Maths Challenge Workbook, Grade 4 (PE) 1

Challenge
Workbook
PUPIL EDITION
G ra d e 4
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ISBN 0-15-320431-1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 082 2002 01 00
CONTENTS
Unit 1: UNDERSTAND NUMBERS Unit 2: DATA, GRAPHING, AND TIME

AND OPERATIONS
Chapter 5: Collect and Organize Data
Chapter 1: Place Value and 5.1 Find the Missing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Number Sense 5.2 Find the Median and the Mode . . . 24
1.1 Just Down the Road a Bit . . . . . . . . . 1 5.3 Line Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.2 Broken Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.4 How Many Marbles in a Jar? . . . . . . 26
1.3 Spin That Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.5 Did You Know? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4 Sun to Planet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.6 Use Graphic Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.5 The Complete Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 6: Analyze and Graph Data
Chapter 2: Compare and 6.1 Strike Up the Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Order Numbers 6.2 Temperature Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1 The Number Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.3 Find the Missing Scales . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2 In Between . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.4 Data Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3 Miles to Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.5 Whats the Reason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4 Basketball Bonanza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 7: Understand Time
Chapter 3: Add and Subtract 7.1 Stop That Watch! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Greater Numbers 7.2 What Time Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 Estimating Populations . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.3 Replace the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 Number Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7.4 Trinas Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.3 Money Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.5 Hatching Eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4 Daily Cross-Number Puzzle . . . . . . . 13
3.5 My Balance! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.6 Popular Hot Spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Unit 3: MULTIPLICATION AND
DIVISION FACTS
Chapter 4: Algebra: Use Addition
and Subtraction Chapter 8: Practice Multiplication and
4.1 Par for the Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Division Facts
4.2 Parentheses Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.1 Fact Family Bingo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 Whose Number is Closer to 10? . . . 18 8.2 Math Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.4 Another Look at Variables . . . . . . . . 19 8.3 Fingers and Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.5 Find a Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.4 Hand-y Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.6 Balance It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.5 Up, Down, or Diagonal . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.7 Deciphering the Kings Numbers . . . 22 8.6 Birthday Greetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Chapter 9: Algebra: Use Multiplication 13.3 Remainders Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
and Division Facts 13.4 Grouping Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9.1 Parentheses Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 13.5 Riddle-jam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9.2 Whats the Problem? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 13.6 Whats the Problem? . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
9.3 Keep It Equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 14: Divide by 1-Digit Divisors
9.4 Variable Grab Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
14.1 Break the Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
9.5 Say It Again, Sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
14.2 Remainders Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.6 Play by the Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
14.3 Super Checker! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
9.7 Flying Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
14.4 Create a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Unit 4: MULTIPLY BY 1- AND 2-DIGIT 14.5 Diagram Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
NUMBERS 14.6 Find the Missing Scores . . . . . . . . . 79
Chapter 10: Multiply by 1-Digit Chapter 15: Divide by 2-Digit Divisors

