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    H&N Wk1 Face Muscles

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    Uloko Christopher
    The document summarizes the muscles and nerve supply of the face. It describes the boundaries of the face and groups the facial muscles into three main groups - circumorbital, nasal, and buccalabial muscles. For each group, it provides details on individual muscles including their origin, insertion, and main actions. The circumorbital group includes the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles. The nasal group comprises the procerus, nasalis, and depressor septi muscles. The buccalabial group controls mouth movements and contains numerous muscles like the zygomaticus major and minor. Cranial nerves V and VII provide motor innervation to the facial muscles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    H&N Wk1 Face Muscles

    Uploaded by

    Uloko Christopher
    59 views10 pages
    The document summarizes the muscles and nerve supply of the face. It describes the boundaries of the face and groups the facial muscles into three main groups - circumorbital, nasal, and buccalabial muscles. For each group, it provides details on individual muscles including their origin, insertion, and main actions. The circumorbital group includes the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles. The nasal group comprises the procerus, nasalis, and depressor septi muscles. The buccalabial group controls mouth movements and contains numerous muscles like the zygomaticus major and minor. Cranial nerves V and VII provide motor innervation to the facial muscles.

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    Anatomy

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    5. H&N Wk1 Face Muscles

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    The document summarizes the muscles and nerve supply of the face. It describes the boundaries of the face and groups the facial muscles into three main groups - circumorbital, nasal, and buccalabial muscles. For each group, it provides details on individual muscles including their origin, insertion, and main actions. The circumorbital group includes the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles. The nasal group comprises the procerus, nasalis, and depressor septi muscles. The buccalabial group controls mouth movements and contains numerous muscles like the zygomaticus major and minor. Cranial nerves V and VII provide motor innervation to the facial muscles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views10 pages

    H&N Wk1 Face Muscles

    Uploaded by

    Uloko Christopher
    The document summarizes the muscles and nerve supply of the face. It describes the boundaries of the face and groups the facial muscles into three main groups - circumorbital, nasal, and buccalabial muscles. For each group, it provides details on individual muscles including their origin, insertion, and main actions. The circumorbital group includes the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles. The nasal group comprises the procerus, nasalis, and depressor septi muscles. The buccalabial group controls mouth movements and contains numerous muscles like the zygomaticus major and minor. Cranial nerves V and VII provide motor innervation to the facial muscles.

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    Muscles & nerve supply of face

    (Cranial Nerves 5th & 7th )


    FACE
    Boundaries:
    Extends superiorly to the hair line, inferiorly to the chin and base of
    mandible, and on each side to auricle.
    Forehead is common to both scalp and face.
    Skin is very vascular.
    Due to rich vascularity face blush and blanch.
    Wounds of face bleed profusely but heal rapidly.
    Facial skin is rich in sebaceous gland and sweat gland.
    Sebaceous gland keep the skin oily but also cause acne in adult.
    Sweat gland regulate body temperature.

    Facial muscles
    Called muscle of facial expression and lie in superficial fascia.
    Embryologically they develop from mesoderm of 2nd branchial arch,
    therefore supplied by facial nerve.

    INTRODUCTION
    Muscles of the head can be divided into craniofacial and masticatory groups.
    Craniofacial muscles are often referred to, not very accurately, as
    'muscles of facial expression', and are related mainly to the orbital
    margins and eyelids, the external nose and nostrils, the lips, cheeks
    and mouth, the pinna, scalp and cervical skin.
    The organization of the muscles of facial expression differs from
    that of muscles in most other regions of the body because there is
    no deep membranous fascia beneath the skin.
    Many small slips of muscle attached to the facial skeleton insert
    directly into the skin.

    GROUPS OF MUSCLES

    Facial muscles are differentiated to form groups


    around the orifices
    Circumorbital (eyes)
    Nasal (nose)
    Boccolabial (mouth)

    CIRCUMORBITAL AND PALPEBRAL MUSCLE GROUP


    The circumorbital and palpebral group of muscles are
    Orbicularis oculi,
    Corrugator supercilii
    Levator palpebrae superioris.
    The first two are described here and levator palpebrae
    superioris is described in the context of the eye.

    Orbicularis oculi
    3 parts-
    Orbital part:
    Originate from medial part of medial palpebral ligament and form
    concentric rings, return to point of origin.
    Action closes the lids tightly.
    Activated under voluntary control.
    Palpebral part:

    Originate from lateral part of medial palpebral ligament.


    Insert into lateral palpebral raphe.
    Action-closes the lids gently.
    Contracted voluntarily and reflexly as in blinking
    Lacrimal part:
    Originate from lacrimal fascia & lacrimal bone.
    Insert into upper &lower tarsi.
    Action-dilate lacrimal sac.

