Pryda Timber Connectors

Nailplates Guide

A complete guide to the design, specification and installation of Pryda Nailplates March 2012

ESSENTIAL NOTES PRYDA PRODUCT GUIDES

INTRODUCTION
The information in this Product Guide is provided for use in Australia by architects, engineers, building designers, builders and others. It is based upon the following criteria: 1. No Substitution: The products covered by or recommended in this guide must not be substituted with other products. 2. Design Capacity Basis: See Codes & Standards following 3. Supporting Constructions: Constructions using Pryda products must be built in accordance with the BCA or an appropriate Australian standard. Note: This includes appropriate corrosion protection- See Corrosion Protection following 4. Correct Installation: Installation of Pryda products must be strictly in accordance with the instructions in this guide 5. Current Guide Version Used: The current version of this guide, including any amendments or additions, must be used. Users are advised to check with Pryda for updates at least every three months by telephone, the web site: www.pryda.com.au or by email to: info@pryda.com.au.

CORROSION PROTECTION
Most Pryda products are manufactured using Z275 light-gauge steel, having zinc coating of 275 gsm (total weight). This protection is adequate only for INTERNAL applications in most corrosion environments, except areas that are classified as heavy industrial or those subject to high humidity (eg: enclosed swimming pools) etc. Under these circumstances, seek advice from experts as special protection will be required. Note: INTERNAL areas are those within the building envelope that are kept permanently dry. AS1684.2-2010 and AS1684.3-2010- Australian Standards for Residential Timber Frame Construction stipulates a minimum Z275 steel for all sheet metal products used in an internal environment. In areas outside the building envelope that are exposed to repeated wetting (EXTERNAL areas), Prydas stainless steel products or equivalent should be considered. Some alternatives include hot dip galvanised or powder coated steel, which are not supplied by Pryda. For more detailed information, read Prydas Technical Update on Corrosion Resistance of Pryda Products or contact a Pryda office.

PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
Pryda Australia warrants: * Products in this guide are free from defects in the material or manufacturing * Design capacities are in accordance with test results or current, relevant Australian standards and the Building Code of Australia. * Pryda products are structurally adequate provided they are designed, installed and used completely in accordance with this guide. This warranty applies only to: * products in this guide * products used in the specified applications and not damaged after manufacture and supply * joints free from wood splitting, decay or other timber defects within the joint or within 150 mm of the joint.

CODES & STANDARDS

Product design capacities in this guide have been derived from: (a) results of laboratory tests carried out by or for Pryda Australia (b) engineering computations in accordance with the relevant Australian standards, ie: * AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures. Part 1: Design Methods * AS/NZS1170 series : 2002 Structural Design Actions * AS4055 -2006 Wind Loads for Housing Reference is also made to AS1684.1-1999 Residential Timber Framed Construction - Part 1: Design Criteria. Design capacities tabulated in this guide apply directly for Category 1 joints. For all other joints, reduce design capacities by using the factors as specified in General Notes (if applicable). Design capacities are related to the Joint Group of the timber as defined in AS1720 and AS1684. If the joint group of timber members joined together varies, the lower group must be assumed for design, eg: JD5 is lower than JD4.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION

These notes are provided to ensure proper installation. 1. All fasteners used must be manufactured by reputable companies and be of structural quality. 2. Connectors must not be installed on timber which is split before or during installation. If the timber is likely to split as fasteners are driven, fastener holes must be pre-drilled. 3. Do not overload the joints- during construction or in service. 4. Bolt hole diameter must be 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm larger than the bolt diameter and the specified washers must be installed. 5. Use proper safety equipment and due care in installing these connectors 6. Any gaps in joints between the timber members must not exceed 3 mm 7. Do not over-tighten screws.