Numbers 15.1 Cookie Giveaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
10.1 The Powers That Be . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 15.2 Puzzled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
10.2 About the Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 15.3 Evenly Divided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10.3 Doubling and Halving . . . . . . . . . . . 54 15.4 Division Cipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10.4 Multiply 3-Digit Numbers . . . . . . . . 55 15.5 Whats for Lunch? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
10.5 Napiers Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Chapter 16: Patterns with Factors
10.6 Comparison Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . 57
and Multiples
Chapter 11: Understand Multiplication 16.1 Birthday Party Math . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1 Moving Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 16.2 Shipping Basketballs . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
11.2 Multiply Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 16.3 Number Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.3 Target Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 16.4 Something in Common . . . . . . . . . . 88
11.4 Cross-Number Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . 61 16.5 Pascals Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
11.5 Use the Word! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Unit 6: FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS
Chapter 12: Multiply by 2-Digit
Numbers Chapter 17: Understand Fractions
12.1 Digit Detective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 17.1 A Fraction of a Message . . . . . . . . . 90
12.2 The Bigger, the Better . . . . . . . . . . . 64 17.2 Equivalent Fraction Bingo! . . . . . . . 91
12.3 Lattice Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . 65 17.3 Colorful Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
12.4 Doubling Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 17.4 Estimating Fractional Parts . . . . . . . 93
12.5 Letter Go! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 17.5 Language Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . 94
17.6 A Mixed-Number Challenge . . . . . 95
Unit 5: DIVIDE BY 1-AND 2-DIGIT
DIVISORS Chapter 18: Add and Subtract Fractions
and Mixed Numbers
Chapter 13: Understand Division 18.1 Amazing Maze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
13.1 Number Riddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 18.2 Whats Left? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
13.2 Cookie Coordinating . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 18.3 All Mixed Up! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
18.4 What Breed Is Each Dog? . . . . . . . . 99 Chapter 23: Algebra: Explore
18.5 Total Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Negative Numbers
18.6 Cut Up! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 23.1 Fahrenheit Match-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 125
23.2 Heating Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Chapter 19: Understand Decimals 23.3 Number Riddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
19.1 Riddlegram! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 23.4 Logical Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
19.2 Decimal Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
19.3 Designing with Decimals . . . . . . . . 104 Chapter 24: Explore the Coordinate Grid
19.4 First-Second-Third . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 24.1 Checkmate! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
19.5 Money Combos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 24.2 Length on the
19.6 Missing Number Coordinate Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Mystery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 24.3 Use an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
24.4 Graph an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter 20: Add and Subtract Decimals 24.5 Problem Solving Skill: Identify
20.1 Super (Market) Estimations . . . . . . 108 Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
20.2Shop Till You Drop! . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
20.3 Play Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Unit 8: GEOMETRY
20.4Amazing Mazes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
20.5 Addition and Subtraction Chapter 25: Plane Figures
Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 25.1 Semaphore Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
20.6Think About It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 25.2 Mapmaker, Mapmaker,
Make Me a Map! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
25.3 Shapes in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Unit 7: MEASUREMENT, ALGEBRA,
25.4 Let it Snow! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
AND GRAPHING
25.5 Problem Solving Strategy:
Make a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Chapter 21: Customary Measurement
21.1 Pathfinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
21.2 Biking Adventure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Chapter 26: Perimeter and Area of
21.3 Cap This! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Plane Figures
21.4 Half Full or Half 26.1 Polygons in Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Empty? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 26.2 Block It Out! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
21.5 Which Weight? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 26.3 Unusual Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
21.6 Atlas Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 26.4 Flying Carpet Ride . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
26.5 Relate Formulas and Rules . . . . . . 143
26.6 Problem Solving Strategy:
Chapter 22: Metric Measurement
Find a Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22.1 Point A to Point B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
22.2 Wedding Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
22.3 Punch All Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Chapter 27: Solid Figures and Volume
22.4 Sweet Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 27.1 Riddle, Riddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
22.5 Ring-A-Ling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 27.2 Puzzle Watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
27.3 Estimate and Find Volume
of Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
27.4 Problem Solving Skill: Too Much/
Too Little Information . . . . . . . . . . 148
Chapter 28: Measure and Classify

Plane Figures
28.1 Pentamino Turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
28.2 Angle Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
28.3 Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
28.4 Circumference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
28.5 Classify Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
28.6 A Scavenger Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
28.7 Diagram Detective . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Unit 9: PROBABILITY
Chapter 29: Outcomes

29.1 Three Coins in a Fountain . . . . . . . 156
29.2 The Path of Probability . . . . . . . . . 157
29.3 Mystery Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
29.4 A Likely Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Chapter 30: Probability

30.1 Certainly Not! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
30.2 Heads or Tails? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
30.3 Word Wonders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
30.4 Name Mix-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Name LESSON 1.1
Just Down the Road a Bit
Black Creek
Hancock

Dover

Belmont
Rye

Taylorville North Adams Bristol
The distance from Taylorville to Rye is 10 miles.
Use the map. Estimate the distances.
1. Taylorville to North Adams
2. Hancock to Black Creek
3. Bristol to Dover
4. Belmont to Black Creek
5. Taylorville to Hancock
6. The distance between Taylorville and North Adams is about
the same as the distance between which other two towns?
7. The distance between which two towns is about 2 times

as great as the distance between Rye and Taylorville?
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8. It takes Don longer to bicycle from Bristol to North

Adams than to bicycle from Bristol to Dover, although
the distance is shorter. Explain why this might be so.
Challenge CW1
Name LESSON 1.2
Broken Records
Read each world record for the largest collection. Write the missing digit.
Then place the letter over the digit at the bottom of the page to answer
the question.
1. Ties: ten thousand, four hundred fifty-three 10,4 3 (W)
2. Refrigerator magnets: twelve thousand 1 ,000 (A)
3. Pens: fourteen thousand, four hundred ninety-two 1 , 492 (G)
4. Parking meters: two hundred sixty-nine 26 (S)
5. Get-well cards: thirty-three million 3 ,000,000 (M)
6. Four-leaf clovers: seven thousand, one hundred sixteen
,116 (R)
7. Earrings: eighteen thousand, seven hundred fifty 8,750 (U)
8. Credit cards: one thousand, three hundred eighty-four
1,3 4 (P)
9. Soda bottles: six thousand, five hundred ten , 510 (E)
10. Miniature bottles: twenty-nine thousand, five hundred eight
29,5 8 (B)
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11. What does John collect?
L
0 1 0 0 6 4 1 3 5 7 2 8 8 6 7 9
CW2 Challenge
Name LESSON 1.3
Spin That Number

Work Together
Use a pencil and a paper clip to

make a spinner like the one shown.
Play this game with a partner.

