*Published as Kerala Gazette No. 17 dated 23 rd April 1996.

1995 þ se 17þmw BIvddv

1990 þ se tIcf h\nXm I½oj³ BIvddv
tIcf¯nse kv{XoIfpsS ]Zhn sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw
kv{XoIsf _m[n¡p¶ \oXnclnXamb \S]SnIsfIpdn¨v
At\zjn¡p¶Xn\pambn Hcp h\nXm I½oj³ cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\pw
AXpambn _Ôs¸«tXm AXn\v B\pjwKnItam Bb Imcy§Ä¡pw
th- n hyhØ sN¿p¶Xn\pff
Hcp
BIvddv
]oTnI þ tIcf¯nse kv{XoIfpsS ]Zhn sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw kv{XoIsf _m[n¡p¶ \oXnclnXamb \S]SnIÄ
At\zjn¡p¶Xn\pamb Hcp I½oj³ cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\pw AXpambn _Ôs¸«tXm AXn\v B\pjwKnItam Bb
Imcy§Ä¡pw th-n hyhØsN¿p¶Xv bpIvXambncn¡pIbmÂ
C´y³ dn¸»n¡ns³d \m¸¯nc- m w kwhÂkc¯n Xmsg]dbpw {]Imcw \nbaap- m ¡p¶p

1. Npcp¡t¸cpw, hym]vXnbpw, Bcw`hpw þ (1) Cu BIvddn\v 1991 þ se tIcf h\nXm I½oj³ BIvddv F¶v
t]À ]dbmw.
(2) CXn\v tIcf kwØm\w apgph³ hym]vXn D-mbncn¡p¶XmWv.
(3) CXv kÀ¡mÀ Kkddv hnÚm]\wapew \nÝbn¡p¶ XobXn {]m_ey¯n hcp¶XmWv.

2. \nÀÆN\§Ä þ Cu BIvddnÂ, kµÀ`w addphn[¯n Bhiys¸Sm¯]£w þ

(F) ""I½oj³'' F¶m 5 þmw hIp¸n³IognÂ, cq]oIcn¡s¸Sp¶I½oj³ F¶v AÀ°amIp¶p

(_n) ""UbdIvSÀ'' F¶m 12 þmw hIp¸n³Iogn \nban¡s¸Sp¶ UbdIvSÀ F¶v AÀ°amIp¶p

(kn) ""kÀ¡mÀ'' F¶m tIcf kÀ¡mÀ F¶À°amIp¶p.
(Un) ""AwKw'' F¶Xn\v I½oj\nse Hcp AwKw F¶À°amIp¶Xpw AXn sNbÀt]gvk³
DÄs¸Sp¶XpamIp¶p.
(C) ""BÄ'' F¶Xn Hcp t^w, I¼\n, tImÀ¸tdj³ Asæn GsX¦nepw s]mXpkwcw`w, hyànIfpsS
kwLS\ Asæn kÀ¡mcpw, kÀ¡mcn \n¶pw klmbw e`n¡p¶ GP³knIfpÄ
s¸sSbpff AXns³d GP³knIfpw DÄs¸Sp¶p
(F^v) ""\nÀ®bn¡s¸«'' F¶m Cu BIvddn³ Iogn D-m¡nb N«§fm \nÀ®bn¡s¸« F¶À°amIp¶p

(Pn) ""]»nIv skÀƳdv'' F¶m kÀ¡mcns³dtbm Hcp tem¡Â t_mUnbpsStbm Asæn kÀ¡mcns³d
DSaØXbntem \nb{´W¯ntem Dff GsX¦nepw tImÀ¸tdj\nsetbm Asæn GsX¦nepw kÀ¡mÀ
GP³knbnsetbm Asæn GsX¦nepw s]mXp kwcw`§fnsetbm GsX¦nepw Poh\¡mc³
F¶À°amIp¶p
(F¨v) ""cPnÌÀ sN¿s¸«'' F¶m Cu BIvddn³Iogn I½oj\n cPnÌÀ sN¿s¸« F¶À°amIp¶p.
(sF) ""\oXnclnXamb \S]Sn'' F¶m `cWLS\m]camb aueoImhImi§fpsStbm a\pjymhImi
§fpsStbm Asæn cmjv { Sobþ km¼¯nIþ kmapZmbnIþ kmwkv ¡ mcnI, `cWtaJeIfnte
atddsX¦nepw taJeIfntem Dff aueoI kzmX{´y¯ns³dtbm AwKoImcw, kv { XoIÄ, Ah
A\p`hn¡p¶Xv Asæn hn\ntbmKn¡p¶Xv, £bn¸n¡pI, Asæn \ncÀ°Iam¡pI F¶
e£yt¯mSpIqSnbpff Asæn XXv^ew DfhmIp¶, enwK¯ns³d ASnØm\¯nepff, GsXmcp
hnthN\tam Hgnhm¡tem \nb{´Wtam Asæn XÂkabw {]m_ey¯nepff GsX¦nepw
\nba¯nse hyhØIfmtem Ahbn³Iogntem h\nXIfn \n£n]v X am¡s¸« GsX¦nepw
AhImi¯ns³dtbm B\pIqey¯ns³dtbm ewL\tam Asæn h\nXIfpsS t\À¡pff
imcocnItam am\knItam Bb ]oU\tam ssewKoI AXn{Iatam F¶À°amIp¶p.
1
 3. Nne kwKXnIfn BIvddv _m[Iasöv þ Cu BIvddv þ
(i) tI{µ kÀ¡mcn\v, AsænÂ

(ii) tI{µ kÀ¡mcns³d GsX¦nepw s]mXptaJem Øm]\§Ä¡v Asæn tI{µkÀ¡mcn

s³d DSaØXbntem \nb{´W¯ntem DfftXm tI{µkÀ¡mcn\m t\cn«v sNehv hln¡s¸Sp¶tXm Bb
atddsX¦nepw Øm]\§Ä¡v _m[IamIp¶XÃ.

