Nutrition Chapter 1

Food Choices and Human
Health
Chapter 1
Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney
Introduction
Nutrition
Science
Studying
nutrition
Why
care about nutrition?

What are the nutrients in food?
What constitutes a nutritious diet?
How do we know what we know about
nutrition?
How do people go about making changes?
A Lifetime of Nourishment
Chosen foods have a cumulative effect

Good
health and poor health
Your body continuously renews itself

Best foods
Support
your body s growth &

maintenance
Malnutrition
Deficiencies,
imbalances, and excesses
The Diet and Health Connection
Influential
lifestyle habits
Tobacco
use,
alcohol use,
nutritional
choices
Chronic
diseases
Connection
with poor diet

Genetics and Individuality

Genetics and nutrition affect diseases to
varying degrees
Human genome
DNA
Genes
Other Lifestyle Choices

Tobacco & alcohol
use
Substance abuse
Physical activity
Sleep
Stress
Environmental
factors
Healthy People 2020, Selected

Objectives
Healthy People 2020, Selected

Objectives
Elements in the Six Classes of

Nutrients
Meet the Nutrients
Energy-yielding nutrients
Carbohydrates 4 cal/g
Fats 9 cal/g
Proteins 4 cal/g
Vitamins and minerals
Provide no energy
Some are essential
Water
Essential nutrients-body cannot make; need
from diet
Adequate Nutrients Without

Excessive Calories
Evaluate nutrient density
Time for food preparation
Vegetables
have high nutrient density
Options
Foods
to save time
to avoid
Combining foods into meals
A Way to Judge Which Foods Are

Most Nutritious
Can I Live on Just Supplements?
Real food is superior to supplements

Nutrient
interactions
Phytochemicals
Physical
contributions
contributions
Psychological
The Abundance of Foods to

Choose From
Whole foods
Typical
consumption
Fruits
Vegetables
Types of foods
Fast,
processed,
functional, staple
How, Exactly, Can I Recognize a

Nutritious Diet?
Five
characteristics
Adequacy
Balance
Calorie
control
Moderation
Variety
Why People Choose Foods

Eating is an intentional act
Cultural and social meanings of food
Traditional
cuisines and foodways

competence
Vegetarian or omnivore
Cultural
Why People Choose Foods
Factors that drive food choice

Taste
and price
Convenience
Other
factors
Advertising, availability, emotional
comfort
Habit, preference, social pressure
Values, weight, nutrition/health benefits
The Science of Nutrition
Nutrition
Field
of knowledge composed of
organized facts
Active, changing, and growing body of
knowledge
The scientific approach
Scientific challenge
Systematic
process to answer questions
Theories
Types of Studies
Case study
Epidemiological study
Examples
Correlation
Intervention study
Blind
studies
Laboratory study
Example
Examples of Research Design
Can I Trust the Media to Deliver

Nutrition News?
Training of news media

Sensationalism
Be a trend watcher
Read news with an educated eye
Published
in peer-reviewed journal
Description of research methods &
subjects
Findings presented in context of previous
research
National Nutrition Research
National Health and Nutrition Examination

Surveys (NHANES)
What
people eat
of health status
Recording
Changing Behaviors
Behavior change takes substantial effort

Process of change
Six
stages
Taking stock and setting goals

Realistic
goals
and achievable
Specific behaviors
Small
Sorting the Imposters from the

Real Nutrition Experts
Controversy 1
Information Sources
Quackery
Sources of nutrition information
Television
and magazines
Nutrition-related products and services
Identifying quackery
Billions
in customer dollars
Earmarks of Nutrition Quackery
Information Sources
Characteristics of scientific research

Properly
designed scientific experiments

of anecdotal evidence
Animal findings applied to humans
Careful with generalizations
Report of findings in scientific journals
Inadequacy
Credible Source of Nutrition

Information
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

National Center for Nutrition & Dietetics
National Council Against Health Fraud
www.eatright.org/ncnd.html
www.ncahf.org
Federal Trade Commission

www.ftc.org
Nutrition on the Net
Judging website credibility

Who
is responsible for the site?

the names and credentials of
information providers appear?
Are links with other reliable information
sites provided?
Is the site updated regularly?
Is the site selling a product or service?
Does the site charge a fee to gain access?
Do
Who Are the True Nutrition

Experts?
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Registered
dietitian (RD)
diabetes educator
Public health nutritionist
Dietetic technician
Dietetic technician registered
Certified
10
Detecting Fake Credentials
Credentials
Accredited
institution
Licensing
11

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Food Choices and Human

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

care about nutrition?

Chosen foods have a cumulative effect

health and poor health

Your body continuously renews itself

your body s growth &

imbalances, and excesses

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

The Diet and Health Connection

with poor diet

Genetics and Individuality

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Other Lifestyle Choices

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Healthy People 2020, Selected

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Healthy People 2020, Selected

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Elements in the Six Classes of

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Meet the Nutrients

Vitamins and minerals

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Adequate Nutrients Without

Evaluate nutrient density

Time for food preparation

have high nutrient density

Combining foods into meals

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

A Way to Judge Which Foods Are

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Can I Live on Just Supplements?

Real food is superior to supplements

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

The Abundance of Foods to

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

How, Exactly, Can I Recognize a

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Why People Choose Foods

cuisines and foodways

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Why People Choose Foods

Factors that drive food choice

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

The Science of Nutrition

The scientific approach

process to answer questions

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Examples of Research Design

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Can I Trust the Media to Deliver

Training of news media

National Nutrition Research

National Health and Nutrition Examination

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney

Behavior change takes substantial effort

Taking stock and setting goals

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 13th edition, Sizer & Whitney