Each player spins the paper clip
six times. The players score is
the number that the paper clip
points to. The other player
keeps score, using tally marks.
After each round, find the total
value for each player. The player
with the higher value wins. Play
three rounds.
Sample Scorecard
Name 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1 Total Value
1. Scorecard
Name 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1 Total Value
2.
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3.
4. What is the highest possible total value for one round?
Challenge CW3
Name LESSON 1.4
Sun to Planet
For Problems 17, use the table.
Planet Distance from the Sun in Miles

Mercury 36,000,000
Venus 67,000,000
Earth 93,000,000
Mars 141,000,000
Jupiter 486,000,000
Saturn 892,000,000
1. Which two planets are closest together?
2. Which planet is about twice as far from the sun as Mercury is?
3. What is the distance between Earth and Saturn?
4. Which planet is closest to Earth?
5. Which planet is closest to Jupiter?

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6. Which two planets are 856,000,000 miles apart?
7. Which planet is about ten times as far from the sun as Earth is?
CW4 Challenge
Name LESSON 1.5
The Complete Picture

Complete the pictograph and the chart using the information
provided.
The Five Most Populated States in the U.S.A. and their Estimated Populations
California: 30,000,000
Florida:
New York: 20,000,000
Pennsylvania: 10,000,000
Texas:
The Five Most Populated States in the U.S.A.

California
Florida
New York
Pennsylvania
Texas
Key: Each = people.
1. Explain how you completed your chart and pictograph.

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2. Could the sixth most populated state have an estimated

population of fourteen million? Explain.
Challenge CW5
LESSON 2.1
Name
The Number Machine

How can the number machine
change the number
2,744 to 2,044 in one step?
Subtract 700.
Tell how the number machine can change one number to the
other in one step.
1. 3,825 3,805 2. 1,649 649 3. 4,646 4,006
4. 421,715 420,715 5. 893,686 893,286 6. 57,237 50,007
7. 54,764,823 8. 1,335 1,835 9. 738,231 739,231

54,764,826
10. 77,123 77,723 11. 50,234 50,555 12. 914,695 914,700
Find the numbers that are described.

13. 6,314 a. 2,000 greater 14. 5,967 a. 5,000 greater
b. 2,000 less b. 5,000 less

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15. 16,802 a. 10,000 greater 16. 81,043 a. 500 greater
b. 10,000 less b. 500 less
17. 99,999 a. 1,000 greater 18. 20,000 a. 1,000 greater
b. 1,000 less b. 1,000 less
CW6 Challenge
LESSON 2.2
Name
In Between
For 18, fill in the blanks by choosing one of the numbers from the box.
1,335 5,160 57 2,015,675

349 498 3,145,000 15,721
5,289 615,460 1,672 4,900
3,456 572 1,020 365
29 3,450,000 43 15,440
1. Heights of mountains in feet: 1,535 1,025
2. Temperatures in degrees Celsius: 25 36
3. Populations of cities: 615,450 615,490
4. Lengths of tunnels in feet: 5,280 5,046
5. Ages of trees in years: 241 356
6. Lengths of rivers in miles: 3,710 2,980
7. Numbers of stamps in collections: 490 563
8. Numbers of mosquitoes in swamps: 2,500,000 3,300,000

For 914, circle the number that is between the greatest
number and the least number.
9. Depths of lakes in feet: 328 230 390
10. Heights of mountains in feet: 20,320 14,573 14,730

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11. Heights of volcanic eruptions in feet: 9,991 9,175 9,003
12. Numbers of Kennel Club collies

registered: 14,025 14,281 14,073
13. Highest recorded Alaska temperatures: 107 112 115
14. Daily log-ons to the internet 3,673,471 3,841,391 3,897,100
Challenge CW7
LESSON 2.3
Name
Miles to Go
New
Wash
Jacks
Talla
Char
New
Ralei
Orle
ingto
onvil
le
hasse
Mileage Chart
Y o rk
ston,
ans, L
gh , N
n, D.C
le, FL
e, FL
, NY
S
A
C
.
Charleston, SC 239 781 764 281 404 525
Jacksonville, FL 239 546 940 455 165 702
New Orleans, LA 781 546 1,324 860 390 1,085

New York, NY 764 940 1,324 492 1,105 238
Raleigh, NC 281 455 860 492 615 256
Tallahassee, FL 404 165 390 1,105 615 868
Washington, D.C. 525 702 1,085 238 256 868
Follow these steps to find the driving distance between

New York, NY, and Tallahassee, FL.
Locate New York along the top of the chart.
Locate Tallahassee along the side of the chart.
Follow the column down, and the row across.
The number at which they intersect is the driving
distance, in miles, between them.
So, the driving distance between New York and
Tallahassee is 1,105 miles.
The Coronado family traveled from New York to Charleston, SC,

in 3 days. Use the mileage chart to find the number of miles they
traveled each day.
1. 2. 3.
DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3