4. addv \nba§Ä _m[Iam¡p¶Xn\v XSkansö v þ Cu BIv d dnse hyhØIÄ, addphn[¯nÂ

hyhØsNbv X {]ImcsamgnsI, XÂkabw {]m_ey¯nepff atddsX¦nepw \nba¯nse hyhØIÄ Cu
BIv d dnse hyhØIfpambn AkwKXaÃm¯nSt¯mfw A§s\bpff addp \nba¯n\p]pdtabpw AXn\p
tZmjIcaÃm¯ hn[¯nepambncn¡p¶XmWv.

5. I½ojs³d cq]oIcWw þ (F) Cu BIvddns³d Bhiy¯n\v kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ, KkÌv hnÚm]\w

hgn, tIcf h\nXmI½oj³ F¶dnbs¸tS-, kÀ¡mÀ \nban¡p¶ Hcp sNbÀt]gvkWpw Bdn IqSpXeÃm¯
addv AwK§fpw, DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp I½oj³ cq]oIcnt¡-Xpw Ahcn HcmÄ ]«nIPmXnbntem ]«nIhÀ¤¯ntem
s]Sp¶ Hcp h\nX Bbncnt¡- X pamWv .

(_n) sNbÀt]gvk¬ þ kv{XoIfpsS Imcy§Ä¡mbn AÀ¸Wt_m[t¯msS {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw kv{XoIfpsS

{]iv \ §Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn th- { X Adnhpw {]mtbmKnI]cnÚm\hpw D- m bncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶
t{ijv T bmb Hcp h\nX Bbncnt¡- X mWv .

(kn) I½oj\nse AwK§Ä þ kv{XoIfpsS Xm¸cy§Ä kwc£n¡pIbpw t{]mXvkmln¸n¡pIbpw AhcpsS

AhImi§Ä kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xp kw_Ôn¨ {]iv\§sf¡pdn¨v aXnbmb Adnthm ]cnNbtam Dffhtcm
Ah ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn ]mShw {]ISn¸n¨n«pffhtcm Bb {]m]v X cpw kXykÔcpw _p²nimenIfpw
Ønc{]Xnjv T t\Snbhcpw Bbncnt¡- X mWv .
6. AwK§fpsS DtZymK Imemh[nbpw tkh\hyhØIfpw
(1) Hmtcm AwKhpw A©phÀj¡met¯¡v DtZymKw hlnt¡-XmWv.

(2) (1)þmw D]hIp¸n F´pXs¶ AS§nbncp¶mepw, þ

(i) HcwK¯n\v kÀ¡mcns\ A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXpsIm-pff Xs³d ssI¸Sbnepff I¯paptJ\ GsXmcp

kab¯pw Xs³d DtZyKw cmPnhbv¡pItbm;

(ii) 11þmw hIp¸nse hyhkYIÄ¡v A\pkrXambn HcwKs¯ DtZymK¯n \n¶pw \o¡w sN¿pItbm
sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

(3) (2)þmw D]hIp¸p {]Imcw I½oj\nse GsX¦nepw AwKw cmPnhbv¡pItbm \o¡w sN¿s¸SpItbm
sN¿p¶Xpaqetam atddsX¦nepw ImcW¯mtem D- m Ip¶ Hcp Hgnhv 5þmw hIp¸nse hyhØIf\pkcn¨v
\nIt¯-XmWv.

F¶mÂ, A{]Imcw \nban¡s¸Sp¶ HcmÄ, AbmÄ GXmfns³d Øm\t¯¡mtWm \nbanX\mbXv B

Bfns³d tijn¡p¶ Imebfhphsc DtZymKw hlnt¡-XmWv.

(4) AwK§Ä \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ {]Imcapff i¼fhpw addv Aeh³kpIfpw hmt§- X pw

\nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ {]Imcapff tkh\hyhØIfm \nb{´n¡s¸Sp¶XpamWv

F¶m A{]Imcapff tkh\hyhØIÄ, HcwK¯ns³d \nba\¯n\ptijw, Abmsf {]XnIqeambn

_m[n¡p¶ Xc¯n amddw hcp¯mhp¶XÃ.
7. tImdw þ I½ojs³d Hcp tbmK¯ns³d tImdw \mev Bbncnt¡-XmWv.
8. þ (1) I½ojs³d tbmK¯n sNbÀt]gvkt\m AhcpsS
Akm¶n²y¯n lmPcpff AwK§Ä Cu Bhiy¯nte¡v sXcsªSp¡p¶ HcwKtam A²y£w hlnt¡-XmWv.

(2) I½ojs³d Hcp tbmK¯n ]cnKWn¡s¸tS- FÃm {]iv\§fpw, lmPcpff AwK§fpsS `qcn]£w
thm«pIÄ Xpeyambncn¡p¶ kwKXnbn sNbÀt]gvkWv Asæn A²y£yw hln¡p¶ AwK¯n\v Hcp c-mw
2
thmt«m \nÀ®mbIthmt«m tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
(3) I½oj\v , Bhiyaps- ¶ v AXv IcpXp¶]£w, \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ A§s\bpff Bhiy§Ä¡pw
A§s\bpff \n_Ô\Ifn³taepw, Hcp {]tXyI hnjb¯n hnZKv² Adnhpff GsXmcmsfbpw, Hcp Xocpam\¯n
se¯nt¨cp¶Xn\v I½ojs\ klmbn¡m\mbn tbmK¯n lmPcmIm³ £Wn¡mhp¶Xpw F¶m A§s\bpff
bmfn\v thm«v sN¿m³ AhImiap-mbncn¡p¶XÃm¯XpamIp¶p.
9. AUvtlm¡v I½nddnbpsS cq]oIcWw þ (1) I½ojs\ AXns³d ap¼msIbpff GsXmcp kwKXnbpsSbpw
\S¯n¸ns³d Bhiy¯nt\m GsX¦nepw {]tXyI hnjbw kw_Ônt¨m,þ

(F) I½oj\nse c- n  IhnbmsXbpff AwK§fpw:

(_n) I½ojs³d ap¼msIbpff {]tXyI hnjb¯nse c-n IhnbmsXbpff hnZKv²cpw, DÄs¡mffp¶ Hcp
AUvtlm¡v I½nddn cq]oIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.
(2) sNbÀt]gvk³ I½nddnbnse AwKamsW¦n sNbÀt]gvkt\m, atddsX¦nepw AwKtam I½nddnbpsS
tbmK¯n A²y£w hlnt¡- X mWv .

