Paradigm of The Study

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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FIGURE 1
VARIOUS HEALTH ISSUES OF WOMEN APPROACING RETIREMENT AGE (50-65)

Various Health Issues of Women
Approaching Retirement Age

An Implication for Nursing Practice
RESPONDENTS: Aged 50-65, employed female,
working in Angeles City
SELECTED FACTORS
I. Profile of respondents
a. Age
b. Civil Status
c. Economic Status
II. Description of health issue
a. Physical
b. Mental
c. Emotional
d. Social
e. Spiritual
III. Interference of health issues on
the lives of women as to:
a. Physical well-being
b. Diet
c. Work
d. Finances
e. Marital, sexual and family
relations
f. Recreation and social
relations
g. Other aspects of life

I. Acquisition of consent from
the different institutions and
to the respondents
II. Pre-survey
III. Validation of questionnaire
IV. Pilot Study
V. Gathering of data through use
of a questionnaire
VI. Dissemination of
questionnaires to women
approaching retirement age
VII. Analysis and interpretation of
data

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
Growing old gracefully and healthy are the dreams of everyone
past the age of forty, whether male or female.
-Dr. Joan Tan Garcia, Section Chief in St. Lukes Medical Hospital

Every person wants to have a healthy life upon reaching the middle age. Although
not caused by age, health conditions and health-related problems increase in prevalence
across the adult life-span. According to Charles (2009), reductions in reserve capacity
and general physiological declines make older adults particularly vulnerable to threats on
their physical health.

Many health concerns are facing today's women. Heart disease, cancer and stroke
top the list (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Moreover, disability and poor health are preventing
nearly half a million people who are close to retirement from working (Reed Business
Association, 2013). Why is womens health so important? First, women make up 51% of
the population. In addition, women are living longer and are encountering more and more
health challenges. In the past, womens health research focused on fertility and
reproduction, while research regarding other diseases focused on men. Even now, women
are diagnosed and treated based on clinical studies that involve only men. Thus, it is
important to identify this inequitable situation so that women can be diagnosed and
treated accordingly (Lippincott William & Wilkins, 2004).
CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATON, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data obtained in the process of data collection, which
were subjected to statistical treatment. It includes a narrative presentation and discussion
of results and implication that are subsequently followed by tables.

I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE

Table 1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents
according to age.

The table illustrates that out of the 146 respondents, 67 (45.9%) belongs to 55-59
age bracket, 53 (35.6%) belongs to the 50-54 age cohort, while 27 (18.5%) belongs to 60-
65 age bracket.

Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
50-54 52 35.6%
55-59 67 45.9%
60-65 27 18.5%
TOTAL 146 100%

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter of the study presents the different literatures available to the
researchers that had implications to the current study. It is acquainted with the concepts
of health issues and women approaching retirement age.

RELATED LITERATURE
LI FE TRANSI TI ONS
Life transitions do not happen only to specific age cohorts but are constant
drivers for change in individuals lives. Life-cycle events such as the birth,
graduation, marriage, and death of one's peers change peoples lives. This means that
at any point in a persons life, previously made plans and interests may collide with
changes brought by transitions.

For many Americans, the midcourse years are a progression of moving from
planning and talking about retirement possibilities to exiting ones primary career job,
moving into unpaid volunteer work or a second or third (paid) career, caring for aging or
infirm relatives, becoming eligible for Social Security and Medicare, developing
concerns about ones health, and, finally, leaving the workforce altogether. All these
changes occur in tandem with witnessing ones children grow up, marry or not, start
families or not, become economically self-sufficient or not. Simultaneously, ones

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the methods and procedures that were used in gathering,
analyzing and interpreting data. It includes the research design, research locale, the
respondents, research instruments, data collection and data processing and analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is a term used to identify how the researcher will structure a plan
to obtain the data to answer the research question

In this study, the researchers used quantitative descriptive research design.
Quantitative research is the investigation of phenomena that lend precise measurement
and quantification, often involving a rigorous and controlled design. While descriptive
research design is a research that typically has as its main objective the accurate portrayal
of peoples characteristics or circumstances and/or the frequency with which certain
phenomena occur (Polit and Beck, 2012). The researchers used quantitative descriptive
research to obtain information concerning the current health issues of the women
approaching retirement age with respect to variables or conditions in a situation and to
generate numerical data or data that can be converted into numbers.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

The overriding purpose of this study was to determine the health issues of women
approaching retirement age in Angeles City. To accomplish that goal it became
necessary to reach some prerequisite goals.

The respondents to be considered eligible respondents were chosen based from
the following criteria: they should be females aging 50-65 years old and are working in
Angeles City, and they should not be self-employed women and women who already
retired before reaching the age of 65. The number of respondents was determined through
purposive sampling wherein all of the possible respondents will be acknowledged,
considering the criteria set by the researchers.

Prior to the conduct of the actual data gathering, several steps were undertaken.
The researchers conducted the pre-survey in Magalang. They formulated the
questionnaire and conducted their pilot study in the City of San Fernando. The results
underwent Cronbachs analysis to determine its reliability. After that, the actual data
gathering began. These include the approval of the dean of Angeles University
Foundation, College of Nursing, the approval and consent of the different heads of the
selected institutions and even pilot study.

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PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

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