New York, NY Washington, D.C. Raleigh, NC
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to to to
Washington, D.C. Raleigh, NC Charleston, SC
4. On which day did they travel the greatest distance?

the least distance?
CW8 Challenge
LESSON 2.4
Name
Basketball Bonanza
The basketball club held a contest to guess the number of
points famous players scored in their career. Winners got
a basketball autographed with the players name.
Guesses closest to the players scores won. These are the
winning guesses.
Billy guessed 27,300. Antoine guessed 38,400.
Shaun guessed 29,300. Samantha guessed 26,700.
Terry guessed 26,500. Pat guessed 27,400.
Willie guessed 31,400. Jon guessed 26,400.
Place the name of the winner on the basketball.

1. 2. 3. 4.
Oscar Dominique Moses John
Robertson Wilkins Malone Havlicek
26,710 26,534 27,409 26,395
5. 6. 7. 8.
Michael Elvin Wilt Kareem
Jordan Hayes Chamberlin Abdul Jabbar
29,277 27,313 31,419 38,387
9. If you round the scores to the nearest thousand, which

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four players would have the same score?
10. Who scored the most points in his career?
Challenge CW9
LESSON 3.1
Name
Estimating Populations
POPULATIONS: 1790 1820
State 1790 1800 1810 1820
Connecticut 237,655 251,002 261,942 275,248
Massachusetts 378,556 422,845 472,040 523,287
New Hampshire 141,899 183,858 214,460 244,161
Rhode Island 69,112 69,122 76,931 83,059
The table shows how the populations of four New England states changed
from 17901820. Use the table to answer the questions. Estimate each
answer to the nearest ten thousand.
1. About how many people lived in either New Hampshire or
Connecticut in 1790?
2. About how many people lived in either Connecticut or

Massachusetts in 1820?
3. About how many more people lived in Massachusetts than

New Hampshire in 1820?
4. About how many more people lived in New Hampshire in 1820

than in 1790?
5. About how many people lived in the four New England states in 1790?
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6. About how many people lived in the four New England states in 1820?
7. About how many more people lived in the four New England states
in 1820 than in 1790?
CW10 Challenge
LESSON 3.2
Name
Number Pyramids
Number pyramids gain new squares by adding together the
two numbers in the squares beneath. Use this simple pattern:
C
A B
ABC 10
For example, given 6 4 6 4 10. So, 6 4 .
Depending on which numbers are given, you may also use

subtraction: C B A or C A B.
Solve the number pyramids using mental math.

1. 2.
130 170 120
90 80 20 80
3. 4.
240 190
90
80 60 30
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5. 6.
260 350
180
80 70 100
7. Make two of your own pyramids.
Challenge CW11
LESSON 3.3
Name
Money Math
Write each amount from the box below in a money bag to make
the number sentences true.
$645 $2,107 $1,310 $2,306

$1,632 $448 $1,099 $893
1. $1,685 = $792 2. $576 = $1,886
3. $690 $409 = 4. $2,257 = $1,612
5. $923 $1,184 = 6. $456 = $1,850
7. $1,945 = $1,497 8. $1,163 = $2,795

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9. If you put the money from each money bag into one
large money bag, will you be putting in an amount that
is greater than or less than $10,000?
CW12 Challenge
LESSON 3.4
Name
Daily Cross-Number Puzzle

Find the difference. Enter your answers in the cross-number puzzle.
Across
1. 300 4. 284 1 2 3 4 5 6
158 102

7 8
7. 2,000 8. 1,400 9
1,177 1,113
10 11 12 13
14
9. 800 10. 10,000
685 9,925
15 16 17 18
19 20
11. 5,001 14. 1,710
2,438 189

15. 10,201 18. 501 19. 9,007 20. 324

2,238 402 4,789 226

Down
1. 3,008 2. 5,200 3. 700 4. 25,000
1,191 985 465 12,245

5. 1,280 6. 1,000 11. 4,003 12. 10,106

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1,192 973 1,865 3,807

13. 8,907 15. 104 16. 9,001 17. 3,114

5,709 30 8,909 3,053

Challenge CW13
LESSON 3.5
Name
My Balance!
Ted forgot to enter all of his checks and deposits into his check
register. Fill in the missing information from these checks to help
Ted find the balance in his account.
Check Date Description Amount of Amount of Balance

Number Check Deposit
$897.54
645 1/17 Shirts Galore $38.75
646 1/18 Newton News $16.88
1/18 paycheck $325.76
647 1/18 Burger Buster
648 1/19 Snipper Salon $13.67

649 1/20 Ring-A-Ling $144.91
650 1/20 Walkin Wear
651 1/20 Harrys Hats $478.23

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652 1/21 Auto Al $30.99
1/21 bonus check $675.25
CW14 Challenge
LESSON 3.6
Name
Popular Hot Spots

Many people like the warm weather in the state of Florida.
Listed below are the populations for major cities in Florida.
Florida Cities City Population

Fort Lauderdale 149,377
Tallahassee
Jacksonville
Hialeah 188,004
Jacksonville 635,230

Orlando
Miami 358,548 Tampa

St. Petersburg
Orlando 164,693
St. Petersburg 238,629 Fort Lauderdale
Tallahassee 124,773
Hialeah Miami
Tampa 280,015
Tell if an estimate or exact answer is needed. Solve.