(3) I½nddnbpsS tbmK§Ä¡v 7þmw hIp¸ntebpw 8þmw hIp¸ntebpw 20þmw hIp¸ntebpw hyhØIÄ
Bhiyamb amdd§tfmsS _m[IamIp¶XmWv.

(4) AUvtlm¡v I½nddnbpsS A´na dnt¸mÀ«v I½nj³ ap³]msI AXns³d AwKoImc¯n\mbn hbvt¡-Xpw
AXv I½oj³ AwKoIcn¡p¶Xn³ta I½njs³d dnt¸mÀ«mbn IcpXs¸tS-XpamWv.
(5) AUvtlm¡v I½nddnbnse BfpIÄ¡v \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ thX\w \ÂtI-XmWv.

10. GsX¦nepw \yq\Xtbm Hgnhp apXembhtbmaqew I½ojs³d \S]SnIÄ Akm[phmIp¶Xsöv

:
I½ojs³d cq]oIcW¯n GsX¦nepw \yq\X Asæn {Iat¡Sv Ds-¶ ImcW¯mtem GsX¦nepw Hcp AwK
¯ns³d HutZymKnI Øm\¯n GsX¦nepw Hgnhv D-mbncn¡p¶p F¶ ImcW¯mtem am{Xw, I½ojs³d bmsXmcp
{]hÀ¯ntbm Asæn \S]Sntbm Akm[phm¡s¸Sp¶XÃ.

11. AwK§sf DtZymK¯n \n¶pw \o¡w sN¿Âþ

sN¿Â I½oj\nse GsXmcwKs¯bpw, AbmÄ þ
(F) Hcp Ahnapà \nÀ²\³ Bbn¯ocpItbm:

(_n) kZmNmchncp² Ipdd¯nÂs¸Sp¶ Hcp Ipdd¯n³ta IpddØm]\w sN¿s¸«v in£n¡s¸SpItbm;

(kn) Nn¯{`aapffh\mbn¯ocpItbm;
(Un) {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xn\v hnk½Xn¡pItbm {]hÀ¯n¡m³ IgnhnÃm¯h\mbn¯ocpItbm;

(C) I½ojs³d XpSÀ¨bmbpff aq¶v tbmK§fnÂ, lmPcmImXncn¡p¶Xn\pff I½ojs³d A\paXn IqSmsX

lmPcmImXncn¡pItbm;

(F^v) HutZyKnIØm\¯v XpScp¶Xv s]mXpXm¸cy¯n\v lm\nIcamIpwhn[w AbmÄ sNbÀt]gvks³dtbm

AwK¯ns³dtbm \nebnepff Øm\w, kÀ¡mcns³d A`n{]mb¯n Zpcq]tbmKs¸Sp¯pItbm; sN¿p¶]£w
kÀ¡mcns³d Hcp D¯chv hgn DtZymK¯n \n¶pw \o¡wsN¿mhp¶XmWv;

F¶mÂ, C¡mcy¯n AbmÄ¡v ]dbm\pffXv ]dbm³ \ymbamb Hchkcw \ÂImsX Cu hIp¸n³IognÂ

HcwKs¯ \o¡w sN¿m³ ]mSpffXÃ.

12. UbdIv S dpsSbpw I½oj\nse addv DtZymKØcpsSbpw \nba\w þ (1) kÀ¡mcn\v , I½oj\pambn
BtemmNn¨v, Cu BIvddn\m \ÂIs¸Sp¶ NpaXeIÄ \nÀhln¡p¶Xn\p ]pdsa I½oj³ \ÂIp¶ \nÀt±i§Ä
\S¸nem¡p¶Xn\pambn Hcp UbdIv S sd \nban¡mhp¶XmWv . kÀ¡mcn\v I½ojs\ klmbn¡p¶Xn\mbn
sU]yqt«j\ntem t\cn«pff \nba\w hgntbm I½oj\v BhiyamImhp¶ addv DtZymKسamsc \nban¡mhp¶Xpw
AhcpsS tkh\hyhØIÄ \nÀ®bn¡mhp¶XpamWv.;