DEFINITIONS
Special terms used in this guide are as defined in Australian standards, including: Design Capacity: the maximum Limit State Design load (aka action) which the product can safely support under the specified load condition, eg: 1.2G + 1.5Q (dead+roof live). See General Notes for details (if applicable) Joint Group: classification of a timber according to its fastenerholding capacity. See General Notes for details (if applicable)

Copyright: Pryda Australia - A Division of ITW Australia ABN 63 004 235 063 - 2012

Pryda Nailplates Guide

INDEX GENERAL NOTES
4
Useful Notes and Definitions for effective reading of this guide

CONNECTOR PLATES CORNER PLATE

5 6 7 9 10 12 12

Quick and easy butt joint connector

Bracket for right angle joints

KNUCKLE NAILPLATES STANDARD & SPECIAL

Hammer applied nailplates for many joint types Special types for specific uses

MININAIL

Claw Nailplate for simple butt joints

NAIL-ON PLATES POLE CATS

Connector plates for joints with Pryda Timber Connector Nails

Anti-split nailplates for ends of poles and posts

STRAP NAILS

Connector plates with built-in Claw Nails

Product Information Updates Information contained in this product guide is subject to change. The latest updates are available from www.pryda.com.au.

PRYDA TIMBER CONNECTORS Nailplates Guide

GENERAL NOTES
Timber Joint Groups
Joint groups for some common timber are tabulated below. A more comprehensive table is given in AS1720.1: 2010.
Timbers Oregon (Douglas fir) America Oregon from elsewhere Radiata pine, heart-excluded Radiata pine, heart-in Slash pine Ash type hardwoods from Vic, NSW highlands & Tas Non-Ash type hardwoods from Qld & NSW Strength Group Dry SD5 SD6 SD6 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 Green S5 S6 NA NA S5 S4 S3 Joint Group Dry JD4 JD5 JD4 JD5 JD3 JD3 JD2 Green J4 J5 NA NA J3 J3 J2

Design Loads & Capacities

The tabulated capacities are for Category 1 joints as described in Table 2.2 of AS1720.1:2010. For joints in other Categories, reduce design capacities by using the following factors: Category 2 Joints: Category 3 Joints: 0.94 0.88

Category 1 joints are defined in Table 2.2 AS1720.1:2010 as structural joints for houses for which failure would

be unlikely to affect an area of 25 sqm OR joints for secondary elements in structures other than houses.

Material Thickness

All material thicknesses referred to in this guide are the total coated thickness. This includes the zinc coating thickness, which is typically around 0.04mm for Z275 steel.

Where appropriate, 32x2.3 mm Duo-Fast C SHEG (ie: screw hardened electro galvanized) machine driven nails (code D40810) or equivalent may be used instead of the specified 35x3.15 mm Pryda Timber Connector Nails to fix Pryda connectors provided that:
20% more nails are used (eg: 5 instead of 4, 4 instead of 3, 3 instead of 2) or alternatively, design capacities are to be reduced by 20% where the same number of nails are used machine driven nails are driven at nail spacings and edge distances similar to the hole pattern but these nails are not driven into the holes.

Machine Driven Nail Use

Design Load Cases

Following is a description of the combined load cases adopted in this design guide. These load cases are in compliance with AS/NZS1170.0:2002 Structural design actions Part 0:General principles Load Case
1.35G 1.2G+1.5Qr 1.2G+1.5Qf 1.2G+Wd Wind Uplift (0.9G Wup)

Description
Permanent Action (or Dead Load) only Permanent and Roof Imposed Actions (or Dead & Roof Live) Permanent and Floor Imposed Actions (or Dead & Floor Live) Permanent and Wind down Actions (or Dead & Wind down) Permanent and Wind Up Actions (or Dead & Wind up)

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PRYDA TIMBER CONNECTORS Nailplates Guide

CONNECTOR PLATE
The versatile timber connector for timber construction

For maximum efficiency, use three 35 x 3.15 mm galvanised Pryda Timber Connector Nails each side of the joint.

Design Capacities

Limit State Design capacities per Pryda Connector Plate are tabulated below for fixing with three 35 x 3.15 mm galvanised Pryda Timber Connector Nails each side of the joint and loads applied parallel to the length of the plate.
Joint Group Design Capacity (Nj) (kN) for Load Case: 1.2G + 1.2G + 1.2G+Wd or 1.35G 1.5Qf 1.5Qr 0.9G - Wu 2.3 2.8 3.1 4.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.4

Features

JD3 JD4 JD5 J3 J4

Pryda Connector Plate is a quick, simple, economical and easy to use connector for jointing timber wall plates normally jointed by more time consuming conventional methods. The square slots allow for skew nailing when required.

