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    Gigantochloa Apus

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    Esa Valian Gogiadanta
    Gigantochloa apus is a strongly tufted bamboo native to Meghalaya, India and Myanmar that is widely cultivated in Java. It grows in lowland areas along river banks or hill slopes up to 1500 meters above sea level. The culms are bright green or yellow, hollow at the base, and 2.5-9 cm in diameter. G. apus is an important bamboo for handicraft, furniture, and construction industries in Java, where it is used for roofing, scaffolding, bridges, and walls.

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    Gigantochloa Apus

    Uploaded by

    Esa Valian Gogiadanta
    153 views3 pages
    Gigantochloa apus is a strongly tufted bamboo native to Meghalaya, India and Myanmar that is widely cultivated in Java. It grows in lowland areas along river banks or hill slopes up to 1500 meters above sea level. The culms are bright green or yellow, hollow at the base, and 2.5-9 cm in diameter. G. apus is an important bamboo for handicraft, furniture, and construction industries in Java, where it is used for roofing, scaffolding, bridges, and walls.

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    Gigantochloa apus is a strongly tufted bamboo native to Meghalaya, India and Myanmar that is widely cultivated in Java. It grows in lowland areas along river banks or hill slopes up to 1500 meters above sea level. The culms are bright green or yellow, hollow at the base, and 2.5-9 cm in diameter. G. apus is an important bamboo for handicraft, furniture, and construction industries in Java, where it is used for roofing, scaffolding, bridges, and walls.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    153 views3 pages

    Gigantochloa Apus

    Uploaded by

    Esa Valian Gogiadanta
    Gigantochloa apus is a strongly tufted bamboo native to Meghalaya, India and Myanmar that is widely cultivated in Java. It grows in lowland areas along river banks or hill slopes up to 1500 meters above sea level. The culms are bright green or yellow, hollow at the base, and 2.5-9 cm in diameter. G. apus is an important bamboo for handicraft, furniture, and construction industries in Java, where it is used for roofing, scaffolding, bridges, and walls.

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    Gigantochloa apus

    Gigantochloa apus (Bl. ex Schult.f.)


    Kurz, Tijdschr Ned. Ind. 27: 226.
    1868; Parker, Indian For. 57: 108.
    1931; Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo
    93.1992. (Fig. 47).
    Bambusa apus Bl. ex Schult. f., Syst.
    Veg. 7: 1353. 1830. Gigantochloa
    takserah Camus, Les Bambusees
    141. 1913; Blatter, Indian For. 55.
    591. 1929. Gigantochloa
    kurzii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
    Calcutta 7: 65, t. 56.1896.

    Fig. 47. G. apus. A - leafy twig with


    flowering branch; B - flowering branch; C culm-sheath; D - spikelet; E & F - empty
    glumes; G - palea; H - staminal tube and
    stamens around the pistil; I - pistil.

    DESCRIPTION
    Strongly tufted bamboo with erect drooping culms. Culms bright green or
    yellow, hollow at the base, 2.5-9 cm diameter, wall thickness 6-13 mm, little
    swollen at the nodes and constricted between the nodes. Culm-sheaths 35-45
    cm with small rounded auricle; blade curved up towards middle, very acute,
    dark brown with spreading white soft hairs outside, inside glabrous, old
    sheaths persistent, yellowish and brown. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10-15 cm
    long and 1.5-2 cm broad, petiole short. Inflorescence very large pseudopanicle; apparently leafless, with finely hairy axes and clusters of up to 20
    pseudo-spikelets. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate, acute, straight, distinctly laterally
    compressed; glumes 4-5; lemmas shortly mucronate below, apex with long
    dark brown cilia; palea 4-5-nerved; keels ciliate. Staminal tube longer than
    palea, anthers dark purple, 8-18 mm, connective prolonged into ca.1 mm,
    hairy, acute at tip. Ovary oblong with densely long hairy apex; style with
    upwardly directed hairs. Caryopsis ovate oblong with long attenuate furrow on
    one side.

    FLOWERING
    Kurz recorded flowering of this species in 1878 from Tenasserim in Myanmar.
    DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
    This species is distributed in Meghalaya (Garo hills). Holttum (1958) mentioned
    that this bamboo was probably native in Tenasserim, Myanmar and introduced
    a long time ago in Java and now it is widely cultivated. G. apus grows well
    either on sandy soil or clay soil. It grows in the lowland along river banks or on
    hill slopes upto 1500 m above sea level. This bamboo grows in open areas or
    disturbed forests.
    ANATOMY
    Macrohairs in the leaf lamina none, microhairs few, distal cell 36-43 m.
    Prickle hairs numerous 23-63 m long. Papillae 4-8 long, 2-6 short overarching
    the individual stoma. Stomata in 2-3 files, outlines obscured by overarching
    long papillae. Long cells in 5-7 files on inter costal zone. In T.S. of leaf lamina,
    four small vascular bundles on the adaxial side and four on abaxial side and a
    large vascular bundle in the middle of the midrib are seen. In the culm
    epidermis short cells mostly rectangular to trapezoid, papillae none. Stomata
    50 m x 25 m wide. Long cells 170-290 m long, rectangular, sometimes with
    tapering ends with slightly wavy walls (Widjaja, 1987).
    CHEMISTRY
    Chemical composition of the culm has holocellulose 52.1 per cent; ash 2.7-2.9
    per cent; silica 1.8-5.2 per cent; solibility in cold water 5.2 per cent; in hot water
    5.4-6.4 per cent; in alcohol benzene 1.4-3.2 per cent and in one per cent
    NaOH 21.2-25.1 per cent. Starch content fluctuates between 0.24-0.71 per
    cent based on the season. Nodes contain deposits of silicic acid.
    SILVICULTURE
    Multiple shoot production and rooting are induced from nodes and shoots
    respectively by tissue culture method. Callusing is reported from the leaf
    (Zamora, 1994).
    PESTS AND DISEASES
    Culm rot caused by Encoelia helvola and Witches broom caused by Epichole
    bambusae are reported. Dinoderus minutus is the most serious borer attacking
    harvested culms.

    PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES


    The strength properties of this species were tested in green (Moisture content
    54.3%) and in air dry (M.C 15.1%) condition. Average MOR 102.0 in green and
    87.5 N/mm2 in air dry, maximum crushing stress varies from 21.73 to 26.50 in
    green and 27.29 to 48.64 kN/mm 2 in air dry. Average tensile strength was
    294.1 in green and 298.9 kN/mm2 in air dry. Average shear strength in green
    varied from 5.99 to 7.68 whereas in air dry it was 7.47 to 7.65
    kN/mm2 (Prawirohatmodjo, 1990).
    USES
    Gigantochloa apus is the most important bamboo in Java, especially in the
    handicraft and furniture industries. Moreover, it is used extensively for building
    materials such as roofing, scaffolding, bridges walls etc. This bamboo is
    called Bambu tali by most Indonesians, because it is the best bamboo used for
    making string.

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