F¶m t\cn«pff \nba\¯ns³d kwKXnbn 1958 þse tIcfmkvtddddv B³dv kt_mÀUnt\ddvkv kÀÆokv
N«§fnse 14, 15, 16, 17 F¶o N«§Ä _m[Iamt¡-XmWv.
3
 (2) UbdIvSdpsS tbmKyXIfpw \nba\Imemh[nbpw addp tkh\hyhkYØIfpw \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶
{]Imcambncnt¡- X mWv .
(3) (1)þmw D]hIp¸n ]cmaÀin¨ UbdIvSdpw addv DtZymKسamcpw Cu BIvddn³ Iogn AhcpsS NpaXeIÄ
\nÀÆln¡pt¼mÄ, sNbÀt]gvks³d `cW]camb \nb{´W¯n\v hnt[bcmbncnt¡-XmWv.
13. i¼fw, _¯IÄ apXembhbv ¡ pff hyhØ þ A w K § Ä ¡ v \ Â t I - i ¼ f h p w _ ¯ I f p w ,
UbdIvSÀ¡pw, I½oj\nse addv DtZymKسamÀ¡pw \ÂtI- i¼fhpw _¯Ifpw s]³j\pw DÄs¸sSbpff
`cW]camb sNehpIfpw kwØm\ k©nX\n[nbn NmÀÖp sN¿s¸tS-XmWv.
14. h\nXm kwLS\IfpsS cPnkv t {Sj³ þ (1) enJnXamb N«§tfm dKptej\pItfm AsænÂ
ss_emItfm aqew \nb{´n¡s¸Sp¶Xpw kv{XoIfpsS D¶a\¯nt\m, hnIk\¯nt\m, t£a¯nt\m kv{XoIfpsS
XmÂ]cy§Ä t{]mXv k mln¸n¡p¶Xnt\m {]hÀ¯n¨p hcp¶Xpamb GsXmcp h\nXm kwLS\bv ¡ pw taÂ
{]hÀ¯\§fn FÃmtam AhbntesX¦neptam Hcp e£yam¡nbn«pff atddsX¦nepw kwLS\IfpsS h\nXm
hn`mK¯n\pw, A§s\bpff kwLS\sb I½oj\n cPnÌÀ sN¿p¶Xn\v \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ {]Imc¯nepff
t^md¯nepw A§s\bpff coXnbnepw UbdIvStdmSv At]£n¡mhp¶XmWv.
(2) UbdIvSÀ, \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶ {]Imcapff coXnbn At]£IÄ ]cntim[nt¡-Xpw cPnkvt{Sj\v
tbmKyXbpff kwLS\Isf I½ojt\mSv ip]mÀi sNt¿- X pw addp At]£IÄ \ncknt¡- X pamWv .
(3) I½oj\v, ip]mÀi ]cnKWn¡mhp¶Xpw cPnkvddÀ sN¿s¸Sm³ tbmKyXbpff kwLS\bpsS t]cpw addp
hnhc§fpw Cu Bhiy¯nte¡v \nÀ®bn¡s¸« {]Imcw kq£n¨n«pff cPnkvdddn tNÀ¡p¶Xn\v \nÀt±in
¡mhp¶Xpw \nÀ®bn¡s¸« ^md¯n Hcp cPnkvt{Sj³ kÀ«n^n¡ddv \ÂtI-XpamWv.
(4) I½oj\v GXp kab¯pw, kzta[bmtbm addp hn[¯ntem GsX¦nepw kwLS\bpsS cPnkvt{Sj³,
kwLS\bv¡v ]dbphm\pffXv ]dbm³ Hchkcw \ÂInbXn\ptijhpw Hcp cPnkvtSÀUv kwLS\bmbn XpScm³
AXn\p H«pwXs¶ tbmKyXbnsöv t_m²yamIp¶Xn³taepw, d±v sN¿mhp¶XmWv.
(5) UbdIvSdpsS (2)þmw D]hIp¸n³ Iognepff Xocpam\¯n k¦Sapff I£n¡v \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶
kab¯n\pffnepw A§s\bpff coXnbnepw I½oj³ ap¼msI A¸o kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶Xpw AXn³ta I½oj³
bpàsa¶v AXv IcpXp¶ A§s\bpff At\zjW¯n\pw I£n¡v ]dbm\pffXv ]dbm³ Hchkcw \ÂInbXn\v
tijw, AXn³ta DNnXamb D¯chpIÄ ]mÊmt¡-XmWv.
15. I½ojs³d A[nImc§Ä þ (1) Cu BIvddn³Iognepff GsXmcp At\zjW¯ns³dbpw Bhiy¯nte¡v,
Xmsg¸dbp¶ kwKXnIÄ kw_Ôn¨v 1908 þse knhn \S]Sn \nbakwlnX (1908 þse 5þmw tI{µ BIvddv) bn³
Iogn Hcp hyhlmcw hnNmcWsN¿pt¼mÄ Hcp knhn tImSXnbn \n£n]vXambn«pff AtX A[nImc§Ä I½oj\v
D- m bncn¡p¶XmWv.
(F) GsXmcp km£nsbbpw ka¬ sN¿p¶Xn\pw AbmÄ lmPcmIp¶Xv \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶
Xn\pw Abmsf hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\pw;
(_n) GsX¦nepw tcJIÄ Is-Sp¡p¶Xn\pw lmPcm¡p¶Xn\pw Bhiys¸Sp¶Xn\v;
(kn) kXyhmMvaqe¯n³ta sXfnhv kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v;
(Un) GsX¦nepw ]»nIv Hm^okn \n¶pw GsX¦nepw ]»nIv dn¡mÀUpItfm AhbpsS ]IÀ¸pItfm
Bhiys¸Sp¶Xn\v;
(C) km£nIsf hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\v I½oj³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xn\v.
(2) I½ojs³d ap¼msIbpff GsXmcp \S]Snbpw C´y³ in£m \nbakwlnX (1860þ se 45 þmw tI{µ BIvddv)
bnse 193 Dw 228 Dw hIp¸pIfpsS AÀ°hym]vXnbnepff Hcp \oXn\ymb \S]Snbmbncn¡p¶Xpw 1973þse {Inan\Â
\S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse (1974 þse 2þmw tI{µ BIvddv) 195 þmw hIp¸ns³d Bhiy¯n\p I½nj³ Hcp tImSXnbmbn
IcpXs¸Sp¶XpamWv.
16. I½ojs³d NpaXeIÄ þ (1) I½oj³ Xmsg¸dbp¶ NpaXeIÄ FÃmtam Asæn AhbntesX¦neptam
\nÀÆlnt¡- X mWv , AXmbXv :þ
(i) \oXnclnXamb GsXmcp \S]Snsbbpw Ipdn¨v At\zjn¨v AXn³ta Xocpam\saSp¡pIbpw B kwKXnbnÂ
kzoIcnt¡- \S]Sn kw_Ôn¨v kÀ¡mcnt\mSv ip]mÀi sN¿pIbpw sN¿pI;
4
 (ii) kv { XoIsf kw_Ôn¡p¶ {][m\ kwKXnItfbpw \oXnclnXamb \S]SnIÄ kw_Ôn¨pff
kwKXnItfbpw Ipdn¨v UbdIvSsds¡m-v At\zjWw \S¯n¡pIbpw AXn³ta kzoIcnt¡- Xncp¯Â \S]Sn
kw_Ôn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI.