1. What is the difference in population between Hialeah and Orlando?
2. Which three cities have a total population about the same as

Jacksonville?
3. The cities of Tampa and St. Petersburg share an airport. Do you think
that the Tampa-St. Petersburg airport would be larger than the
Jacksonville airport? Explain.
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4. How many more people live in Fort Lauderdale than in Tallahassee?
Challenge CW15
LESSON 4.1
Name
Par for the Course

In golf the par for a hole is the number of
strokes, or hits, it takes an average golfer
to put the ball in the hole.
par for the hole: 4
If a golfer is under par, it means that he
golfers strokes: 1 under par
or she took fewer than the par number of
golfers score: 4 1 3
strokes to put the ball in the hole.
par for the hole: 4
If a golfer is over par, it means that he or
golfers strokes: 2 over par
she took more than the par number of
golfers score: 4 2 6
strokes to put the ball in the hole.
For 16, find the golfers score for each hole.

1. 2. 3.
Par: 3 Par: 4 Par: 3

Strokes: 1 under par Strokes: 1 under par Strokes: 1 over par
Score: Score: Score:

4. 5. 6.
Par: 2 Par: 3 Par: 5

Strokes: par Strokes: 2 over par Strokes: 2 under par
Score: Score: Score:

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7. a. Add the par numbers for the

holes to find the par for the course. Par for the course:
b. Add the golfers scores for the holes

to find her or his score for the course. Score for the course:
c. Was the golfer over or under par for

the course? By how much?
CW16 Challenge
LESSON 4.2
Name
Parentheses Fun
Place the parentheses to make the expression equal 4.
1. 64 2 2. 2 42 3. 54 21
4. 53 31 5. 76 52 6. 6 42 4
7. 4352 4 8. 31 42 22
Use the rules below to play the Parentheses Game with a partner.
A. Use only the numbers 05.
B. Use only addition and subtraction.
C. Use as many parentheses as possible.
D. The expression should equal 2.
The winner is the one that writes the most examples.
Make up your own parentheses game. Write the rules and write
Harcourt
your own examples.
Challenge CW17
LESSON 4.3
Name
Whose Number is Closer to 10?

The object of this game is to write a number that is closer to
10 than your partners number.
You name any 2 numbers, for example, 9 and 4. Your
partner names any 2 numbers, for example, 6 and 2.
Each of you must write an expression using all 4 numbers
in any order. You must use at least one set of parentheses.
You may use only the and symbols.
Find the value of your expression and compare it to your
partners number. The one whose result is closer to 10
gets a point. For example:
You write: (9 6) (4 2). The value of your expression is 9.
Your partner writes: 4 (6 2) 9. The value of your partners
expression is 17.
9 is closer to 10, so you get a point.
The first to get 10 points is the winner.
Remember, you may use 2-digit or 3-digit numbers.
Harcourt
CW18 Challenge
LESSON 4.4
Name
Another Look at Variables

Write an expression for each of the following. Use n for the
unknown number.
1. four less than a number 2. two more than a number and
four
3. ten more than a number plus 3 4. three increased by a number

minus 5
5. a number increased by the same 6. six and a number decreased by

number seven
Write and solve an equation for each of the following. Choose a

variable for the unknown number.
7. There are 20 channels available on the TV. Five are local.
How many are not local?
8. There are 17 children in the class. Five more students join

the class. How many students are in the class?
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9. Eight books were removed from the shelf. Three books

are still on the shelf. How many books were on the shelf
to start?
Challenge CW19
LESSON 4.5
Name
Find a Rule
Complete the table using the given rule.
1. ab7 2. a5b 3. 3ab
a b a b a b
7 5 2
3 19 4
5 11 15
4 51 0
Find a rule for the output values. Write the rule as an equation
that includes variables a and b.
4. Output b: 5, 7, 9, 11
5. Output b: 10, 7, 4, 1
6. Output b: 6, 12, 24, 48
Write a sequence for the rule.
7. a4b
8. a (2 1) b
9. a (3 3) b
10. a (4 3) b
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11. (a 2) 2 b
12. (a 4) (2 1) b
CW20 Challenge
LESSON 4.6
Name
Balance It
Write the expressions from the box below above the pans of the
balances so that the two amounts on a balance are the same.
89 77 38 20 6