Specification
Material Steel is 0.8 mm, G300-Z275 Galvanised 100 per carton, no nails.

Design Standard, AS1720.1:2010 using k1=1.14

Notes: 1. See General Notes (page 4) for load case descriptions 2. Wind Uplift capacities are based on the Timber

Product Code CPPQ Packing

Applications

Top plate corner connection

Intersection of top plates

Floor or ceiling joist or rafter. Slot allows for skew nailing

Post and beam connection

PRYDA NAILPLATES GUIDE MARCH 2012

Butt joint on top plate

Floor bearers at support points

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PRYDA TIMBER CONNECTORS Nailplates Guide

CORNER PLATE
Galvanised bracket for right angle joints Design Capacities

Limit State Design capacities per Pryda Corner Plate are tabulated below for fixing with four galvanised 35 x 3.15 mm Pryda Timber Connector Nails each side of the joint.

"B"

Directions of load capacities tabulated below

"A"

Design Capacity (Nj) (kN) for Load Case: 1.2G + 1.2G + 1.2G+Wd or 1.35G 1.5Qf 1.5Qr 0.9G - Wu Load direction A JD3 3.1 3.8 4.2 6.2 Group JD4 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.6 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.2 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 4.4 3.7 4.4 3.1 3.9 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.0 JD5 J3 J4

Joint

The Pryda Corner Plate is especially designed for jointing corner timbers in light framing applications such as gate frames, and also a wide range of other uses including wall frames, tops of pergola beams, furniture framing etc. Suitable for use as either left or right hand and either the vertical or horizontal position.

Features

Load direction B JD3 1.9 JD4 JD5 J3 J4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0

Specification
Material Steel is 1.6 mm, G300-Z275 Galvanised 150 per carton

Design Standard, AS1720.1:2010 using k1=1.14

Notes: 1. See General Notes (page 4) for load case descriptions 2. Wind Uplift capacities are based on the Timber

Product Code CPL Packing

Applications

The use of galvanised Pryda Timber Connector Nails 35 x 3.15 mm is recommended.

Dimensions

30 15 15 7 16 7 7 14

30

15

32 21 7 7 31.5 71.5 110 46

60

16 15 7

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KNUCKLE NAILPLATES STANDARD & SPECIAL
Hammer Fixed, Easy to Use Nailplates for Many Applications
As well as the standard flat plate will all nail columns punched, Knuckle Nailplates can be manufactured: (a) with columns of nails omitted for greater steel strength or for inclusion of a bolt hole (b) bent at right angles with the nails outside (external angle) or inside (internal angle) (c) in coils or bar stock which allow customers to cut off the lengths they require

Description

Knuckle Nailplates are available in a wide standard range as tabulated opposite. Larger sizes are available on request. Other forms of this plate could be developed given sufficient demand for the product.

Features

Pryda Knuckle Nailplates are galvanised steel connectors with in-built, bent-up knuckle nails. These plates are ideal for many structural and nonstructural timber jointing and timber protection uses. Applied simply by hammering in the knuckle nails, these plates are used by tradesmen, home owners, frame and box manufactures, electricity supply authorities and builders. Special pressing equipment is not necessary. Among the many uses of Knuckle Nailplates (see Applications following), the most common are: jointing of wall frames together on-site on-site splicing of timber beams reinforcement of corners of boxes and bins reinforcement of bolted joints (eg: in Cable Truss) truss manufacture in areas with low labour costs. Generally, Knuckle Nailplates: provide a strong, economical and easy-to-use means of jointing timber together protect timber from damage as they: - resist splitting due to drying of the timber, nailing near ends or other causes eg: Bin Straps - resist the effects of impact loads such as from fork lift tyne strikes - dissipate electricity current surges in cross arms over a larger area (eg: Shunt plates) distribute concentrated loads over a wider area. For example, they increase the strength of bolted joints. hold joints together, preventing or restricting the separation of nailed joints such as in boxes and crates, eg: Bin Straps.

The steel used is 1.0 mm thick, ZincForm G300 Z275 or equivalent. Product codes for non-special plates refer to the number of columns of nails and the number of rows. For example, a 4R8 has 4 rows and 8 columns.

