuropathy, seizures, toxic
called active against PRIMARY encephalopathy, memory Rapid and prodrug and
isonicotinyl M tuberculosis, TREATME impairment, toxic complete; rate must be activa
hydrazine or M bovis and NT OF psychosis. can be slowed by bacterial
INH) is a first- some strains of PULMON EENT: optic neuritis and with food catalase.[1] It
atrophy.
line M kansasii. ARY AND activated by
GI: nausea, vomiting, Distribution:
antituberculous One of its main EXTRAPU epigastric distress. catalase-
medication used mechanisms LMONAR Hematologic:
All body tissues peroxidase
in the prevention appears to be Y TB agranulocytosis, hemolytic and fluids enzyme KatG
and treatment of mycolic acid Adult: anemia, aplastic anemia, including CSF; form isonicoti
tuberculosis. synthesis Daily eosinophilia, crosses acyl anion or
thrombocytopenia, placenta; enters radical. These
Isoniazid is inhibition regimen: sideroblastic anemia.
never used on its resulting in loss 300 mg breast milk forms will the
Hepatic: hepatitis,
own to treat of acid-fastness daily. jaundice, bilirubinemia. react with a
Metabolic: hyperglycemia,
Protein binding:
active and bacterial Intermittent NADH radica
metabolic acidosis, 10% to 15%
tuberculosis cell wall multiple- anion to form
hypocalcemia,
because disruption. drug hypophosphatemia. Metabolism: isonicotinic ac
resistance regimen: Skin: irritation at I.M. Hepatic with NADH compl
quickly 10 mg/kg 3 injection site. decay rate This complex
develops. times/wk or Other: rheumatic and determined will bind tight
15 mg/kg lupuslike syndromes, genetically by to
twice/wk. hypersensitivity reactions, acetylation ketoenoylredu
Child: pyridoxine deficiency, phenotype se known as
Daily gynecomastia InhA and
regimen: 5 Half-life prevents acces
mg/kg elimination: of the natural
daily. Max Fast enoyl-AcpM
dose: 300 acetylators: 30- substrate. Thi
mg daily. 100 minutes; mechanism
Intermittent Slow inhibits the
multiple- acetylators: 2-5 synthesis of
drug hours; may be mycolic acid i
regimen: prolonged with the
20-30 hepatic or mycobacterial
mg/kg severe renal cell wall.
(max 900 impairment
mg) Isoniazid reac
twice/wk. Time to peak, therapeutic
PROPHYL serum: 1-2 concentration
AXIS OF hours serum,
TB cerebrospinal
Excretion: fluid (CSF), a
Adult: 300 Urine (75% to
mg daily within caseou
95%); feces; granulomas.
for at least saliva Isoniazid is
6 mth. metabolized in
Alternativel the liver via
y, give with acetylation.
rifampicin There are two
for 3 mth. forms of the
Child: 5- enzyme
10 mg/kg responsible fo
daily. Max acetylation, so
dose: 300 that some
mg daily. patients
Intramusc metabolize the
ular drug quicker
PRIMARY than others.
TREATME Hence, the ha
NT OF life is bimoda
PULMON with peaks at
ARY AND hour and 3 ho
EXTRAPU in the US
LMONAR population. Th
Y TB metabolites ar
Adult: excreted in th
Daily urine. Doses d
regimen: not usually ha
300 mg to be adjusted
daily. case of renal
Intermittent failure.
multiple-
drug
regimen:
10 mg/kg 3
times/wk or
15 mg/kg
twice/wk.
Child:
Daily
regimen: 5
mg/kg
daily. Max
dose: 300
mg daily.
Intermittent
multiple-
drug
regimen:
20-30
mg/kg
 (max 900
mg)
twice/wk.
PROPHYL
AXIS OF
TB
Adult: 300
mg daily in
a single
dose.
Child: 5-
10 mg/kg
daily in a
single dose.
Max dose:
300 mg
daily.

Category C: Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus
(teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or
studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the
potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
Precaution
Renal or hepatic impairment; convulsive disorders; history of psychosis; patients at risk
of neuropathy or pyridoxine deficiency eg, diabetic, alcoholic, malnourished, uraemic,
infected with HIV. Careful monitoring of hepatic function is necessary for black and
hispanic women. Check hepatic function before and during treatment. Pregnancy and
lactation.