4.road Patterns

Road Patterns - Types of Road Patterns & Its Importance
There are various types of road patterns and each pattern has its own advantages and
limitations. The choice of the road pattern depends upon the various factors such as:
Locality
Layout of the different towns, villages, industrial and production centres.
Planning Engineer.
The various road patterns may be classified as follows:
1. Rectangular or loc! pattern
". Radial or #tar and bloc! Pattern
$. Radial or #tar and %ircular Pattern
&. Radial or #tar and 'rid Pattern
(. )e*agonal Pattern
+. ,inimum Travel Pattern
Rectangular or Block pattern:
-n this pattern, the whole area is divided into rectangular bloc!s of plots, with streets
intersecting at right angles. The main road which passes through the center of the area
should be sufficiently wide and other branch roads may be comparatively narrow. The
main road is provided a direct approach to outside the city.
Advantages:
1. The rectangular plots may be further divided into small rectangular bloc!s for
construction of buildings placed bac! to bac!, having roads on their front.
". The construction and maintenance of roads of this pattern is comparatively
easier.
Limitations:
1. This pattern is not very much convenient from traffic point of view, because at
the intersections, the vehicles face each other.
Eample: %ity roads of %handigarh has rectangular pattern
Radial or !tar and "lock Pattern:
-n this pattern, the entire area is divided into a networ! of roads radiating from the
business outwardly. -n between radiating main roads, the built.up area may be
planned with rectangular bloc!.
Advantages:
1. Reduces level of congestion at the primary bottlenec! location.
". Prevents traffic from accessing local flow routes in the direction of the event
venue that operate in favor of egress traffic flow.
$. -f one road is bloc!ed, traffic can move on other.
&. /ehicles face each other less than bloc! pattern.
Limitations:
1. Proves particularly effective if two.lane ramp traffic does not have to merge at
downstream end of ramp.
". #afety appurtenances such as guide rail transitions, crash attenuators, and post
support bases have not been designed to provide ade0uate protection at
ha1ardous locations from the opposite direction of travel.
Eample: %handigarh has rectangular pattern
1
Radial or !tar and #ircular Pattern:
-n this system, the main radial roads radiating from central business area are
connected together with concentric roads. -n these areas, boundary by ad2acent radial
roads and corresponding circular roads, the built.up area is planned with a curved
bloc! system.
Advantages:
1. 3t traditional intersections with stop signs or traffic signals, some of the most
common types of crashes are right.angle, left.turn, and head.on collisions.
These types of collisions can be severe because vehicles may be traveling
through the intersection at high speeds. 4ith circular pattern, these types of
potentially serious crashes essentially are eliminated because vehicles travel in
the same direction.
". -nstalling circular pattern in place of traffic signals can also reduce the
li!elihood of rear.end crashes.
$. Removing the reason for drivers to speed up as they approach green lights and
by reducing abrupt stops at red lights.
&. ecause roundabouts improve the efficiency of traffic flow, they also reduce
vehicle emissions and fuel consumption.
Limitations:
1. %enter lines of roads leading to circular pattern should be properly aligned
with the central island.
". 3pproach roads should be sufficiently curved, far enough in advance of
circular pattern, to reduce vehicle speeds of entering drivers.
$. -slands separating the approach and e*it lanes, !nown as splitter islands,
should e*tend far enough to provide pedestrian refuge and to delineate the
roundabout.
&. Traffic signs, pavement mar!ings, and lighting should be ade0uate so that
drivers are aware that they are approaching a roundabout and that they should
reduce their travel speed.
(. 5or older drivers declines in vision, hearing, and cognitive functions, as well
as physical impairments, may affect some older adults6 driving ability.
-ntersections can be especially challenging for older drivers.
Eamples: Road networ! of %onnaught Place in 7ew 8elhi
Radial or !tar and $rid Pattern :
%hange in direction, and because street patterns are the most enduring physical
element of any layout, it could potentially contribute to systematic site planning and,
conse0uently, deserves a closer loo!. Though the networ! is entirely interconnected,
north.south movement becomes circuitous, indirect, and inconvenient, ma!ing driving
an unli!ely choice and vividly illustrating that interconnectedness by itself is
insufficient to facilitate movement.
Advantages:
1. 9eep vehicular traffic safe with a high proportion of $.way intersections.
". Reduce cut.through traffic by similar or other means.
$. -mprove traffic flow in both directions using #avannah:s cellular structure.
&. -mprove land use efficiency and unit density.
Limitations:
1. -slands separating the approach and e*it lanes, !nown as splitter islands,
should e*tend far enough.
"
". Traffic signs, pavement mar!ings, and lighting should be ade0uate so that
drivers are aware that they should reduce their travel speed.
Eamples: The 7agpur road plan formulae were prepared on the assumption of 'rid
pattern.
%eagonal Pattern :
-n this pattern, the entire area is provided with a networ! of roads forming he*agonal
figures. 3t each corner of the he*agon, three roads meet. The built.up area bounded
by the sides of the he*agons is further divided in suitable si1es.
Advantages:
1. Three roads meet the built.up area boundary by the sides of the he*agons.
Limitations:
1. Traffic signs, pavement mar!ings, and lighting should be ade0uate so that
&inimum Travel Pattern:
-n this road pattern, city ;city centre< is contented by sector centers, suburban centers
and neighborhood centers by the road which re0uired minimum to connect the city
center.
Advantages:
1. These types of potentially serious crashes essentially are eliminated.
Limitations:
1. Traffic signs, pavement mar!ings, and lighting should be ade0uate so that
". -ntersections can be especially challenging for older drivers.
Linear Pattern
-n this type of pattern the roads grow linearly in one direction possibly due to the
presence of some natural forces such as sea or ocean at one side of the city.
Legend: #ity center ' encircled dot- sector center - ( su"ur"an center - ( neig)"or)ood center - (
representation of a &inimum Travel city
*+TE: -f the city is being planned from scratch, some pattern can be given. -n most
of the cities, some of the pattern already e*ists and one has to go with them.
,inimum travel pattern: -n this type, city is divided into number of nodal points
around a central portion by forming sectors. 3nd each sector is divided again in such a
way that from each of the nodal centre, the distance to the central place is minimum.
$

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Road Patterns - Types of Road Patterns & Its Importance

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