Product details
Diagram Product Code Size (mm) R4 Nailplates TP4R4 TP6R4 R5 Nailplates MP4R5 MP6R5 R8 Nailplates MP4R8 MP6R8 MP8R8 33 wide x 127 190 38 wide x 127 190 67 wide x 127 190 254 100 66 Packaging Merchant Trade Pack Pack 133 89

66 44 33 100 50 33 26 33 22 16

R10 Nailplates 76 wide x MP2R10 63 TP3R10 95 MP4R10 127 MP6R10 190 MP8R10 254 R16 Nailplates 134 wide x MP4R16 127 MP6R16 199 MP8R16 254

66

Note: Merchant packs are individually barcoded.

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Knuckle Nailplates Standard & Special continued:
Diagram Product Code Size (mm) Bin Straps 8N5B1 64x190x44 Packaging 75

Equal
Shunt Plates 5N10 89 x 159 with hole 80

Equal

Single Plate Butt Jointing

3mm max.

Design Capacities for Pryda Knuckle Nailplates have been established from standard laboratory tests in accordance with AS 1649-2001 Timber Methods of test for mechanical fasteners and connectors - Basic working loads and characteristic strengths. Loads are related to the standard joint groups for timber defined in AS 1720.1 -2010 in Prydas Timber Data. Also read General Notes in page 4.

Properties

Equal

Equal

3mm max.

Double Plate Butt Jointing

Applications

Some of the many applications of Knuckle Nailplates are illustrated below:

Installation

Knuckle Nailplates are installed simply by hammering on the knuckles of all nails in each plate. It is recommended that the hammer be parallel to the length of the nails (see diagram below) to ensure full penetration of the nails.

Joining top plates (4R8)

Washer plate for Cable Truss

Hammer Parallel to Nails A natural arc or dovetail effect is created by the nails as they penetrate into the timber. This provides positive resistance to nail withdrawal. For butt jointing, Knuckle Nailplates are installed symmetrically over the joint, ie: with an equal length on each side (3 mm tolerance). For timber up to 150 mm wide, one plate is fixed onto each face; for wider timber, two plates are used, fixed at 3mm maximum from each edge.

Bin Strap (NBS)

Purlin or Joist Splice (4R5)

End Jointing (4R16, 6R10)

Shunt Plate (5N10)

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PRYDA TIMBER CONNECTORS Nailplates Guide

Knuckle Nailplates Standard & Special continued: Limit State Design capacities per Pryda Knuckle Nail are:
Load Direction Parallel Perp. Design Dead Load Capacity Nj (N) per Nail for Timber Joint Group: Green Timber Dry Timber J4 J3 J2 JD5 JD4 JD3 JD2 250 320 410 280 280 410 520 180 220 300 190 190 300 370

Design Capacities

In timber joint design, nails within 12 mm of ends or within 6 mm of edges are regarded as not effective. As the nail rows in these plates are 32 mm apart, all nails are effective in Knuckle Nailplates fixed symmetrical over the joint (3 mm tolerance).

Ineffective nails in pink areas

Butt joint

Notes: 1. Parallel in the above table applies to the case where the load is applied parallel to the nail slots in the plate and also parallel to the timber grain (see diagram below). Perpendicular applies where the load direction is not as defined for Parallel. 2. Limit State Design capacities do not include the capacity factor , ie: - 0.85 factor for joints in houses and on secondary beams in other structures. See AS 1720.1 Table 2.6 for other structures.

6 mm

24

Ineffective Nail Areas in Joints Steel Strength

Property

Ineffective nails in pink areas

6 mm

Load direction Parallel to nail slots and Parallel to timber grain

Perpendicular applies where the load direction is not as defined for Parallel.

Design Capacity, Nj (N/mm) per Pair of Plates Longitudinal Lateral 132 154 350 88

Tension Shear

To calculate the number of teeth per plate, multiply the first figure in the plate code by the second, eg: - for 4R8, teeth = 4x8 = 32 - for 8R16, teeth = 8x16 = 128 On an area basis, there are conservatively, 3.5 nails per 1000 mm of plate area.

