Performance EvaluatiReformson of Hospital Employees-1811

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)
Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (19-27), Month: April - June 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Performance Evaluation of Hospital Employees

through Ongoing Appraisal Systems
Pratik Kumar Kundu
The Indian Institute of Planning & Management
Abstract: This paper considers the significance of dedicated and selfless performance of employees, associated with
the dynamic healthcare industry (especially hospitals, nursing homes and diagnostic centers) and consequent
periodic evaluation of their KRAs by the Management and peers within the system. Emphasis is first placed on the
essence for performance appraisal in a hospital, and its linkage to business strategy. Secondly, the globally
accepted methodologies for mapping employee performance are introduced. These protocols invite employee
engagement; aligns their goals and output with their assigned responsibilities within a hospital. Besides, focus has
been asserted on the performance execution aspect by managers / supervisors, for effective patient service and
quality care, which should be the mission of a multispecialty tertiary care healthcare establishment.
Keywords: dynamic healthcare industry, performance of employees.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Managing employee performance is an integral part of the work that all managers and rating officials perform throughout
the year. It is as important as managing financial resources and program outcomes because employee performance or the
lack thereof, has a profound effect on both the financial and program components of any organization. The Department of
the Interiors performance management policy is designed to document the expectations of individual and organizational
performance, provide a meaningful process by which employees can be rewarded for noteworthy contributions to the
organization, and provide a mechanism to improve individual/organizational performance as necessary. To accomplish
these objectives, managers need to identify organizational goals to be accomplished, supporting the overall strategic
mission and Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) goals of the Department, monitor and evaluate employee
performance, and use performance as a basis for appropriate personnel actions, including rewarding noteworthy
performance and taking action to improve less than successful performance.
Performance appraisal as a performance mapping tool:
The Office of Personnel Management defines performance management as the systematic process of:
planning work and setting expectations
continually monitoring performance
developing the capacity to perform
periodically rating performance in a summary fashion
rewarding good performance
It is a powerful tool to calibrate, refine and reward the performance of the employee. It helps to analyze his achievements
and evaluate his contribution towards the achievements of the overall organizational goals. By focusing the attention on
performance, performance appraisal goes to the heart of personnel management and reflects the managements interest in
the progress of the employees.
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Research Publish Journals

E Performance management:
The online performance evaluation process assists in providing timely and relevant work related information from both
within and outside the hospital. Following are the benefits:
performance tracking and reporting
external benchmarking
knowledge / experience acquisition
corporate performance analysis
employee engagement and dedication
manpower retention
HRMS integration
According to James Rolio (2001), performance management is the process of continuously attracting, developing and
retaining talented employees. In his pocket guide book, entitled Performance Management, he provides superiors, work
groups and HR professionals, guidelines for planning, counseling, mentoring, appraising and recognizing employee
productivity.
Grote (2002) reveals the fact that managers are responsible for creating conditions that motivate the employees,
eliminating performance problems, providing development opportunities, and reinforcing effective behavior as these are
prerequisites for increased patient satisfaction level and grievance handling. Besides, employees should be provided
coherent instructions regarding their objectives, training and a depiction of how they will be evaluated regarding their
performance for a specified time period; as per Nance Nash (2006).
Feedback process:
As per the observation by a Peter McLaughlin (2007) analysis, the vitality of feedback conversations between employees
and managers is as follows:
openness and clarity in the workplace
establish energy and optimization
focus on specifics
exhibit acknowledgement, appreciation and thankfulness
confront organizational politics and non performance / subdued productivity
remember it is a dialogue, not a monologue
Encourage, support, energize and synergize.
Steelman et al. (2004) found that employees are motivated to alter or change their job performance when they receive
negative feedback from a credible source, or is of high quality or is delivered in a constructive or considerate manner.
Eliminating poor performance:
Given the fact that hospitals around the world rests on the pillar of genuine patient care and quality treatment facilities,
non performance or poor performance needs to be dealt with priority. Providing negative feedback only at the time of
annual or quarterly performance review could lead to employee resignation or quitting work without actually quitting the
job. Henceforth, as per Lee (2006), improved performance occurs only through continual coaching, guidance, training
and employee support.
Moreover, employers should believe in offering feedback in a non judgmental and non threatening manner as
expressing disappointment and anger could be non productive.
However, after repeated warning and necessary training / counseling, specific action should be taken against the employee
/ employees (as per the organizational policies), if disinterest and poor performance persists.
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2.
PROCESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
Establishing performance standards:

The first step in the process of performance appraisal is the setting up of the standards which will be used to as the base to
compare the actual performance of the employees. This step requires setting the criteria to judge the performance of the
employees as successful or unsuccessful and the degrees of their contribution to the organizational goals and objectives.
The standards set should be clear, easily understandable and in measurable terms. In case the performance of the
employee cannot be measured, great care should be taken to describe the standards.
Communicating the standards:
Once set, it is the responsibility of the management is to communicate the standards to all the employees of the
organization.
The employees should be informed and the standards should be clearly explained to the employees. This will help them to
understand their roles and to know what exactly is expected from them. The standards should also be communicated to the
appraisers or the evaluators and if required, the standards can also be modified at this stage itself according to the relevant
feedback from the employees or the evaluators.
Measuring the actual performance:
The most difficult part of the Performance appraisal process is measuring the actual performance of the employees that is
the work done by the employees during the specified period of time. It is a continuous process which involves monitoring
the performance throughout the year. This stage requires the careful selection of the appropriate techniques of
measurement, taking care that personal bias does not affect the outcome of the process and providing assistance rather
than interfering in an employees work.
Comparing actual performance with the desired performance:
The actual performance is compared with the desired or the standard performance. The comparison tells the deviations in
the performance of the employees from the standards set. The result can show the actual performance being more than the
desired performance or, the actual performance being less than the desired performance depicting a negative deviation in
the organizational performance. It includes recalling, evaluating and analysis of data related to the employees
performance.
Discussing the result:
The result of the appraisal is communicated and discussed with the employees on one-to-one basis. The focus of this
discussion is on communication and listening. The results, the problems and the possible solutions are discussed with the
aim of problem solving and reaching consensus. The feedback should be given with a positive attitude as this can have an
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effect on the employees future performance. The purpose of the meeting should be to solve the problems faced and
motivate the employees to perform better.
Decision making:
The last step of the process is to take decisions which can be taken either to improve the performance of the employees,
take the required corrective actions, or the related HR decisions like rewards, promotions, demotions, transfers etc.
3.
MODERN METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN THE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE

INDUSTRY
Assessment Centre:
An assessment centre typically involves the use of methods like social/informal events, tests and exercises, assignments
being given to a group of employees to assess their competencies to take higher responsibilities in the future. Generally,
employees are given an assignment similar to the job they would be expected to perform if promoted. The trained
evaluators observe and evaluate employees as they perform the assigned jobs and are evaluated on job related
characteristics. The major competencies that are judged in assessment centers are interpersonal skills, intellectual
capability, planning and organizing capabilities, motivation, career orientation etc. assessment centers are also an effective
way to determine the training and development needs of the targeted employees.
Behaviorally anchored rating scales:
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is a relatively new technique which combines the graphic rating scale and
critical incidents method. It consists of predetermined critical areas of job performance or sets of behavioral statements
describing important job performance qualities as good or bad (for e.g. the qualities like inter-personal relationships,
adaptability and reliability, job knowledge etc). These statements are developed from critical incidents. In this method, an
employees actual job behavior is judged against the desired behavior by recording and comparing the behavior with
BARS. Developing and practicing BARS requires expert knowledge.
Human resource accounting method:
Human resources are valuable assets for every organization. Human resource accounting method tries to find the relative
worth of these assets in the terms of money. In this method the Performance appraisal of the employees is judged in terms
of cost and contribution of the employees. The cost of employees include all the expenses incurred on them like their
compensation, recruitment and selection costs, induction and training costs etc whereas their contribution includes the
total value added (in monetary terms). The difference between the cost and the contribution will be the performance of the
employees. Ideally, the contribution of the employees should be greater than the cost incurred on them.
360 degree appraisal:
360 degree feedback, also known as 'multi-rater feedback', is the most comprehensive appraisal where the feedback about
the employees performance comes from all the sources that come in contact with the employee on his job.
360 degree respondents for an employee can be his/her peers, managers (i.e. superior), subordinates, team members,
customers, suppliers/ vendors - anyone who comes into contact with the employee and can provide valuable insights and
information or feedback regarding the on-the-job performance of the employee.
Figure 1: http://appraisals.naukrihub.com
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360 degree appraisal has four integral components:
1. Self appraisal
2. Superiors appraisal
3. Subordinates appraisal
4. Peer appraisal.
Self appraisal gives a chance to the employee to look at his/her strengths and weaknesses, his achievements, and judge his
own performance. Superiors appraisal forms the traditional part of the 360 degree appraisal where the employees
responsibilities and actual performance is rated by the superior. Subordinates appraisal gives a chance to judge the
employee on the parameters like communication and motivating abilities, superiors ability to delegate the work,
leadership qualities, etc. Also known as internal customers, the correct feedback given by peers can help to find
employees abilities to work in a team, co-operation and sensitivity towards others.
4.
PUTTING IT TOGETHER A CASE STUDY ON APOLLO HOSPITAL, DELHI, INDIA
Following performance appraisal methods are followed by Apollo Hospital, Delhi (700 bedded tertiary care JCI
accredited hospital):
Self appraisal
Appraisal by the HOD
Appraisal by the HR Manager
The company has been adopting three approaches for evaluating performance of its employees. In top to down approach
the senior in position to the employee evaluates the performance of the employee on various parameters. In this approach,
the superior rates the subordinates on various parameters. The subordinate is judged on the basis whether he has been able
to come up to the expectations of the organization. The employee also fills up a self appraisal form wherein he mentions
what all responsibilities he was assigned and how well he did all the work. In this all the achievement by the employee is
highlighted. This report is further sent to employees superior for approval.
Table 1: Annual Appraisal Form (for hospital staff)
Name:
Designation:
Department: Accounts
Date of Joining:
Date of position last held:

Name of the Appraiser:
Appraisal Period:
90% and above (A+): EXCELLENT

75% and above (A): GOOD
60% and above (B): SATISFACTORY
45% and above (C): AVERAGE
Below 45% (D): UNSATISFACTORY
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PERFORMANCE CATEGORY
Job Knowledge:
The total knowledge possessed by the employee
with respect to job responsibilities
A+
Quality of Work:
The value, accuracy & acceptability of work produced
compared to expected standards
Communication:
Skills used in daily interaction with internal/external counterparts.
Includes willingness to listen & ability to give clear input
Problem Solving:
The degree of reasoning & interpretation exercised by
the employee. The soundness of decisions
& conclusions in line with assignments, needs and
Resources.
Service Orientation:
Ability to provide high levels of service to meet internal/
external customer needs
Team Work:
Demonstrates the reliability, co-operative mindset and respect for
Others necessary to Contribute to team efforts.
The ability to function as part of a team
Initiative/Reliability:
The degree of energy, Aptitude displayed by the employee in
Executing assignments. Follows through to completion
assigned tasks and projects in a professional and expedient
manner with minimal reminding
PERFORMANCE CATEGORY
Commitment to Company
Goals:
The extent to which the employee keeps company objectives in
mind on day-to-day basis.
Interpersonal Relations:
Consider the degree of Co-operation with colleagues,
Subordinates and seniors and His adaptability to new Situations.
Cost consciousness:
Efforts towards optimum Utilization of available Resources
and elimination of Waste.
90% and
75% and
60% and
45% and
Below 45%
Human Resource
above(A+)
above(A)
above (B)
above (C)
(D)
Sl.
Characteristics
Excellent
Good
Satisfactory
Average
Unsatisfactory
Discipline & Behavior
Integrity
Attendance & Punctuality
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5.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Selecting an appropriate research methodology is a key task of the research design process, the most common approach
being either deductive or inductive. Saunders et al. (2000) reported that a deductive approach is employed when
developing a theory, followed by a research strategy designed to test the theory, vis a vis an inductive approach, used
to collect and develop a theory as a result of data analysis.
Primary data for the methodology was acquired through a questionnaire and personal interview. Statistical package for
social science (SPSS) was deployed for analyzing the collected information.
6.
DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS
About 50 responses were obtained from the questionnaires distributed, with 80% response and 20% non respondents.
Based on the responses from general interviews and informal chats, the employees displayed keen interest in the outcome
post analysis. Maximum no. of respondents was from the 25 40 age group representing 75% of the respondents.
Almost 90% of the employees feel that appraisal in Apollo Hospital is carefully planned and 60% respondents endorse the
employee engagement factor, during implementation. 70% of the respondents acknowledge that the hospital effectively
communicates the rationale behind an appraisal and reward deserving employees for better performance and innovation.
Programmed appraisal
Neutral
4%
Disagree
6%
Strongly Agree
41%
Agree
49%
Figure 2: Employees response to a systematically planned appraisal system
Employee engagement during appraisal