(iii) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v þ

(F) \nehnencn¡p¶ \nba§fn `cWLS\m]camb XpeymhImis¯bpw kv { XoItfmSpff DNnXamb
s]cpamdds¯bpw _m[n¡p¶ ]gpXpIÄ, A]cym]vXXIÄ, IpdhpIÄ Chtbbpw A§s\bpff ØnXn t\cnSp¶Xn\v
kzoIcnt¡- \nhmcI \nba \nÀ½mW \S]SnIsfbpw kw_Ôn¨v hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡pI;
(_n) GsXÃmw {]tZi§fnemWv kv{XoIsf kw_Ôn¨v \nehnencn¡p¶ \nba\§fpsS {]hÀ¯\w th-{X
^e{]Zambn«nà Asæn Ah {]hÀ¯\£aam¡nbn«nà F¶p Xncn¨dnbp¶Xn\mbn A§s\bpff \nba§fpsS
{]hÀ¯\w ]cntim[n¡pIbpw kzoIcn¡s¸tS- `cW]ctam \nba\nÀ½mW]ctam Bb \S]SnIsf kw_Ôn¨v
ip]mÀiIÄ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI;
(kn) kwØm\ ]»nIv kÀÆokpIfnte¡pw kwØm\ s]mXp kwcw`§fnte¡pw \S¯p¶ \nba§fpw {]kvXpX
kÀÆokpIfn \S¯p¶ {]tamj\pIfpw ]cntim[n¡pIbpw A§s\bpff \nba\§fnepw {]tamj\pIfnepw
kv{XoIÄ¡v Xpey Ahkc§Ä Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\mhiyamb \S]Sn GsX¦nepw Dff ]£w AXv kÀ¡mcn\p dnt¸mÀ«p
sN¿p¶Xn\mbn A§s\bpff \nba§tfbpw {]tamj\pIsfbpw \nb{´n¡p¶ N«§fpsSbpw sdKptej\pIfptSbpw
kqjva ]cntim[\ \S¯pIbpw sN¿pI;
(iv) (F) kv{XoIÄs¡Xnsc \oXnclnX \S]SnIÄ \S¯p¶Xmbn ]cmXn e`n¨n«pff PbnepItfm, t]meokv
kvtddj\pItfm, tem¡¸pItfm, k_v PbnepItfm, sdkvIyq tlmapItfm Atæn kv{XoIsf ]mÀ¸n¡p¶ addv
Øe§tfm Asæn kv{XoIÄ¡v kwc£Wtam A`btam \ÂIp¶ Bhiy¯n\v kÀ¡mcnÂ\n¶v klmbw e`n¡p¶
GP³knIÄ DÄs¸sS kÀ¡tcm AXns³d GsX¦nepw GP³knItfm \S¯p¶ kv{XoIÄ¡mbpff sjÂdddpItfm
addv Øe§tfm Asæn kv{XoIsfbpw s]¬Ip«nIsfbpw Dt±in¨v GsXmcmfpw \S¯p¶ tlmÌepItfm IqSmsX
kv{XoIÄs¡Xnsc \oXncloXamb \S]SnIÄ \S¯s¸Sp¶psh¶v ]cmXnbpff addv Øe§fpw UbdIvStdm Cu
Bhiy¯nte¡v I½oj³ A[nImcs¸Sp¯p¶ I½oj\nse GsX¦nepw DtZymKØt\m ]cntim[n¡pItbm
]cntim[n¡m³ CSbm¡pItbm sN¿pIbpw A§s\bpff Øe§fn kv{XoIÄ¡pw s]¬Ip«nIÄ¡p \ÂIs¸Sp¶
]cnNcWs¯ kw_Ôn¨v IqSpXemb At\zjW§Ä \S¯m³ CSbm¡pIbpw \nhmcI\S]Sn kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\mbn
kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿pIbpw sN¿pI;
(_n) GsX¦nepw ]»nIv skÀh³dv kv{XoIfpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xv kw_Ôn¨v Xs³d NpaXeIÄ
\nÀÆln¡p¶Xn KpcpXcamb Dt]£tbm KpcpXcamb DZmko\Xtbm ImWn¨psh¶v I½oj\v A`n{]mbapff
kwKXnIfn A¨S¡w kw_Ôn¨v _Ôs¸« A[nImcØm\t¯mSv A¨S¡\S]Sn kzoIcn¡m³ ip]mÀi sN¿pI;
(v) kv { XoIfpsS ØnXn sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ kzoIcnt¡- X pw \S¸nemt¡- X pamb
kmaqlyt£a ]cn]mSnIsf¡pdn¨v kÀ¡mcnt\mSv ip]mÀi sN¿pI;
(vi) kv { XoIÄ¡v Xpey Ahkc§Ä e`yam¡p¶Xn\v ka{Khpw kzoImcymXv a Ihpamb Hcp ]²Xn
cq]oIcn¡pIbpw, A{]Imcapff ]²Xn \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v Hcp ]cn]mSn Bkq{XWw sNbv X v kÀ¡mcns³d
AwKoImc¯n\mbn Abbv¡pIbpw t`ZKXntbmSpIqSntbm AÃmsXtbm AXn\v AwKoIcw e`n¡p¶Xn³ta AXv
\S¸m¡pIbpw sN¿pI;
(vii) kv { XoIÄs¡Xnsc sN¿p¶ Ipdd§Ä kw_Ôn¨v GsXmcp \nba¯n³IognemWv B \nba¯nse
hyhØIfpsS ewL\¯n\v ]ng hyhØ sNbvXn«pffXv A§s\bpff \nba¯n³Iogn kv{XoIÄs¡Xnsc sN¿p¶
Ipdd§Ä kw_Ôn¨v t{]mknIyqj³ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v X¡ A[nImcØm\t¯mSv ip]mÀi sN¿phm³
UbdIvSsd A[nImcs¸Sp¯pI;
(viii) XmcXay]T\w DÄs¸sS kv { XIfpsS kmaqlyþkm¼¯nIþ cmjv { Sob ØnXnIsf¡pdn¨v ka{Kamb
hnhc§fS§nb ""tUddm _m¦v '' kq£n¡pIbpw AXv ImemIme§fn ]pXp¡n kv { XoIfpsS AhImi
kwc£WmÀ°apff \S]SnIfn {]tbmP\s¸S¯¡h®w e`yam¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(ix) ]n³XpSÀ¨mhImi¯ns³dbpw c£mIÀXrXz¯ns³dbpw Zs¯Sp¡ens³dbpw hnhmltamN\¯ns³dbpw
kwKXnbn hnthN\w \o¡w sN¿p¶Xnt\m kv{XoIfpsS A´Êpw amXrXz¯ns ³d am\yXbpw kwc£n¡p¶Xv
kw_Ôn¨ kwKXnIÄt¡m Bhiyamb \nba\nÀ½mW \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡phm³ kÀ¡mcnt\mSv ip]mÀi sN¿pI;
(x) kv{XoIÄs¡Xnscbpff hnthN\¯nepw AXn{Ia§fnepw \n¶pÂ`hn¡p¶ {]tXyI {]iv\§sftbm
]cnØnXnIsftbm Ipdn¨v {]tXyI ]T\tam At\zjWtam \S¯phm³ Bhiys¸SpIbpw Ah ZqcoIcn¡p¶Xn\pff
5
D]mbX{´§Ä ip]mÀi sN¿p¶Xnte¡v {]Xn_豈 Xncn¨dnbpIbpw sN¿pI;