The Design Capacities for Steel Strength includes a capacity reduction factor = 0.90

MININAIL

A pre-punched, mini nailplate for joining or connecting timber

Dimensions

The dimensions of Pryda Mini Nail are as shown below:

25 mm 50 mm

Features
Pre-punched nails Sharp tooth profile- penetrates readily into hardwoods and softwoods Can be used as a mini joiner for narrow timber or for fixing fabric/foil to timber Suitable for both trade use (eg: furniture manufacture) or handyperson application Manufactured from 1.0 mm G300-Z275 Galvanised steel.

Specification
Packing Code

Cartons 500 Merchant Packs of 7 x 30 2C1S (Bulk) MP2C1S (Merchant Pack)

Applications

Pryda Mininail is used for simple butt joints of timber of small sizes and for applications such as in furniture.

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NAIL-ON PLATES
Heavy duty pre-punched plates Pryda Nail-on Plate Features

Tension Shear Bending Pryda Nail-on Plates

Pryda Nail-on Plates are flat, galvanised or stainless steel plates which are nail-fixed to timber to form various types of joints. Their medium to high load capacities and wide range of sizes makes them ideally suited for on-site work, including: Joining trusses on-site that have been made in parts in the factory. Fixing trusses to poles Any heavy duty timber connection where a Knuckle nailplate will not suffice Joining beams Repair work over existing fixings. Pre-bent forms of Nail-on Plates are also available for use as cleats and brackets.

Specification
Size: Steel: Size range is shown in Design Capacities table. 1.0mm G300-Z275 galvanised steel 0.9mm in stainless steel

Product codes below are made up from: Width/Length, ie: Thickness: 75 mm width sizes: 100 mm width 126 mm width 150 mm width Packing: 1.0 mm thick NPA75/125, NPA75/190, NPA75/250, NPA75/315, NPA75/380 NPA100/190 NPA126/50 NPA150/250, NPA150/315 Approx. 1.2 square metre per carton

Installation

Use only 35 x 3.15mm galvanised Pryda Timber Connector Nails or equivalent nails with these connectors. Stainless steel nails must be used with stainless steel Nail-on plates. Number of Nail Holes per Plate Plate Width 75 100 126 150 Note: 50 125 24 Plate Length (mm) 190 250 36 48 48 96
2

315 60

380 72

15

120

Nail density is approx. one nail per 400 mm

Nails must be driven into all holes (ie: all holes filled), except for holes within 60 mm of timber ends and 15mm of timber edges, to achieve the full Design Capacities - see Design Capacities for a typical Splice Joint .

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Nail-On Plates continued: Limit State Design capacities for Pryda Nail-on Plates per pair of plates are as tabulated below with conditions: * All nail holes filled except within 60 mm of timber ends * Minimum edge distance to nail centre = 5D = 16 mm * Minimum edge distance plate to timber edge = 5 mm * Loading case = 1.2G +1.5Qr (Roof Live + Dead Load) * Nails within 60 mm of butt joint are neglected * Positioning tolerance along plate length = 3 mm

Design Capacities for a typical Splice Joint

63 mm Ineffective Half plate length +/- 3 mm

Plate Width (mm) 75x1.0 100x1.0 126x1.0 150x1.0 Notes

Minimum Timber Width (mm) 90 120 140 170

Design Capacity Nj (kN) for a pair of plates in JD4 timber Plate Length (mm) 50 125 N/S N/S 26.0 40.0 190 6.4 9.0 250 12.8 315 19.2 380 24.4 Steel Capacities Max Tension Max Shear 35.2 46.0 58.0 70.2 21.2 27.6 35.0 42.5

1. These design capacities apply directly for Category 1 joints as described in Table 2.2 of AS1720.1:2010. For Category 2 and Category 3 joints, multiply these capacities by 0.94 and 0.88 respectively. 2. The nail capacities (Nj) give n in the ta ble a bove is ca pa ble of re s is ting a re s ulta nt de s ign force arising from an axial tension and shear forces (i.e vector sum of the axial tension and shear forces). 3. The design capacities tabulated above apply directly to joints on JD4 timber for 1.2G+1.5Qr load case using k1 = 0.77. For other load cases and timber joint groups, multiply these capacities by the load factors given below. The resultant capacity must not exceed the maximum Steel Tension and Steel Shear values tabulated above. 4. N/S in the above table signifies that the plate is not suitable for a splice joint connection, due to ineffectiveness of nails resulting from end-distance violations. 5. The duration factor (k1) for wind load case in the table below is taken as 1.14, as specified in Table 2.3 of AS1720.1:2010.
6.