    Corrugator supercilii
    Corrugator supercilii is a small pyramidal muscle located at the medial
    end of each eyebrow. .
    Origin
    Medial end of the superciliary arch; its fibers pass upward and lateralward, between
    the palpebral and orbital portions of the Orbicularis oculi
    Insertion
    Deep surface of the skin, above the middle of the orbital arch .
    Actions
    Draws the eyebrows medially and downwards to shield the eyes in bright sunlight.
    Involved in frowning
    NASAL MUSCLE GROUP
    The nasal muscle group comprises
    Procerus
    Nasalis
    Depressor septi.
    Procerus
    Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein.
    Origin and insertion :
    It arises by tendinous fibers from the fascia covering the lower part of the nasal
    bone and upper part of the lateral nasal cartilage.
    It is inserted into the skin over the lower part of the forehead the two
    eyebrows on either side of the midline, its fibers decussating with those of the
    Frontalis.
    Actions
    produces transverse wrinkles over the bridge of the nose. It is active in frowning and
    'concentration', and helps to reduce the glare of bright sunlight.

    Nasalis
    Nasalis.
    It consists of two parts, transverse (compressor) and alar (dilator):
    Compressor (transverse part)
    Arises from the maxilla above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed
    upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on
    the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the
    aponeurosis of the Procerus.
    compress the nasal cartilage.
    Dilator (alar part) is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the
    other to the integument at the point of the nose.
    Dilates the nasal cavity

    Depressor septi
    Depressor septi is often regarded as part of dilator naris. It arises
    from the maxilla above the central incisor tooth and ascends to
    attach to the mobile part of the nasal septum.
    It is immediately deep to the mucous membrane of the upper lip.
    Actions :
    Pulls the nasal septum downwards and, with the alar part of nasalis,
    widens the nasal aperture.
    BUCCOLABIAL GROUP OF MUSCLES
    The shape of the mouth and the posture of the lips are controlled by a complex three-dimensional assembly of
    muscular slips.
    These include :
    Elevators of the upper lip
    Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,
    Levator labii superioris,
    Zygomaticus major and minor,
    levator anguli oris and
    Risorius
    Depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip .
    Depressor labii inferioris
    Depressor anguli oris
    Mentalis
    Sphincter muscles
    Orbicularis oris,
    Incisivus superior and inferior
    Buccinator.

    Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi


    Translated from Latin, the "lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of
    the nose". It has the longest name of any muscle .
    Attachment:
    The muscle is attached to the upper frontal process of the maxilla
    and inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper
    lip.
    Actions:
    It dilates the nostril and elevates the upper lip.

    Levator labii superioris


    Levator labii superioris starts from the infraorbital margin.
    Origin
    From the maxilla and zygomatic bone above the infraorbital foramen.
    Insertion
    Its fibres converge into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the lateral slip
    of levator labii superioris alaequae nasi and zygomaticus minor.
    Actions :
    Levator labii superioris elevates and everts the upper lip.

    Zygomaticus major
    Zygomaticus major arises from the zygomatic bone. just in front of the
    zygomaticotemporal suture, and passes to the angle of the mouth.
    It blends with the fibres of levator anguli oris, orbicularis oris and more deeply
    placed muscular bands.
    Actions :
    Zygomaticus major draws the angle of the mouth upwards and
    laterally as in laughing.
    Zygomaticus minor
    Zygomaticus minor arises from the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
    immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture.
    passes downwards and medially into the muscular substance of the upper lip.
    Actions :
    Elevates the upper lip, exposing the maxillary teeth.

    Levator anguli oris


    levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the
    canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.
    Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of
    the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris.
    Actions :
    Raises the angle of the mouth in smiling, and contributes to the depth and
    contour of the nasolabial furrow.

    Mentalis
    Mentalis is a conical fasciculus lying at the side of the frenulum of the lower lip.
    The fibres arise from the incisive fossa of the mandible and descend to attach
    to the skin of the chin.
    Actions :
    Mentalis raises the lower lip.
    Wrinkling the skin of the chin.
    It helps in protruding and everting the lower lip in drinking
    and also in expressing doubt or disdain.

    Depressor labii inferioris


    Depressor labii inferioris is a quadrilateral muscle that arises from the
    oblique line of the mandible, between the symphysis menti and the mental
    foramen.
    It passes upwards and medially into the skin and mucosa of the lower lip.
    Blending with the paired muscle from the opposite side and with orbicularis oris.
    Below and laterally it is continuous with platysma.
    Actions :
    Depress the lower lip.

    Depressor anguli oris


    Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis)
    Origin and Insertion
    Arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers
    converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the
    mouth.
    At its origin it is continuous with the Platysma, and at its insertion with
    the Orbicularis oris and Risorius.
    Actions :
    Angle of the mouth downwards and laterally in opening the mouth and in
    expressing sadness.

    Orbicularis oris
    Originate from maxilla above incisor teeth and insert into skin of
    lip.
    Action closes the mouth.