(xi) kv{XoIfpsS kmaqlnIþkm¼¯nI A`nhr²n¡pff Bkp{XW {]{Inbbn ]s¦Sp¡pIbpw D]tZiw
\ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI;
(xii) Hcp henb hn`mKw kv{XoIsf _m[n¡p¶ {]iv\§Ä DÄs¡mffp¶ hyhlmcw \S¯phm³ [\klmbw
sN¿pI;
(xiii) kv{XoIsf kw_Ôn¡p¶ GsXmcp Imcyt¯bpw, {]tXyIn¨v kv{XoIÄ A²zm\n¡p¶Xv GsXÃmw hnhn[
{]bmk§fpsS IognemtWm Ah kw_Ôn¨v kÀ¡mcnte¡v B\pImenI dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ sImSp¡pI;
(xiv) FÃm taJeIfnepw kv{XoIfpsS X¡ {]mXn\n[yw Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\pff amÀ¤§Ä \nÀt±in¡p¶Xn\v
t{]mXv k ml\]chpw hnZym`ymk]chpamb KthjWw FsddSp¡pIbpw, AhcpsS A`nhr²n XSÊs¸Sp¯p¶
LSI§Ä AXmbXv , `h\§fpsS ASnØm\ tkh\§fpsSbpw A{]m]yXbpw AhcpsS A²zm\`mchpw
BtcmKy¯n\v hr¯n]cambp-mhp¶ A]mbkm²yXbpw Ipdbv¡p¶Xn\pw AhcpsS D¸mZ\£aX
hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Dff ASnØm\ tkh\§fpsSbpw kmt¦X§fpsSbpw A]cym]vXXbpw, Xncn¨dnbpIbpw sN¿pI;
(xv) kÀ¡mÀ AXn\v d^À sN¿p¶ atddsXmcp kwKXnbpw.
(2) kÀ¡mÀ, (1)þmw D]hIp¸n³ Iognepff I½ojs³d ip]mÀiIÄ \nbak` ap¼msI AXns³d ASp¯
kt½f\¯n hbvt¡-Xpw A{]Imcapff ip]mÀiIÄ k`bpsS ap¼msI hbv¡p¶XpapX c-v amk¯n\pffnÂ
_Ôs¸« A[nImcØm\s¯s¡m- v AXn³ta \S]Sn FSp¸n¡m³ CSbmt¡- X pamWv .
17. \oXnclnXamb \S]SnIÄ kw_Ôn¨pff At\zjWw (1) I½oj³, \oXnclnXamb GsXmcp
\S]Snsb¡pdn¨pw þ
(F) GsX¦nepw kv { Xobn \n¶pw, Xm³ GsX¦nepw \oXnclnXamb \S]Sn¡v hnt[bbm¡s¸«p F¶v
Btcm]n¨psIm-pff tcJmaqeamb Hcp ]cmXn e`n¡p¶Xn³ta Asæn kam\amb Hcp ]cmXn, GsX¦nepw
cPnÌÀ sNbvX h\nXmkwLS\Ifn \n¶v e`n¡p¶Xn³taÂ;
(_n) AXns³d kz´w Adnhn³ta Asæn AXn\v hnhcw e`n¡p¶Xn³taÂ;
(kn) kÀ¡mcn \n¶pff GsX¦nepw A`yÀ°\bn³ta At\zjWw \St¯-XmWv.
(2) (1)þmw D]hIp¸nse (F) JÞ¯n³Iogn ]cmXn \ÂInbn«pffnS¯v, I½oj\v GXmfns\XnscbmtWm
]cmXn \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶Xv B Bfns³d t]À¡v GsX¦nepw t{]mkkv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xn\pap¼v , ]cmXn
At\zjn¡s¸tS- X mWv AXn\v kzbw t_m[yamIp¶Xn\pth- n , UbdIv S sds¡m- v AXn\v bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶
coXnbnepff Hcp {]mYanI At\zjWw \S¯m³ CSbmt¡-XmWv.
(3) GXv Bfns\XncmbmtWm ]cmXn \ÂInbn«pffXv AbmÄ lmPcmIpIbpw ImcWw ImWn¡pIbpw AsænÂ
B Bhiy¯nte¡v \nÝbn¡s¸«ncp¶ Znhkw lmPcmIp¶Xn hogvN hcp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶nS¯v, I½oj\v
]cmXnbnse kwKXnsb kw_Ôn¨v At\zjWw XpScmhp¶Xpw AXn³ta Hcp Xocpam\w FSp¡mhp¶Xpw AhnsS
\oXnclnXamb Hcp \S]Sn D-mbn F¶v I½oj\v t_m²yamIp¶ ]£w, AXv AXn³ta kzoIcnt¡- \S]Snsb
kw_Ôn¨v kÀ¡mcn\v ip]mÀi \ÂtI- X pw Asæn t{]mknIyqj³ \S]Sn Bcw`nt¡- X pw BWv .
(4) kÀ¡mÀ (3)þmw D]hIp¸n³ Iogn I½ojs³c ip]mÀi e`n¨ XobXn apX c- v amk¯n\pffnÂ
AXn³ta Hcp Xocpam\w FSpt¡- X pw BbXv I½ojs\ Adnbnt¡- X pamWv .
18. t{]mknIyqj³ Bcw`n¡Â þ 17þmw hIp¸n³ Iognepff GsXmcp ]cmXnsb¡pdn¨pw At\zjWw
\S¯nbtijw, HcmÄ GsX¦nepw {Inan\ÂIpddw sNbv X n«ps- ¶ pw A§s\bpff Ipdd¯n\v Abmsf Hcp
\nbatImSXnbn t{]mknIyq«v sNt¿- X msW¶pw I½oj\v t_m[yamIp¶]£w ap³Iq«nbpff A\paXn
BhiyansænÂ, B AÀ°¯n AXn\v Hcp D¯chv ]mÊm¡mhp¶Xpw _Ôs¸« BÄs¡Xnsc t{]mknIyqj³
Bcw`n¡mhp¶Xpw A§s\bpff t{]mknIyqj\v GsX¦nepw A[nImcØm\¯ns³d ap³Iq«nbpff A\paXn
Bhiyapff]£w, GsXmcp \nba¯nepw F´pXs¶ AS§nbncp¶mepw I½oj³ A`yÀ°\ \S¯n ap¸Xp
Znhk§Ä¡Iw, B A[nImcØm\w A§s\bpff A\paXn \ÂtI- X pw, A§s\bpff A\paXn {]kv X pX
Imebfhn\pffn A\phZn¡m¯]£w A§s\bpff A\paXn B A[nImcØm\w \ÂInbXmbn
IcpXs¸tS- X pamWv.
19. hmÀjnIdnt¸mÀ«v \nbak` ap³]msI hbv t ¡- X msW¶v þ16þmw hIp¸v (1) þmw D]hIp¸nse (iii) þmw
JÞ¯n\\pkrXambn kÀ¡mcn\v I½oj³ kaÀ¸n¡p¶ hmÀjnIdnt¸mÀ«v, kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¨tijw
Ignbp¶{X thKw \nbak` ap³]msI hbv t ¡- X mWv .
6
 20. I½ojs³d knddnwKpIÄ
knddnwKpIÄþ I½oj³, \oXnclnXamb GsX¦nepw \S]Snsb¡pdn¨v At\zjWw
\S¯p¶Xn\pff knÁnwKpIÄ km[mcWbmbn Xncph\´]pcXX¯v \St¯-Xpw, F¶m AXn\v kwØm\¯nse
atddsX¦nepw Øe¯v knddnwKv \S¯mhp¶XpamWv.

