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    Es 12 1 Notes

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    Es 12 1 Notes

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    es 12 1 notes

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    51 views20 pages

    Es 12 1 Notes

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    Discovering Earths History

    Chapter 12.1 "The present is the key to the past."

    History of Geology
    Mid 1600s Archbishop James Ussher
    Constructed time line of human and Earth History Earth = more than 5,000 years old

    Late 1700s James Hutton


    Theory of the Earth Uniformitarianism

    Uniformitarianism
    the same geologic processes shaping the Earth today have been at work throughout Earth's history
    Transport of sediment Breakdown of rock

    Relative Dating
    Identifying which rock units formed first Tells us the sequence in which events occurred (not how long ago)
    Nicolaus Steno
    1636-1686 anatomist and geologist Principles of Relative Dating

    Law of Superposition
    In a sequence sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it. (1669)

    Principle of Original Horizontality


    Layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position

    Red Rock Canyon

    Canadian Rockies

    Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships


    A fault or magma intrusion that cuts through rocks is younger than the rocks affected

    Inclusions
    Pieces of one rock unit are contained within another The rock unit containing inclusions is younger Fragments found in a granite are older than the granite

    Unconformities
    Breaks in the rock record deposition stopped, EROSION removed previously formed rock, and then deposition resumed Identifies intervals of time that are not represented in the rock record

    Types of Unconformities
    1. Angular Unconformities Tilted or folded sedimentary rocks overlain by younger sedimentary rocks Deformation and erosion

    Types of Unconformities
    2. Disconformities
    Two sedimentary rock layers are separated by an erosional surface Erosional surface separates older metamorphic/intrusive igneous from younger sedimentary rocks

    3. Nonconformities

    Correlation
    Establishing the equivalence of rocks of similar age in different areas Creates a more complex view of the geologic history of a region Fossils are used to correlate rocks separated by great distances

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