Neutral
13% Strongly Agree
Disagree
20%
28%
Agree
39%
Figure 3: Employees response to the engagement factor during appraisal
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Effective communication role
Neutral
10%
Strongly Agree
44%
Disagree
20%
Agree
26%
Figure 4: Employees response to managements communication strategy during appraisal
Rewards / Accolades
Neutral
15%
Strongly Agree
40%
Disagree
15%
Agree
30%
Figure 5: Employees response to managements acknowledgement to good performance
7.
CONCLUSION
The purpose of the research was to analyze the performance of hospital staff, emphasizing on the effectiveness of a
structured and systematic appraisal methodology to appreciate the deserving employees and increase their motivation.
Simultaneously, it also creates room for improvement and estimation of training and development needs for 360 degree
organizational growth. The hospital values the fact of employees being an asset to the organization as IBEF (Indian Brand
Equity Foundation) claims that due to rising demand and healthcare expenditure, the Indian healthcare industry is
expected to grow at a CAGR of 22.7% to US$ 81.2 billion by 2015. However, the German healthcare model of 10.3%
contribution to the GDP remains highest in Europe. The healthcare system is funded through ring fenced social
contributions taxed at around 10%, backed by private medical insurance. This measure exempts none from taxation,
however, eradicates the waiting time and ensured speedy care, which is still a constraint in India.
Based on the research, employees in Apollo Hospital are aware of the appraisal procedure followed in the company and
are satisfied with the implementation and related processes. However, there is a need for a grievance address committee
and slight variation in the HR policy for increased employee satisfaction, patient footfall and revenue generation.
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8.
RECOMMENDATION
Performance appraisals have become a tool of much importance in today's management scenario. This could be used best
only with the help of objective and fair HR practices. The outputs of which could be used for Organization development
rather than for mere employee efficiency improvement. Casual and subjective appraisals will not be able to stand the test
of fairness and legality if challenged. Firms are thus being forced to emphasize a participative but joint management by
objectives followed by a participative, joint-periodic appraisal, to bring more clarity into the system.
The satisfaction of the employees regarding the Annual Appraisal report rating should be increased. This can be
increased if the Reviewing Officer gives them a proper feedback regarding their rating and how to improve it.
There should be proper communication between the superior and the subordinate. The subordinate should be well
aware of his responsibilities and the parameters on which he will be evaluated.
In case, if there is some problem between the superior and the subordinate, there should be a third party to evaluate the
performance of the employee and to avoid the biasness.
On the basis of the evaluation proper training should be given to the employee if required so as to improve his
performance.
The employees should feel free to contact their superiors so as to share their problems regarding work and seek
guidance from superior.
Based upon the feedback received/nature of complaints if some modifications are required to be made in the existing
appraisal policy shall be made after due consideration.
REFERENCES
[1] Alder NJ, Bartholomew S (1992), Managing globally competent people.
[2] Acad. Manage. Exec., 6(3). Performance Management: Key strategies and practical guidelines, Kogan Page Limited,
London, U.K., p.35.
[3] Caligiuri P (2000). The big five personality characteristics as predictors of expatriates desire to terminate the
assignment and supervisor rated performance, Personal Psychology, 53: 67 88.
[4] Cory SY, (2011). Updating corporate sustainability performance. 15(2): 122 132.
[5] Barney J. (1995). Looking inside for competitive advantage. Academy of Management Executive, 9: 4961.
[6] Batt, R (2002), managing customer services: human resource practices, quit rates, and sales growth. Academy of
Management Journal, 45: 58797.
[7] Becker B. and Gerhart B. (1996).The impact of human resource management on organizational performance:
progress and prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 779801.
[8] Capelli P. and Neumark D. (2001) Do high performance work practices improve establishment-level outcomes?
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54: 73775. THE UK DAILYMAIL and IBEF.
Author Biography:
PRATIK KUMAR KUNDU is HEAD Corporate Relations of Medvarsity Online Limited, the e learning wing of
Asias largest and first JCI (US benchmark for healthcare quality) accredited healthcare chain, the Apollo Hospital group,
pioneering in tertiary care healthcare service delivery of international standards, blessed with advanced medical
technology, dedicated doctors and allied medical staff and compassionate patient care. Previously he was heading the
Corporate Marketing channel for ILS Hospital, managing the strategic branding activities for advanced market
penetration. He specializes in assisting organizations to achieve strategic momentum and is a philanthropist by nature.
Page | 27

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International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Performance Evaluation of Hospital Employees

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

PROCESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

Establishing performance standards:

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

MODERN METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN THE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

PUTTING IT TOGETHER A CASE STUDY ON APOLLO HOSPITAL, DELHI, INDIA

Table 1: Annual Appraisal Form (for hospital staff)

Date of position last held:

90% and above (A+): EXCELLENT

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Discipline & Behavior

Attendance & Punctuality

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

Figure 2: Employees response to a systematically planned appraisal system

Employee engagement during appraisal

Figure 3: Employees response to the engagement factor during appraisal

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Effective communication role

Figure 4: Employees response to managements communication strategy during appraisal

Figure 5: Employees response to managements acknowledgement to good performance

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

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