(2) I½oj³, kÀ¡mcns³d ap³Iq«nbpff AwKoImct¯mSpIqSn AXns³d \S]Sn{Iahpw ImcymZnIfpsS

XoÀ¸m¡epw \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\v dKptej\pIÄ D- m t¡- X pw A§s\bpff dKptej\pIÄ Ah D- m ¡nbtijw
Kkddn {]kn²oIcnt¡- X pamWv .

(3) I½ojs³d AwKoImct¯mSpIqSn sNbÀt]gvk\v sNbÀt]gvks³dtbm, I½ojt³dtbm GsX¦nepw

NpaXeIÄ, I½oj\nse atddsX¦nepw AwK¯nt\m AwK§Ät¡m G¸n¨psImSp¡mhp¶XmWv.

21. I½ojs³d D¯chpIÄ apXembhbpsS {]amWoIcWw þ I½ojs³d FÃm D¯chpIfpw

Xocpam\§fpw I½oj³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ addp \S]SnItfm tcJItfm GsX¦nepaps-n Ahbpw UbdIvStdm Cu
Bhiy¯nte¡v I½oj³ A[nImcs¸Sp¯p¶ A§s\bpff DtZymKØt\m H¸n«v {]amWoIcnt¡-XmWv.

22. I½oj\nte¡pff kw`mh\IÄ, AwimZmb§Ä apXembh þ kÀ¡mcns³d ap³Iq«nbpff A\phmZ

t¯msSbpw Cu Bhiy¯nte¡v kÀ¡mÀ \nÀ®bn¡mhp¶ hyhØIÄ¡pw D]m[nIÄ¡pw hnt[bambpw Cu
BIvddns³d Bhiy§Ä¡v, GsX¦nepw kwLS\bntem Bfntem \n¶v ]Ww kw`mh\bmtbm AwimZmbamtbm
atddsXmcp t]cntem Adnbs¸«mepw I½oj\v kzoIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.
23. kÀ¡mÀ I½oj\pambn BtemNn¡Wsa¶v þ kÀ¡mÀ kv{XoIsf _m[n¡p¶ FÃm {][m\ \b]camb
Imcy§sfIpdn¨pw, I½oj\pambn BtemNnt¡- X mWv.
24. I½oj\nse AwK§fpw DtZymKسamcpw Poh\¡mcpw ]»nIv kÀh³dpamÀ Bbncn¡psa¶v
þ I½oj\nse FÃm AwK§fpw DtZymKسamcpw addp Poh\¡mcpw, Cu BIvddnse hyhØItfsX¦nepw A\pkcn¨v
{]hÀ¯n¡pItbm {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xmbn IcpXs¸SpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ, C´y³ in£m \nbakwlnX (1860 þse 45 þmw
tI{µ BIvddv) þse 21 þmw hIp¸ns³d AÀ°hym]vXn¡pffn hcp¶ ]»nIv skÀh³dpamcmbn IcpXs¸tS-XmWv.

25. D¯a hnizmk]qÀÆw sNbvX {]hÀ¯nIÄ¡v kwc£Ww þ I½oj\nse GsX¦nepw AwK¯nt\m,

I½oj\nse GsX¦nepw DtZyKØt\m FXnsc Cu BIvddns³dtbm, AXn³Iogn D-m¡s¸« N«§fpsStbm IognÂ
D¯ahnizmk]qÀÆw sNbvXtXm sN¿phm³ Dt±in¨tXm Bb GsX¦nepw kwKXn kw_Ôn¨v, bmsXmcp hyhlmctam,
t{]mknIyqjt\m atddsX¦nepw \nba \S]Sntbm \ne\n¡p¶XÃ.
26. tImSXnIÄ C³PwKvj³ \ÂIphm³ ]mSpffXsö v þ 1908 þse knhnÄ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbntem
(1908 þse 5þmw tI{µ BIvddv) XÂkabw {]m_ey¯nepff atddsX¦nepw \nba¯ntem F´pXs¶ AS§nbncp¶mepw
bmsXmcp tImSXnbpw Cu BIvddnse hyhØIfn³Iogn FSp¯psIm-ncn¡p¶tXm, Asæn FSp¡m\nSbpfftXm
Bb GsX¦nepw \S]Snsb XSbp¶ bmsXmcp C³PwKvj\pw \ÂIphm³ ]mSpffXÃ.
27. sshjay§Ä \o¡w sN¿Â þ (1) Cu BIvddnse hyhØIÄ¡v {]m_eyw \ÂIp¶Xn Fs´¦nepw
sshjayw DfhmIp¶ ]£w A§s\bpff sshjayw \o¡w sN¿p¶Xn\v A§s\bpff hyhØIÄ¡v hncp²aÃm¯
F´pw kÀ¡mcn\v D¯chpaqew sN¿mhp¶XmWv.
(2) Cu BIvddnse Bcw`w apXÂ c-p hÀj¡mew IgnªXn\ptijw (1) þmw D]hIp¸n³ Iognepff bmsXmcp
D¯chpw ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ ]mSpffXÃ.
(3) Cu hIp¸n³Iognepff Hmtcm D¯chpw AXp-m¡nbXn\ptijw Ignbp¶{XthKw \nbak` ap³]msI
hbvt¡-XmWv.