56 12 4 15 0 91
11 6 18 3 99 14 2
11 7 66 17 8 13 4
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
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7. 8.
Challenge CW21
LESSON 4.7
Name
Deciphering the Kings Numbers

You and your friends visit the ruins of an ancient civilization.
There are many stone tablets carved with English words, but the
numbers are in strange symbols. So far, no one can decode the
symbols. Can you?
There are four number symbols: , , , and .
Passage 1: The King
has grandsons, 1. What number does represent?
together they have
6 knees.
Passage 2: Every 2. Which digit is greater, or ?
birthday the King gives
his daughter more
flowers compared to the 3. What is ( ) ( )?
previous year. This year
he gave her
flowers. Last year she 4. How many horses does the Prince have?
got flowers.
Passage 3: The King
has horses. That 5. What is ?
is more than the
Princes horses.
Make up your own code of symbols for the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Write 3 of your symbols in several different
expressions. Ask a friend to decode your 3 symbols. Harcourt
CW22 Challenge
LESSON 5.1
Name
Find the Missing Data

The Lane family drove their car on vacation. At the end of
each day, Mr. Lane recorded the number of miles that
they had driven.
1. Complete the table to find out how far the Lanes
traveled each day.
Total Miles
Day Miles in One Day (Cumulative Frequency)
Monday 150 miles
Tuesday 225 miles
Wednesday 368 miles
Thursday 378 miles
Friday 500 miles
Saturday 575 miles
Matt took a notebook on the trip. He used the notebook
to draw pictures and play games with his sister.
2. Look at the table below. How many notebook pages did
Matt use by the end of the trip?

3. Complete the table to find out how many pages Matt
used on each day of the trip.
Total Pages
Day Pages in One Day (Cumulative Frequency)
Monday 20 pages
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Tuesday 33 pages
Wednesday 45 pages
Thursday 73 pages
Friday 80 pages
Saturday 80 pages
Challenge CW23
LESSON 5.2
Name
Find the Median and the Mode
1. What numbers are missing from this group?

The mode is 10, and the median is 9.
4, 4, 6, 8, , 10, 10, , 11
For 27, use the table below.
RECYCLING CLUB MEMBERS

Grade Number of Students
2 7
3 6
4 5
5 3
2. What is the median grade of students in the recycling club?
3. What grade is the mode?
4. Would the median grade change if one new second-

grader and one fifth-grader joined the recycling club?
5. If two second-grade students quit the recycling club,

and three fifth-graders and one fourth-grader joined
the club, what would the median grade be?
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6. Change the data in the table so that you have two

modes.
7. What is the median for your new data?
CW24 Challenge
LESSON 5.3
Name
Line Plot
Stephanie is comparing the number of letters in her
classmates first names. She printed each students name
on a piece of paper. She then began to count and record
the number of letters in each name.
1. Complete Stephanies line plot by recording the number of
letters in the first names of the other students in her class.
Jennifer Zachary Lee Elizabeth Dimitri

Ted Inderjeet Trudi Malcolm Lauren
Carl Koko Matthew Moe Kathleen
Juan Joanie Christopher Oscar Ramona
Paul Siri Mercedes Kevin Alan
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of Letters in First Name
For 25, use the completed line plot.

2. How many first names have 7 letters?
3. What is the most frequent number of letters in a first
name in Stephanies class?

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4. What is the range of this data?

5. Would the data be different if you
made a line plot for the number of
letters in the first names of students
in your class? Make a list of names
and a line plot for your classmates. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Challenge CW25
LESSON 5.4
Name
How Many Marbles in a Jar?

Mr. Murphy asked each of the students in his class to
estimate the number of marbles in a jar. He organized the
estimates in a stem-and-leaf plot.
Marble Estimates
Stem Leaves
6 35567
7 000445899
8 03366
9 05
6 | 3 means 63 marbles.
For 14, use the stem-and-leaf plot.

1. What number was estimated by the greatest number
of students?
2. What is the median in this set of estimates?
3. What is the difference between the highest estimate and
the lowest estimate?

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4. Use the following clues and the stem-and-leaf plot to

determine the exact number of marbles in the jar.
Only one student guessed the exact number.
The exact number is not a multiple of 5.
The exact number has 7 tens.
There are exactly marbles in the jar.
CW26 Challenge
LESSON 5.5
Name
Did You Know? Animal Age (in years)

The table shows the Cat 28
oldest recorded age
of some animals. Dog 20
Goat 18
Rabbit 13
Guinea Pig 8
Mouse 6
Use the data in the table above to complete the graph. Draw bars
across the graph to show the age of each animal.
Oldest Recorded Ages of Animals
Cat
Dog
Goat
Animal
Rabbit
Guinea Pig
Mouse
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Age (in years)
1. What interval is used in the scale of the graph?

