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    Applied Termo 122424

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    rjrahul25
    The document describes the Rankine cycle, which is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped into the boiler at high pressure, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler, 3) steam expands in the turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back into water in the condenser. The Rankine cycle is shown on temperature-entropy, pressure-volume, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. While less efficient than the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle is considered ideal for steam plants as it is easier to implement than a Carnot cycle using superheated steam.

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    Applied Termo 122424

    Uploaded by

    rjrahul25
    30 views4 pages
    The document describes the Rankine cycle, which is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped into the boiler at high pressure, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler, 3) steam expands in the turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back into water in the condenser. The Rankine cycle is shown on temperature-entropy, pressure-volume, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. While less efficient than the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle is considered ideal for steam plants as it is easier to implement than a Carnot cycle using superheated steam.

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    Applied Termo 122424 (21)

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    Applied Termo 122424 (21)

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    The document describes the Rankine cycle, which is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped into the boiler at high pressure, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler, 3) steam expands in the turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back into water in the condenser. The Rankine cycle is shown on temperature-entropy, pressure-volume, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. While less efficient than the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle is considered ideal for steam plants as it is easier to implement than a Carnot cycle using superheated steam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    Applied Termo 122424

    Uploaded by

    rjrahul25
    The document describes the Rankine cycle, which is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. It consists of four processes: 1) water is pumped into the boiler at high pressure, 2) water is converted to steam in the boiler, 3) steam expands in the turbine, and 4) steam is condensed back into water in the condenser. The Rankine cycle is shown on temperature-entropy, pressure-volume, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. While less efficient than the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle is considered ideal for steam plants as it is easier to implement than a Carnot cycle using superheated steam.

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    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    5.2 Rankine Cycle:


    Rankine cycle is the idealized cycle for steam power plants. This cycle is shown on p-v, T-v, h-s, diagram in the above figures. It consists of following processes:

    3
    BOILER TURBINE

    4 2
    CONDENSER PUMP

    Fig.5.2(a). Rankine vapour power cycle

    3'' 2' T 2 1 1' 4' 4 4'' 3' 3 5

    Fig.5.2(b). T-s diagram Rankine power cycle

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    2 p 1

    2'

    3'

    3''

    4'

    4''

    v
    Fig.5.2(c). p-v diagram Rankine power cycle

    3'' 3'
    h

    2 2' 4' 4 1
    s
    Fig.5.2(d). h-s diagram Rankine power cycle

    4''

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    Process 1-2: Water from the condenser at low pressure is pumped into the boiler at high pressure. This process is reversible adiabatic. Process 2-3: Water is converted into steam at constant pressure by the addition of heat in the boiler. Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic expansion of steam in the steam turbine. Process 4-1: Constant pressure heat rejection in the condenser to convert condensate into water.

    The steam leaving the boiler may be dry and saturated, wet or superheated. The corresponding T-s diagrams are 1-2-3-4-1; 1-2-3-4-1 or 1-2-3-4-1.

    Thermal Efficiency of Rankine Cycle:


    Consider one kg of working fluid, and applying first law to flow system to various processes with the assumption of neglecting changes in potential and kinetic energy, we can write,

    q - w = dh
    For process 2-3, w = 0 (heat addition process), we can write,

    ( q )boiler

    ( dh )boiler

    ( h3

    - h2 )

    For process 3-4; q = 0 (adiabatic process)

    ( w )turbine = - ( dh )turbine = ( h 3
    Similarly,

    - h4 )

    ( q )cond = ( h1 - h 4 ) ( w )pump = ( h1 - h 2 )
    ( w )net
    =

    ( w )turbine + ( w )pump

    = (h 3 - h 4 ) + (h1 - h 2 ) = (h 3 - h 4 ) - (h 2 - h1 )

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

    Vapour Power Cycles

    Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    Now, Thermal efficiency = th =

    Net work = heat sup plied

    ( w )net ( q )boiler
    = area 122 '341 area a22 '3ba

    rankine = th =

    ( h3

    - h 4 ) - (h 2 - h1 ) (h 3 - h 2 )

    The pump work ( w )pump is negligible, because specific volume of water is very small.

    Therefore,
    rankine = h3 - h 4 area 12 '341 = (Neglecting pump work) area a12 '3ba h3 - h 2

    Note that the rankine cycle has a lower efficiency compared to corresponding Carnot cycle 2-3-4-1 with the same maximum and minimum temperatures. The reason is that the average temperature at which heat is added in the rankine cycle lies between T2 and T12 and is thus less than the constant temperature T12 at which heat is added to the Carnot cycle.

    Reasons for Considering Rankine Cycle as an Ideal Cycle For Steam Power Plants:
    1) It is very difficult to build a pump that will handle a mixture of liquid and vapor at state 1 (refer T-s diagram) and deliver saturated liquid at state 2. It is much easier to completely condense the vapor and handle only liquid in the pump. 2) In the rankine cycle, the vapor may be superheated at constant pressure from 3 to 3 without difficulty. In a Carnot cycle using superheated steam, the superheating will have to be done at constant temperature along path 3-5. During this process, the pressure has to be dropped. This means that heat is transferred to the vapor as it undergoes expansion doing work. This is difficult to achieve in practice.

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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