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    Simple Harmonic Motion

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    Amaresh Mishra
    1) Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where a particle oscillates back and forth about a mean equilibrium position. 2) For simple harmonic motion to occur, the restoring force must be directly proportional to displacement from the equilibrium position. 3) When a body experiences a restoring force proportional to its displacement, its motion can be described by a differential equation that has sinusoidal solutions, indicating simple harmonic motion.

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    Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    Amaresh Mishra
    11 views3 pages
    1) Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where a particle oscillates back and forth about a mean equilibrium position. 2) For simple harmonic motion to occur, the restoring force must be directly proportional to displacement from the equilibrium position. 3) When a body experiences a restoring force proportional to its displacement, its motion can be described by a differential equation that has sinusoidal solutions, indicating simple harmonic motion.

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    A short article on simple harmonic motion

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    1) Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where a particle oscillates back and forth about a mean equilibrium position. 2) For simple harmonic motion to occur, the restoring force must be directly proportional to displacement from the equilibrium position. 3) When a body experiences a restoring force proportional to its displacement, its motion can be described by a differential equation that has sinusoidal solutions, indicating simple harmonic motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views3 pages

    Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    Amaresh Mishra
    1) Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where a particle oscillates back and forth about a mean equilibrium position. 2) For simple harmonic motion to occur, the restoring force must be directly proportional to displacement from the equilibrium position. 3) When a body experiences a restoring force proportional to its displacement, its motion can be described by a differential equation that has sinusoidal solutions, indicating simple harmonic motion.

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    Simple Harmonic Motion

    We are familiar with many day to day examples of Periodic motion such as:
    motion of earth round the sun, revolving of a wheel etc. In a periodic
    motion, the particle repeats itself after a certain time interval and that time
    interval is referred to as time period of the periodic motion. One subset of
    these kinds of periodic motion is called oscillation where the particle moves
    to and fro about a mean position or equilibrium position. Why?
    A body is said to be in static equilibrium if total force acting on it is zero.
    Consider two types of equilibrium given below. In case (a), a hill and in (b),
    a tunnel is shown.

    (a)

    (b)

    In (a), the body is in equilibrium, but if displaced slightly, it will go for ever
    and will never come back. This is called an unstable equilibrium. In nature,
    everybody wants to attain a minimum energy state. But in (a) body is at
    highest energy state. So it is always trying to go back to minimum energy
    state. This is a unbound system and will never give rise to oscillation.
    In case (b), the body is in equilibrium and if displaced, it will try to come
    back and the gravitational force will try to take it back to the equilibrium
    position. This is a stable equilibrium, since particle is already in minimum
    energy state. This system will perform oscillation if it is displaced from

    mean position. The gravitational force is acting as restoring force here which
    is helping in oscillation.
    In general if the restoring force is proportional to displacement from
    equilibrium, oscillation is called simple harmonic.

    F =kx

    For a one dimensional oscillation, if want to drop vector signs, we will


    incorporate a negative sign as restoring force and displacement are opposite
    to each other.

    F = kx
    d 2x
    m
    + kx = 0
    2
    dt

    d 2x
    2
    +

    x = 0 .(1)
    0
    2
    dt
    Where

    k
    = 02
    m

    The auxiliary equation of the differential equation is (putting eMx as solution)

    M 2 + 02 = 0
    Or M = i0
    So, solution of eq.(1) is
    i0 t
    i0 t

    x = Ae
    If we put

    A = C ei

    + Be
    and

    B = Cei

    i(0t +)

    ei(0t+) + e
    =
    x
    C
    We get,

    Or

    x = 2C cos (0t + )

    Or

    x = x0 cos (0t + )

    x0 is the amplitude of the oscillation, 0 is the natural frequency of


    oscillation and is the initial phase or epoch.
    The velocity and acceleration of the body under oscillation is

    v = x 00 sin (0t + )
    a = x002 cos(0t +) =02 x
    Total energy of the oscillator is

    1
    1
    E = PE + KE = kx2 + mv2
    2
    2
    1 2
    1 2 2 2
    2
    =

    +
    E
    kx
    cos
    t
    mx0 0 sin (0t + )
    (
    )
    0
    0
    Or
    2
    2
    Putting

    k
    = 02 , we get
    m

    E =
    Which is constant with time.

    1 2
    kx 0
    2

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