Pryda Timber Connector nails may be replaced by Type 17 screws to achieve greater capacities. The end/edge distance and spacing requirements for screws are different to nails and therefore should be specified by the designer.

Load Case: Factor: Joint group: Multiplier: J4

1.35G 0.74 J3 0.88

1.2G + 1.5Qf 0.90 J2 1.24

1.2G + Wd or 0.9G - Wu 1.48 JD3 1.4 JD2 1.8

JD5 0.83

0.62

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PRYDA TIMBER CONNECTORS Nailplates Guide

POLE CATS

Pryda Pole Cats are anti-split nailplates for timber poles and posts. Available in four sizes, from 150 mm to 300 mm diameter, most have a central hole to allow pole inspection. They are applied by hammering. PCAT150 - 150mm diameter PCAT200 - 200mm diameter PCAT250 - 250mm diameter PCAT300 - 300mm diameter See: Sales data.

STRAP NAILS

A toothed steel nailplate construction of timber

for

speedy

Product Code Carton Packs SN4C SN5 SN7 Bulk Packs SN5B SNL5C Merchant Packs* MPSN2 MPSN4C MPSN5 MPSN7 Notes: 1. Size is width x length. 2. * Individually bar-coded.

Size (mm) 38 x 90 50 x 100 75 x 100 50 x 100 50 x 150 25 x 100 38 x 90 50 x 100 75 x 100

Packed 100 100 100 300 70 180 75 75 50

Features

Pryda Strap Nails are a range of nailplates with prepunched Claw nails at each end. These connectors are: Designed for fast construction jointing of timber frames using a hammer. Suitable for all timbers as the sharp, twisted form of Claw nails penetrates into timber ranging from the lightest softwoods to the densest hardwoods. Time-saving and, therefore, cost-saving.

Applications

Some typical applications of Pryda Strap Nail are shown below:

Intersection of Top Plates Top Plate Corner Connection Top Plate Butt Joint Post and Beam Connection

Specification & Dimensions

All Strap Nails except SN4C and MPSN4C have their nails perpendicular to plate length. The steel used is 1.0 mm Zincform G300-Z275 or equivalent. G300 is the steel grade; Pryda Strap Nails are available in a range of sizes and quantities to suit timber from 25 to 120 mm wide as follows:

Floor Bearers at Supports Bottom Plate Butt Joint

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Design Capacities
Product Code Width mm SN2 SN4C SN5, SN5B SNL5C SN7 25 38 50 50 75

DESIGN DEAD LOAD (1.35G) CAPACITIES FOR STRAP NAILS - LOAD ALONG PLATE
Steel Cap. kN 2.9 4.6 5.7 7.2 8.6 Nail Dirn. To Load Perp. Parallel Perp. Perp. Perp. Nails Each End 10 12 16 20 30 Design Capacity Nj per Strap Nail (kN) for Timber Joint Group: J4 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 2.2 J3 1.1 2.2 1.8 2.2 3.3 J2 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 4.4 JD5 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.1 3.2 JD4 1.3 2.3 2.0 2.5 3.8 JD3 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 4.4 JD2 1.8 2.8 2.9 3.6 5.4

LOADING ALONG THE PLATE - Examples

Top Plate Butt Joint

ersection Top Plates
Top Plate Corn Connection
Notes

1. These design capacities apply directly for Category 1 joints as described in Table 2.2 of AS1720.1:2010. For Category 2 and Category 3 joints, multiply these capacities by 0.94 and 0.88 respectively. 2. The above capacities are given for 1.35G load case. For other load cases, increase capacities by multiplying with the corresponding factor tabulated below. However, design capacity must not exceed the value in the Steel Cap. column. Load Case: Factor: 1.2G + 1.5Qf 1.20 1.2G + 1.5Qr 1.35 1.2G + Wd or 0.9G - Wu 2.00

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