    Buccinator
    Upper fiber:
    Origin- from maxilla opposite molar teeth.
    Insertion-upper lip.
    Lower fibers:
    Origin-from mandible opposite molar teeth.
    Insertion-lower lip.
    Middle fibers:
    Origin from pterigomandibular raphe.
    Insertion-decussate before passing to lips.
    Action- prevent accumulation of food in vestibule of
    mouth.Flattens cheek against teeth

    Incisivus labii superioris and inferioris


    Incisivus labii superioris has a bony origin from the floor of the incisive
    fossa of the maxilla above the eminence of the lateral incisor tooth.
    Its osseous attachment is to the floor of the incisive fossa of the mandible, lateral to
    mentalis and below the eminence of the lateral incisor tooth.
    Platysma
    Origin
    Upper part of pectoral and deltoid fascia.
    Insertion
    Base of mandible, skin of lower face and lip.
    Action
    Releases pressure of skin on the subjacent veins, depress mandible,
    pulls angle of mouth downwards.

    Risorius
    Origin
    Arises in the fascia over the parotid gland .
    Insertion
    Passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma.
    inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth.
    Actions :
    Pulls the corner of the mouth laterally in numerous facial activities,
    including grinning and laughing

    Nerve supply of face


    Sensory supply
    Ophthalmic division
    Supratrochlear
    Supraorbital
    Lacrimal
    Infratrochlear
    External nasal
    Maxillary nerve
    Infraorbital
    Zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal
    Mandibular nerve
    Auriculotemporal
    Buccal nerve
    Mental
    Skin over the mandibular angle is supplied by ant. Div. Of greater
    auricular n.
    Trigeminal nerve

    The trigeminal nerve is the primary source of innervations for the oral cavity.
    The trigeminal nerve subdivided into three main branches:
    Ophthalmic.
    Maxillary.
    Mandibular.
    Trigeminal nerve- Maxillary division
    The maxillary division subdivides to provide the following
    innervations:
    1:The nasopalatine nerve, which passes through the incisive
    foramen, supplying the mucoperiosteum (periosteum covered
    with mucous membrane) palatal to the maxillary anterior teeth.

    Trigeminal nerve- Maxillary division


    2. The anterior palatine nerve, which passes
    through the posterior palatine foramen and
    forward over the palate, supplying the
    mucoperiosteum intermingling with
    nasopalatine nerve.

    3. The anterior superior alveolar nerve


    supplies the maxillary central lateral and cuspid
    teeth, plus their periodontal membrane and
    gingiva. This nerve also supplies the maxillary
    sinus.

    Trigeminal nerve- Maxillary


    division
    4.The middle superior alveolar nerve supplies the
    maxillary first and second premolars, the mesiobuccal
    root of the maxillary first molar and maxillary sinus.

    5.The posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies the


    other roots of the maxillary first molar and the
    maxillary second and third molars, it also branches
    forward to serve the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus.

    Trigeminal nerve- Mandibular


    division
    The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve subdivides into:
    1) Buccal nerve.
    2) Lingual nerve.
    3) Inferior alveolar nerve, which subdivides into:
    Mylohyoid nerve branch.
    Small dental nerves branches.
    Mental nerve branch.
    Incisive nerve branch.
    Trigeminal nerve - Mandibular division
    1. The buccal nerve supplies branches to the buccal mucous
    membrane and the mucoperiosteum of the maxillary and
    mandibular molar teeth.

    2. The lingual nerve supplies the anterior 2/3 rd of the tongue


    and gives off branches to supply the lingual mucous membrane
    and mucoperiosteum.

    Trigeminal nerve - Mandibular division


    3. The inferior alveolar nerve subdivides into
    Mylohyoid nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscles and the anterior belly of the
    digastric's muscle.
    Small dental nerves supply the molar and premolar teeth, alveolar process and
    periosteum.

    Trigeminal nerve - Mandibular


    division
    Mental nerve, which moves outward and anteriorly through the
    mental foramen and supplies the chin and mucous membrane of
    the lower lip.
    Incisive nerve, which continues anteriorly within the bone and
    gives off small branches to supply the cuspid, lateral and central
    incisors.

    Nerve supply of face


    Motor supply:
    Facial nerve innervate the muscles of facial expression, salivary glands, lacrimal
    glands & sense of taste on the anterior 2/3 rd of the tongue.
    Applied
    Trigeminal neuralgia:
    Maxillary and mandibular nerve are involved.
    Excruciating pain in the region of distribution of these nerve.
    In infranuclear lesions of facial nerve (eg, Bells palsy) :- whole face is paralyzed
    c/f
    Affected side is motionless
    Loss of wrinkles
    Eye cannot be closed
    In smiling the mouth is drawn to normal side
    During mastication food accumulates in vestibule of mouth
    In supranuclear lesions of facial nerve only the lower part of face is paralyzed.
    The upper part (frontalis &part of orbicularis oculi) escapes due to its bilateral
    innervation.

    Dangerous area of face Infections from face mainly from


    upper lip & nose can go to cavernous sinus through ophthalmic vein and deep facial vein.

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