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    The Need For Consolidation Theory: Magnitude and The Rate of

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    Christine Joyce A. Cortez
    Consolidation theory is needed to predict settlements in structures built on compressible soils to ensure their stability. One-dimensional consolidation testing in a consolidometer is commonly used because water can primarily only flow vertically in saturated soil layers in situ. The one-dimensional consolidation test procedure involves placing a soil specimen in a consolidometer apparatus between porous stones, applying incremental loads over 24 hours while measuring compression, and determining the dry weight of the specimen after completion. The compression versus time plot for a given load increment typically shows three stages: initial compression, primary consolidation while excess pore pressures dissipate, and secondary compression after full dissipation.

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    The Need For Consolidation Theory: Magnitude and The Rate of

    Uploaded by

    Christine Joyce A. Cortez
    20 views2 pages
    Consolidation theory is needed to predict settlements in structures built on compressible soils to ensure their stability. One-dimensional consolidation testing in a consolidometer is commonly used because water can primarily only flow vertically in saturated soil layers in situ. The one-dimensional consolidation test procedure involves placing a soil specimen in a consolidometer apparatus between porous stones, applying incremental loads over 24 hours while measuring compression, and determining the dry weight of the specimen after completion. The compression versus time plot for a given load increment typically shows three stages: initial compression, primary consolidation while excess pore pressures dissipate, and secondary compression after full dissipation.

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    Consolidation theory is needed to predict settlements in structures built on compressible soils to ensure their stability. One-dimensional consolidation testing in a consolidometer is commonly used because water can primarily only flow vertically in saturated soil layers in situ. The one-dimensional consolidation test procedure involves placing a soil specimen in a consolidometer apparatus between porous stones, applying incremental loads over 24 hours while measuring compression, and determining the dry weight of the specimen after completion. The compression versus time plot for a given load increment typically shows three stages: initial compression, primary consolidation while excess pore pressures dissipate, and secondary compression after full dissipation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    The Need For Consolidation Theory: Magnitude and The Rate of

    Uploaded by

    Christine Joyce A. Cortez
    Consolidation theory is needed to predict settlements in structures built on compressible soils to ensure their stability. One-dimensional consolidation testing in a consolidometer is commonly used because water can primarily only flow vertically in saturated soil layers in situ. The one-dimensional consolidation test procedure involves placing a soil specimen in a consolidometer apparatus between porous stones, applying incremental loads over 24 hours while measuring compression, and determining the dry weight of the specimen after completion. The compression versus time plot for a given load increment typically shows three stages: initial compression, primary consolidation while excess pore pressures dissipate, and secondary compression after full dissipation.

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    The Need for Consolidation Theory

    Consolidation theory is required


    for the prediction of both the
    magnitude and the rate of
    consolidation settlements to
    ensure the serviceability of
    structures founded on a
    compressible soil layer.
    Differential settlements that
    can lead to structural failures
    due to tilting should be
    avoided. Otherwise, youll need
    extreme measures to save your
    structure !

    One-dimensional Consolidation

    Since water can flow out of a saturated soil


    sample in any direction, the process of
    consolidation is essentially three-dimensional.
    However, in most field situations, water will not
    be able to flow out of the soil by flowing
    horizontally because of the vast expanse of the
    soil in horizontal direction.
    Therefore, the direction of flow of water is
    primarily vertical or one-dimensional.
    As a result, the soil layer undergoes onedimensional
    or 1-D consolidation settlement
    in the vertical direction.

    The one-dimensional consolidation testing procedure was first suggested by Terzaghi. This
    test is performed in a consolidometer (sometimes referred to as an oedometer). The
    schematic
    diagram of a consolidometer is shown in Figure 11.7a. Figure 11.7b. shows a photograph
    of a consolidometer. The soil specimen is placed inside a metal ring with two
    porous stones, one at the top of the specimen and another at the bottom. The specimens
    are
    usually 64 mm (_ 2.5 in.) in diameter and 25 mm. (_ 1 in.) thick. The load on the specimen
    is applied through a lever arm, and compression is measured by a micrometer dial
    gauge. The specimen is kept under water during the test. Each load usually is kept for 24
    hours. After that, the load usually is doubled, which doubles the pressure on the specimen,
    and the compression measurement is continued. At the end of the test, the dry weight of
    the test specimen is determined. Figure 11.7c shows a consolidation test in progress
    (righthand
    side).
    The general shape of the plot of deformation of the specimen against time for a given
    load increment is shown in Figure 11.8. From the plot, we can observe three distinct
    stages, which may be described as follows:

    Stage I: Initial compression, which is caused mostly by preloading.


    Stage II: Primary consolidation, during which excess pore water pressure gradually
    is transferred into effective stress because of the expulsion of
    pore water.
    Stage III: Secondary consolidation, which occurs after complete dissipation of the
    excess porewater pressure, when some deformation of the specimen takes
    place because of the plastic readjustment of soil fabric.

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