Block Diagram of 8085.PDF Imp

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
INTEL 8085
GURSHARAN SINGH TATLA

professorgstatla@gmail.com
Gursharan Singh Tatla

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Introduction to 8085
 Introduced in 1977.
 It is 8-bit MP.
 It is a 40 pin dual-in-line
chip.
 It uses a single +5V supply

for its operations.
 Its clock speed is about

3MHz.
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Block Diagram of 8085

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Three Units of 8085
 Processing Unit
 Instruction Unit
 Storage and Interface Unit

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Processing Unit
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit
 Accumulator
 Status Flags
 Temporary Register

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Instruction Unit
 Instruction Register
 Instruction Decoder
 Timing and Control Unit

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Storage and Interface Unit
 General Purpose Registers
 Stack Pointer
 Program Counter
 Increment/Decrement Register
 Address Latch
 Address/Data Latch

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Three Other Units
 Interrupt Controller
 Serial I/O Controller
 Power Supply

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Accumulator
 It the main register of microprocessor.
 It is also called register ‘A’.
 It is an 8-bit register.
 It is used in the arithmetic and logic operations.
 It always contains one of the operands on which

arithmetic/logic has to be performed.
 After the arithmetic/logic operation, the contents of
accumulator are replaced by the result.

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Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
 It performs various arithmetic and logic
operations.
 The data is available in accumulator and

temporary/general purpose registers.
 Arithmetic Operations:
 Addition, Subtraction, Increment, Decrement etc.
 Logic Operations:
 AND, OR, X-OR, Complement etc.

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Temporary Register
 It is used to store temporary 8-bit operand from

general purpose register.
 It is also used to store intermediate results.

Status Flags
 Status Flags are set of flip-flops which are used
to check the status of Accumulator after the
operation is performed.

Status Flags
 S = Sign Flag
 Z = Zero Flag
 AC = Auxiliary Carry Flag
 P = Parity Flag
 CY = Carry Flag

Status Flags
 Sign Flag (S):
 It tells the sign of result stored in Accumulator after

the operation is performed.
 If result is –ve, sign flag is set (1).
 If result is +ve, sign flag is reset (0).

Status Flags
 Zero Flag (Z):
 It tells whether the result stored in Accumulator is

zero or not after the operation is performed.
 If result is zero, zero flag is set (1).
 If result is not zero, zero flag is reset (0).

Status Flags
 Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC):
 It is used in BCD operations.
 When there is carry in BCD addition, we add 0110

(6) to the result.
 If there is carry in BCD addition, auxiliary carry is

set (1).
 If there is no carry, auxiliary carry is reset (0).

Status Flags
 Parity Flag (P):
 It tells the parity of data stored in Accumulator.
 If parity is even, parity flag is set (1).
 If parity is odd, parity flag is reset (0).

Program Status Word (PSW)
 The contents of Accumulator and Status Flags
clubbed together is known as Program Status
Word (PSW).
 It is a 16-bit word.

Instruction Register
 It is used to hold the current instruction which the
microprocessor is about to execute.

Instruction Decoder
 It interprets the instruction stored in instruction
register.
 It generates various machine cycles depending

upon the instruction.
 The machine cycles are then given to the Timing

and Control Unit.

Timing and Control Unit
 It controls all the operations of microprocessor
and peripheral devices.
 Depending upon the machine cycles received

from Instruction Decoder, it generates 12 control
signals:
 S0 and S1 (Status Signals).
 ALE (Address Latch Enable).

Timing and Control Unit
 RD (Read, active low).
 WR (Write, active low).
 IO/M (Input-Output/Memory).
 READY
 RESET IN
 RESET OUT
 CLK OUT
 HOLD and HLDA

General Purpose Registers
 There are 6 general purpose registers, namely B, C, D, E, H, L.
 Each of the them is 8-bit register.
 They are used to hold data and results.
 To hold 16-bit data, combination of two 8-bit registers can be

used.
 This combination is known as Register Pair.
 The valid register pairs are:
 B – C, D – E, H – L.

Program Counter
 It is used to hold the address of next instruction to
be executed.
 It is a 16-bit register.
 The microprocessor increments the value of

Program Counter after the execution of the
current instruction, so that, it always points to the
next instruction.

Stack Pointer
 It holds the address of top most item in the stack.
 It is also 16-bit register.
 Any portion of memory can be used as stack.

Increment/Decrement Register
 This register is used to increment or decrement
the value of Stack Pointer.
 During PUSH operation, the value of Stack

Pointer is incremented.
 During POP operation, the value of Stack Pointer

is decremented.

Address Latch
 It is group of 8 buffers.
 The upper-byte of 16-bit address is stored in this

latch.
 And then it is made available to the peripheral

devices.

Address/Data Latch
 The lower-byte of address and 8-bit of data are
multiplexed.
 It holds either lower-byte of address or 8-bits of data.
 This is decided by ALE (Address Latch Enable)

signal.
 If ALE = 1 then
 Address/Data Latch contains lower-byte of address.
 If ALE = 0 then
 It contains 8-bit data.

Serial I/O Controller
 It is used to convert serial data into parallel and
parallel data into serial.
 Microprocessor works with 8-bit parallel data.
 Serial I/O devices works with serial transfer of

data.
 Therefore, this unit is the interface between

microprocessor and serial I/O devices.

Interrupt Controller
 It is used to handle the interrupts.
 There are 5 interrupt signals in 8085:
 TRAP
 RST 7.5
 RST 6.5
 RST 5.5
 INTR
Interrupt Controller
 Interrupt controller receives these interrupts
according to their priority and applies them to the
microprocessor.
 There is one outgoing signal INTA which is called

Interrupt Acknowledge.

Power Supply
 This unit provides +5V power supply to the
microprocessor.
 The microprocessor needs +5V power supply for

its operation.


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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF

GURSHARAN SINGH TATLA

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It uses a single +5V supply

 Its clock speed is about

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 Storage and Interface Unit

Gursharan Singh Tatla

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 Timing and Control Unit

Gursharan Singh Tatla

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 Serial I/O Controller

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It is also called register ‘A’.

 It is used in the arithmetic and logic operations.

 It always contains one of the operands on which

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 The data is available in accumulator and

 Addition, Subtraction, Increment, Decrement etc.

 AND, OR, X-OR, Complement etc.

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It is used to store temporary 8-bit operand from

 It is also used to store intermediate results.

Gursharan Singh Tatla

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 AC = Auxiliary Carry Flag

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It tells the sign of result stored in Accumulator after

 If result is –ve, sign flag is set (1).

 If result is +ve, sign flag is reset (0).

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It tells whether the result stored in Accumulator is

 If result is zero, zero flag is set (1).

 If result is not zero, zero flag is reset (0).

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It is used in BCD operations.

 When there is carry in BCD addition, we add 0110

 If there is carry in BCD addition, auxiliary carry is

 If there is no carry, auxiliary carry is reset (0).

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It tells the parity of data stored in Accumulator.

 If parity is even, parity flag is set (1).

 If parity is odd, parity flag is reset (0).

Gursharan Singh Tatla

Gursharan Singh Tatla

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 It generates various machine cycles depending

 The machine cycles are then given to the Timing

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 Depending upon the machine cycles received

 S0 and S1 (Status Signals).

 ALE (Address Latch Enable).

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 WR (Write, active low).

 HOLD and HLDA

Gursharan Singh Tatla

 Each of the them is 8-bit register.

 They are used to hold data and results.

 To hold 16-bit data, combination of two 8-bit registers can be