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    2 Rankinecycle-2

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    The Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped from low to high pressure in a boiler, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler at constant pressure, 3) steam expands in a turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back to water in a condenser at constant pressure. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is lower than the Carnot cycle at the same temperatures due to the average heat addition temperature being lower. However, the Rankine cycle more closely approximates the actual steam power plant process.

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    2 Rankinecycle-2

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    Anonymous gS6JtOfa
    30 views4 pages
    The Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped from low to high pressure in a boiler, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler at constant pressure, 3) steam expands in a turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back to water in a condenser at constant pressure. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is lower than the Carnot cycle at the same temperatures due to the average heat addition temperature being lower. However, the Rankine cycle more closely approximates the actual steam power plant process.

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    2_Rankinecycle-2

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    The Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped from low to high pressure in a boiler, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler at constant pressure, 3) steam expands in a turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back to water in a condenser at constant pressure. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is lower than the Carnot cycle at the same temperatures due to the average heat addition temperature being lower. However, the Rankine cycle more closely approximates the actual steam power plant process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    2 Rankinecycle-2

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous gS6JtOfa
    The Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped from low to high pressure in a boiler, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler at constant pressure, 3) steam expands in a turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back to water in a condenser at constant pressure. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is lower than the Carnot cycle at the same temperatures due to the average heat addition temperature being lower. However, the Rankine cycle more closely approximates the actual steam power plant process.

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    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    5.2 Rankine Cycle:


    Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. This cycle is shown on p-v,
    T-v, h-s, diagram in the above figures. It consists of following processes:

    3
    BOILER
    TURBINE

    4
    2
    CONDENSER
    PUMP

    Fig.5.2(a). Rankine vapour power cycle

    3''
    3' 3

    2'

    T
    2
    1

    1'

    4'

    4 4''

    Fig.5.2(b). T-s diagram Rankine power cycle

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    2'

    3'

    3''

    4'

    p
    1

    4''

    v
    Fig.5.2(c). p-v diagram Rankine power cycle

    3''
    3'
    h

    2 2'
    4' 4

    4''

    1
    s
    Fig.5.2(d). h-s diagram Rankine power cycle

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    Process 1-2: Water from the condenser at low pressure is pumped into the boiler at
    high pressure. This process is reversible adiabatic.
    Process 2-3: Water is converted into steam at constant pressure by the addition of heat
    in the boiler.
    Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic expansion of steam in the steam turbine.
    Process 4-1: Constant pressure heat rejection in the condenser to convert condensate
    into water.

    The steam leaving the boiler may be dry and saturated, wet or superheated. The
    corresponding T-s diagrams are 1-2-3-4-1; 1-2-3-4-1 or 1-2-3-4-1.

    Thermal Efficiency of Rankine Cycle:


    Consider one kg of working fluid, and applying first law to flow system to various
    processes with the assumption of neglecting changes in potential and kinetic energy,
    we can write,

    q - w = dh
    For process 2-3, w = 0 (heat addition process), we can write,

    ( q )boiler

    ( dh )boiler

    ( h3

    - h2 )

    For process 3-4; q = 0 (adiabatic process)

    ( w )turbine = - ( dh )turbine = ( h 3

    - h4 )

    Similarly,

    ( q )cond = ( h1 - h 4 )
    ( w )pump = ( h1 - h 2 )
    ( w )net

    ( w )turbine + ( w )pump

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    = (h 3 - h 4 ) + (h1 - h 2 ) = (h 3 - h 4 ) - (h 2 - h1 )

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    Now, Thermal efficiency = th =

    Net work
    =
    heat sup plied

    rankine = th =

    ( h3

    ( w )net
    ( q )boiler

    - h 4 ) - (h 2 - h1 )
    (h 3 - h 2 )

    area 122 '341


    area a22 '3ba

    The pump work ( w )pump is negligible, because specific volume of water is very small.

    Therefore,
    rankine =

    h3 - h 4
    area 12 '341
    =
    (Neglecting pump work)
    area a12 '3ba
    h3 - h 2

    Note that the rankine cycle has a lower efficiency compared to corresponding Carnot
    cycle 2-3-4-1 with the same maximum and minimum temperatures. The reason is that
    the average temperature at which heat is added in the rankine cycle lies between T2
    and T12 and is thus less than the constant temperature T12 at which heat is added to the
    Carnot cycle.

    Reasons for Considering Rankine Cycle as an Ideal Cycle For Steam


    Power Plants:
    1) It is very difficult to build a pump that will handle a mixture of liquid and vapor
    at state 1 (refer T-s diagram) and deliver saturated liquid at state 2. It is
    much easier to completely condense the vapor and handle only liquid in the
    pump.
    2) In the rankine cycle, the vapor may be superheated at constant pressure from
    3 to 3 without difficulty. In a Carnot cycle using superheated steam, the
    superheating will have to be done at constant temperature along path 3-5.
    During this process, the pressure has to be dropped. This means that heat is
    transferred to the vapor as it undergoes expansion doing work. This is difficult
    to achieve in practice.

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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