CHEMISTRY TEST

50 mins

1. Atoms contain three different types of particle.

These are electrons, neutrons and protons.
a. Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?

(1)

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b. Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?

(1)

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c. Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Electrons

Elements

Molecules

Neutrons

Protons

i. Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of

. and .

(2)

ii. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of . but different
numbers of . in the nucleus.
d. An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol

(2)
24
Mg.
12

Use the numbers to complete these statements about this atom.

i. The atomic number of this atom is .

(1)

ii. The mass number of this atom is .

(1)

iii. The electronic configuration of this atom is .

(1)

2. Like other metals, iron is malleable and good conductor of electricity.

a. Explain why iron is malleable.

(2)

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b. Explain why iron is a good conductor of electricity.

(2)

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3. The diagram shows ammonium chloride being heated in a test tube.

The formula of ammonium chloride is NH4Cl.

a. How many different elements are there in ammonium chloride?

(1)

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b. Identify the two gases in mixture A.

(2)

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c. Identify the white solid B.

(1)

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d. Place crosses () in two boxes to identify the processes that occur in the test tube.

Boiling

Decomposition

Melting

Neutralization

(2)

4. Diamond and graphite are two naturally-occurring forms of carbon.

The diagrams below show the arrangement of the carbon atoms in diamond and in graphite.
The black dots () represent carbon atoms.

a. Name the type of structure in diamond and explain, in terms of its bonding, why diamond
has a high melting point.

(4)

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b. Explain, in terms of its structure, why graphite can act as a lubricant?

(2)

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c. The structure of graphite has one feature in common with that of metals. This feature
allows graphite to conduct electricity.
Suggest what this feature is and why it allows graphite to conduct electricity.

(2)

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d. In 1985, a new form of carbon was discovered. It was called buckminsterfullerene after
the architect Buckminster Fuller, who designed buildings with complex geometric shapes.
Buckminsterfullerene (C60) has a simple molecular structure containing 60 carbon atoms
per molecule. It looks a little bit like a football.

Suggest why buckminsterfullerene has a much lower boiling than diamond.

(2)

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5. Bromine has two naturally-occurring isotopes with mass numbers 79 and 81.
A sample of bromine contained the two isotopes in the following proportions.
Bromine-79 = 50.7%

and

Bromine-81 = 49.3%

Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of bromine. Give your answer to
two decimal places.

(2)

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6. The diagram shows how the electrons are arranged in an atom of oxygen.

Oxygen atoms form both covalent and ionic bonds.

a. Water is formed when two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen.
i. Draw a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of water. You need to show only the
electrons in the outer shell.

(2)

ii. Explain how the covalent bonds in the water molecule hold the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms together.

(2)

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5

b. The electronic configuration of a sodium atom is 2.8.1

Sodium oxide, Na2O, is an ionic compound formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
i. Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when sodium oxide is formed in this
reaction.

(3)

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ii. The reaction of sodium to form sodium oxide can be described as oxidation because it
involves the addition of oxygen.
State one other reason why this reaction can be described as oxidation (Refer to the
valency of sodium metal and sodium ion).

(1)

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c. Explain why water has a much lower melting point than sodium oxide.

(2)

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d. A teacher added sodium oxide to water in a beaker.
The equation shows the reaction that occurred.
Na2 O( )

H2 O( )

Insert the appropriate state symbols in this equation.

2NaOH( )
(2)

7. Work out the formulae of the following compounds.

a. Cobalt (II) chloride

(2)

b. Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(2)

c. Potassium carbonate

(2)

d. Lead (II) oxide

(2)

e. Ammonium sulfide

(2)

f.

(2)

Aluminum sulfate

g. Ammonium sulfite

(2)

(TOTAL FOR PAPER = 57 MARKS)