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    Matrix Multiplication

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    Yousof Mohammed Al-Radi
    Matrix multiplication is defined by multiplying corresponding elements of rows and columns and summing the products. For matrices A and B to be multiplied, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. Matrix multiplication is associative and distributive, but not commutative in general. The product of block matrices is obtained by multiplying corresponding blocks.

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    Matrix Multiplication

    Uploaded by

    Yousof Mohammed Al-Radi
    60 views3 pages
    Matrix multiplication is defined by multiplying corresponding elements of rows and columns and summing the products. For matrices A and B to be multiplied, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. Matrix multiplication is associative and distributive, but not commutative in general. The product of block matrices is obtained by multiplying corresponding blocks.

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    Matrix multiplication is defined by multiplying corresponding elements of rows and columns and summing the products. For matrices A and B to be multiplied, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. Matrix multiplication is associative and distributive, but not commutative in general. The product of block matrices is obtained by multiplying corresponding blocks.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    60 views3 pages

    Matrix Multiplication

    Uploaded by

    Yousof Mohammed Al-Radi
    Matrix multiplication is defined by multiplying corresponding elements of rows and columns and summing the products. For matrices A and B to be multiplied, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. Matrix multiplication is associative and distributive, but not commutative in general. The product of block matrices is obtained by multiplying corresponding blocks.

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    Matrix Multiplication

    The product of two matrices and is defined as

    (1)

    Where is summed over for all possible values of and and the notation above uses the
    Einstein summation convention. The implied summation over repeated indices without the
    presence of an explicit sum sign is called Einstein summation, and is commonly used in both
    matrix and tensor analysis. Therefore, in order for matrix multiplication to be defined, the
    dimensions of the matrices must satisfy

    (2)

    Where denotes a matrix with rows and columns. Writing out the product explicitly,

    (3)

    where

    (4)
    (5)
    (6)
    (7)
    (8)
    (9)
    (10)
    (11)
    (12)

    Matrix multiplication is associative, as can be seen by taking


    (13)

    Where Einstein summation is again used. Now, since , , and are scalars, use the
    associativity of scalar multiplication to write

    (14)

    Since this is true for all and , it must be true that

    (15)

    That is, matrix multiplication is associative. Equation (13) can therefore be written

    (16)

    without ambiguity. Due to associativity, matrices form a semigroup under multiplication.

    Matrix multiplication is also distributive. If and are matrices and and are
    matrices, then

    (17)
    (18)

    Since matrices form an Abelian group under addition, matrices form a ring.

    However, matrix multiplication is not, in general, commutative (although it is commutative if


    and are diagonal and of the same dimension).

    The product of two block matrices is given by multiplying each block

    (19
    )

    SEE ALSO: Linear Transformation, Matrix, Matrix Addition, Matrix Inverse, Strassen Formulas

    REFERENCES:
    Arfken, G. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 178-179, 1985.

    Higham, N. "Exploiting Fast Matrix Multiplication within the Level 3 BLAS." ACM Trans. Math. Soft. 16, 352-

    368, 1990.

    CITE THIS AS:

    Weisstein, Eric W. "Matrix Multiplication." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.

    http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MatrixMultiplication.html

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