Harcourt
2. For which animals do the bars end exactly on the scale lines?
3. If the graph had a scale with intervals of 2, how many

bars would end exactly on the scale lines?
Challenge CW27
LESSON 5.6
Name
Use Graphic Aids SODA CANS COLLECTED

Students collected empty soda cans. Monday 41
The amounts collected are shown in
the table. Tuesday 37
1. What is the range of the data in Wednesday 30
the table? Thursday 25
2. On a bar graph of this data, what
Friday 20
scale, other than 1, would allow the
most bars to end exactly on a scale line?
3. Using your answers to 1 and 2, make a bar graph of the
data in the table.
4. On which two consecutive days did the students

collect the most cans?
5. When would it be easier to use a graph instead of a

table to find an answer?
Harcourt
6. When would it be easier to use a table instead of a

graph to find an answer?
CW28 Challenge
LESSON 6.1
Name
Strike Up the Band
INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN THE SCHOOL BAND

12
Key:
Number of Students
10
8
6
4
2
0
s
et
t
um
pe
in
m
Dr
ar
u
Cl
Tr
Instrument
1. Use the clues to fill in the missing information on this

double-bar graph.
The same number of boys and girls play the trombone.
More boys than girls play the trumpet.
Two more boys than girls play the drums.
More girls play the flute than any other instrument.
The same number of boys play the flute and the trombone.
Twice as many girls as boys play the clarinet.
For 25, use the completed graph.

2. Which instruments are played by more boys than girls?
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3. Do more students play the flute or the trumpet?
4. Are there more boys or more girls in the band?
5. How many students are in the band?
Challenge CW29
LESSON 6.2
Name
Temperature Patterns
MONTHLY NORMAL TEMPERATURES IN BOSTON AND SAN FRANCISCO
80
70

60

Temperature (in F)

50

40
30
Key:
20 Boston
10 San Francisco
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
This line graph shows the normal temperatures in

Boston and San Francisco for each month of the year.
1. What does the dashed line represent?
2. What is normally the coldest month in Boston?
3. What is normally the warmest month in San Francisco?
4. In which city is the difference in temperature between

the summer months and the winter months greater?
Harcourt
5. During which months is the normal temperature in the

two cities the same?
CW30 Challenge
LESSON 6.3
Name
Find the Missing Scales

The line graphs below show the number of sales of several items
in The Red Balloon Toy Shop during one week.
1. Use the following information to fill in the missing
scales in each graph.
There were 10 more puzzles sold on Monday than on Tuesday.
The number of models sold on Wednesday was 5.
There were 60 paint sets sold during the week.
There were 8 more games sold on Thursday than on Friday.
PUZZLE SALES MODEL SALES
40 8
Number Sold
Number Sold
30 6

20 4
10 2
0 0
M T W Th F S M T W Th F S
Day Day
PAINT SET SALES GAME SALES

20 16
15 12
Number Sold
Number Sold
10 8

5 4
0 0
M T W Th F S M T W Th F S
Day Day
For 25, use the graphs.
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2. How many models were sold in all during the week?
3. On which day was the greatest number of paint sets sold?
4. Were there more sales of models or games on Monday?

5. Write two more similar questions using the data in the graphs.
Challenge CW31
LESSON 6.4
Name
Data Display
Corina recorded the grades that she got on her spelling
test each week for nine weeks. She displayed the data in
two different ways.
A B SPELLING TEST GRADES
100

90

80

70
75 80 85 90 95 100
60
Spelling Test Grades
Grade 50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Week
Circle the letter of the graph or plot you would use to answer
each question. Then answer the question.
1. What grade did Corina get most often? A B
2. What grade did Corina get in Week 5? A B

3. Did Corinas grades improve or decline between Weeks 5 and 8?
A B
4. What is the range of Corinas grades? A B

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5. By how many points did Corinas grade improve between Weeks 2 and 3?
A B
6. What is the median of Corinas grades? A B
CW32 Challenge
LESSON 6.5
Name
Whats the Reason?

The graph at the right shows the number of students
enrolled at Kensington Elementary in 7 different years.
When we read a graph, we Enrollment at Kensington Elementary
can make conclusions about
what happened, then try to
Number of Students
think of reasons why those
things might have happened.
For example:
Conclusion: The number of
students enrolled at
Kensington Elementary rose
steadily between 1940, 1950,
and 1960. Year
Possible Reason: The community around the school

was growing steadily, meaning that there were more
children to attend Kensington Elementary.
Give a possible reason for each of the following

conclusions.
1. Conclusion: There was a sharp increase in the number
of students between 1960 and 1970.
Possible Reason:
2. Conclusion: The number of students enrolled at

Kensington Elementary began to decrease steadily
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after 1980.
Possible Reason:
Challenge CW33
LESSON 7.1
Name
Stop That Watch!

