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    Anatomy & Physiology of The Endocrine System (Pancreas & Thyroid Gland)

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    Joanna Duapa
    The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is the "master gland" that controls other glands. The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, and glucagon, which increases blood sugar. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which control the body's metabolic rate.

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    Anatomy & Physiology of The Endocrine System (Pancreas & Thyroid Gland)

    Uploaded by

    Joanna Duapa
    163 views5 pages
    The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is the "master gland" that controls other glands. The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, and glucagon, which increases blood sugar. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which control the body's metabolic rate.

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    DM1 & THYROOID STORM

    Original Title

    Anatomy & Physiology

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    The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is the "master gland" that controls other glands. The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, and glucagon, which increases blood sugar. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which control the body's metabolic rate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    163 views5 pages

    Anatomy & Physiology of The Endocrine System (Pancreas & Thyroid Gland)

    Uploaded by

    Joanna Duapa
    The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is the "master gland" that controls other glands. The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, and glucagon, which increases blood sugar. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which control the body's metabolic rate.

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    Anatomy & Physiology of the Endocrine system

    (Pancreas & Thyroid Gland)

    Maintains homeostasis by releasing chemicals called HORMONES.


    Controls prolonged or continuous processes such as growth and development,
    reproduction and metabolism.
    Power of the second great controlling system of the body.
    Small and unimpressive
    Bits and pieces of endocrine tissue are tuck away in widely separated regions of
    the body.
    Endocrine are true GIANTS.
    The key to the incredible power of the Endocrine Gland is
    HORMONE A chemical substance that are secreted by cells into the
    Extracellular fluid and regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body.

    Mechanism of Hormone Action


    A given hormone affects only certain tissue cells or organs
    TARGET CELLS or TARGET ORGANS
    Specific protein receptor must be present.
    In order for that hormone to ATTACH or BIND.
    If bindings occurs HORMONE influence the WORKINGS of a cell.

    HORMONE
    Hormone is from the Greek word meaning to arouse
    They arouse or bring about their effects on the bodys cells primarily by altering
    cellular activity.
    That is by releasing increase or decrease the rate of a normal or usual, metabolic
    process rather than stimulating a new one.

    PITUITARY GLAND

    It is approximately the size of a grape.


    It has two functional lobes
    Anterior Pituitary
    Several Anterior Pituitary hormones that affect many body
    organs.
    Growth & prolactin hormone
    Thyrotrophic, Adrenocorticotropic and two gonadotropic
    hormones.
    Posterior Pituitary
    The Anterior Pituitary gland controls the activity of so many other endocrine
    glands that it has often been called Master Endocrine Gland.
    With the help of releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the
    hypothalamus.

    PANCREAS

    It is about 15cm (6in) long.


    Widest section is called the head.
    The narrowest is called tail.
    The middle section is called the body.
    The pancreas is made up of exocrine cells endocrine cells.
    Aids for digestion Exocrine cells
    Islets/ Islets of Langerhans
    There are 3 cells ALPHA,BETA,DELTA cells
    Alpha cells secrets Glucagon
    Beta cells secretes Insulin
    Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood when blood sugar is high.
    Glucagon Increases the amount of sugar in the blood when the blood sugar is
    low.

    THYROID GLAND

    Located base of the throat, just inferior to the Adams apple.


    It is easily palpated during a physical examination.
    It consist of two lobes joined by a central mass or isthmus.
    Thyroid Gland produces two hormones Thyroid hormone and calcitonin.

    THYROID HORMONE

    Referred to as the bodys major metabolic hormone.


    An active iodine-containing hormones.
    Thyroxine or T4 and tri-iodothyronine or T3.
    THYROXINE Is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid follicles.
    Controls the rate at which glucose is burned or iodized.
    And converted to body heat and chemical energy.

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