28. N«§Ä D- m ¡p¶Xn\pff A[nImcw þ (1) kÀ¡mcn\v Cu BIv d dnse hyhØIÄ \S¸m¡p¶
Bhiy¯nte¡v Kkddv hnÚm]\waqew N«§Ä D-m¡mhp¶XmWv.

(2) {]tXyIn¨pw ta¸dª A[nImc¯ns³d kmam\yXbv¡v `wKw hcmsXbpw A§s\bpff N«§fnÂ

Xmsg¸dbp¶hbv¡v hyhØsN¿mhp¶XmWv.
(F) I½oj\nse AwK§fpsSbpw UbdIvSdpsSbpw addv DtZymKسamcpsSbpw i¼fhpw, Aeh³kpIfpw
addv tkh\ hyhkYIfpw;
(_n) 11þmw hIp¸n³Iogn I½oj\nse AwK§sf \o¡w sN¿p¶Xn\pff \S]Sn{Iaw;

7
 (kn) 14þmw hIp¸n³Iogn cPnkvt{Sj\pÅ \S]Sn{Iaw

(Un) BIvddnse 17þmw hIp¸n³Iognepff At\zjW¯n\pff \S]Sn{Iaw;

(C) UbdIvSÀ \S¯p¶ At\zjW§Ä;
(F^v) XShpImcmtbm addv hn[¯ntem kv { XoIsf XSªph¨n«pff PbnepItfm, t]meokv
tÌj\pItfm, tem¡¸pItfm k_vPbnepItfm, dkvIyq tlmapItfm IkvddUn¡pff addp Øe§tfm,
kv{XoIÄ¡v c£tbm A`btam \ÂIp¶ Bhiy¯n\v kÀ¡mtcm, kÀ¡mcnÂ\n¶v klmbw e`n¡p¶
GP³knIÄ DÄs¸sS AXns³d GsX¦nepw GP³kntbm \S¯p¶ kv{XoIÄ¡pÅ sjÂdÁpItfm aÁp
kvYe§tfm GsX¦nepw BÄ \S¯p¶ kv{XoIÄ¡pw s]¬Ip«nIÄ¡papÅ tlmÌepItfm, kv{XoIÄ¡pw
s]¬Ip«nIÄ¡psaXnsc \oXnclnX \S]SnIÄ \S¯p¶Xmbn ]cmXn e`n¨n«pÅ A§s\bpÅ aÁp
kvYe§tfm ]cntim[n¡p¶Xnt\m, A§s\bpÅ kvYe§fn kv{XoItfm s]¬Ip«nItfm hnt[bcmhp¶
s]cpamÁs¯ Ipdn¨v At\zjWw \S¯p¶Xnt\m DÅ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä :
(Pn) Hcp tUÁm _m¦v kq£n¡p¶Xv :
(F¨v ) kv { XoIÄ¡v Xpey Ahkcw Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\pw AhcpsS A`nhr²n¡pw D¶a\¯n\pw th- n
ka{Khpw kzoImcymßIhpamb Hcp ]²XnbpsS cq]oIcWhpw AXp \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\pÅ ]cn]mSnbpw.
(sF) kv{XoIÄs¡Xnsc sN¿s¸Sp¶ GsXmcp \nba¯ns³dbpw IognepÅ IpÁ§Ä t{]mknIyq«v
sN¿p¶Xn\v ip]mÀi sN¿p¶Xn\p \S]Sn{Iaw:
(sP) \nÀ®bn¡s¸Smhp¶tXm \nÀ®bn¡s¸tS- t Xm Bb atÁsX¦nepw kwKXn.
(3) Cu BIv Á n³ Iogn D- m ¡p¶ GsXmcp N«hpw AXp- m ¡nbtijw Ignbp¶{X thKw \nbak`
kt½f\¯nembncn¡pt¼mÄ AXns³d ap³]msI (BsI ]Xn\mev Znhkt¯¡v AXv Hcp kt½f\¯ntem
XpSÀ¨bmbpÅ c- p kt½f\§fntem s]Smw.) hbv t ¡- X pw A{]Imcw AXv hbv ¡ p¶ kt½f\tam
AXn\v sXm«Sp¯v hcp¶ kt½f\tam Ahkm\n¡p¶Xn\v ap³]v \nbak` N«¯n GsX¦nepw cq]t`Zw
hcp¯pItbm AYhm N«w D- m t¡- X nsöv Xocpam\n¡pItbm sN¿p¶]£w, N«¯n\v AXXv
kwKXnt]mse, A{]Imcw cq]t`Zw hcp¯nb cq]¯n am{Xw {]m_eyap-mbncn¡pItbm AYhm bmsXmcp
{]m_eyhpanÃmXncn¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xpw F¶ncp¶mepw A§s\bpÅ GsX¦nepw cq]t`Zs¸Sp¯tem
{]`mhiq\yam¡tem B N«¯n³Iogn ap³]v sNbvX bmsXm¶ns³dbpw km[yXbv¡v `wKw hcm¯
hn[¯nembncn¡p¶XpamWv.

(icn XÀÖa)
sI. am[h³\mbÀ,
\nbahIp¸v, AUojWÂ sk{I«dn.