Work with a partner to estimate and then check how many times
you can do different activities in one minute.
You need a watch with a second hand.
1. Record your estimates and findings in the tables.
Partner 1 Name Partner 2 Name
Estimated Actual Estimated Actual

Activity Number of Number of Activity Number of Number of
Repetitions Repetitions Repetitions Repetitions
Write your Write your

name. name.
Hop on Hop on
one foot. one foot.
Draw a Draw a
star and star and
color it. color it.
Walk Walk
around around
your desk your desk
or table. or table.
Count Count
to 200. to 200.
2. How close are the actual numbers to your estimated

numbers? Write a paragraph to explain.
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CW34 Challenge
LESSON 7.2
Name
What Time Is It?

Each clock shows a time in the morning or the afternoon.
Each clock has a letter that you will use to find the secret message.
M Y E A P O
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5
A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. P.M.

F I A T R !
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5
P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. P.M.

1. Find the 4:00 A.M. clock. Write that clocks letter in the first
box. Continue matching the times, with the clocks. Write
the letter next to the clock in the box above the time.
What is the secret message?
4 A.M. 7 A.M. 9 A.M. 11 A.M. 1 P.M. 1:55 P.M. 2 P.M.
1
4 P.M. 5 P.M. 9 P.M. 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour hour
2
after before before before
1 P.M. 5 A.M. midnight midnight
2. Use the letters above the clocks at the top of the page
Harcourt
to write the longest word you can in the spaces below.

Also write the time for each letter.
Challenge CW35
LESSON 7.3
Name
Replace the Batteries

Mr. Smith went into his clock shop on Monday morning.
Several of his clocks were running slow. He realized that
he needed to replace the batteries in those clocks and
reset the time.
The exact time is 8:10. Write how much time each clock has lost.
Use the abbreviations hr and min.
1. 2.
11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5
3. 4.
6:28 8:05
5. 6.
7:51 5:10
Harcourt
7. 8.
11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5
CW36 Challenge
LESSON 7.4
Name
Trinas Tuesday
Read the following story about Trinas Tuesday. Then make an
ordered list of the 15 things that happened to Trina, starting at
2:00 A.M. Tuesday and continuing until 11:00 P.M. Wednesday.
Trina woke up to the sound of her alarm clock at 6:00
A.M. She felt tired because a thunder storm woke her up at
2:00 A.M. She ate breakfast at 7:00 A.M. and took the bus at
8:00 A.M. On the bus Trina studied for her Math test,
which was at 2:00 P.M.
She arrived at school at 9:00 A.M. The teacher told Trina
that there was an assembly at 1:00 P.M. Trina did Social
Studies at 10:00 A.M., and at 12:00 P.M., she ate lunch.
At 3:00 P.M. she took the bus home. Dinner was at 6:00 P.M.
Trina was happy that she had done all of her homework at
4:00 P.M. so she was able to play outside at 7:00 P.M. At
9:00 P.M., Trina went to sleep. She heard her baby brother cry
at 11:00 P.M. but went right back to sleep.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Challenge CW37
LESSON 7.5
Name
Hatching Eggs
The table shows the average incubation time for eggs of different
kinds of birds. Incubation time is the number of days between the
time an egg is laid and the time it hatches.
INCUBATION TIME FOR EGGS

Average Number
Kind of Bird
of Days
Chicken 21
Duck 30
Turkey 26
Goose 30
For Problems 16, use the table and a calendar.

1. How much longer does it usually take a ducks egg to
hatch than a chickens egg?
2. If a chicken lays an egg on June 1, on about what date
should the egg hatch?
3. If a duck lays an egg on June 21, on about what date
should the egg hatch?
4. A turkey egg hatches on July 4. On about what date was
the turkey egg laid?

Harcourt
5. A goose egg hatches on the last day in July. On about
what date was the goose egg laid?
6. A chick is 3 days old on July 31. On what date did the
chicken egg hatch?
On about what date was the egg laid?
CW38 Challenge
LESSON 8.1
Name
Fact Family Bingo

Master basic multiplication facts with a friendly game of
Fact Family Bingo. Play with several students.
To play:
Have one player call out one equation from the
Fact Family of his or her choice.
The other players look for another equation
from that Fact Family on their bingo board. If a
player finds one, he or she places a scrap of paper
on that equation.
The first player to complete a row across, down,
or diagonally says Fact Family Bingo.
CARD A CARD B
2 4 3 11 1
3
412
318 2 3 11 1 4
1214 48 39
5 7 2 8

525 4
216 2 24
945
880 6 9
1296
3

210 1 FREE 12
315
999 39 FREE 13 8
1210
7 9 5 2 6 2 12

840 8
918
648 9 6 12 7 7 7
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6 5 5 7 10

1260
672
990
630 9 9
763 7 10 10
Challenge CW39
LESSON 8.2
Name
Math Machinery
Each machine in Marikos Machinery Shop does different
things with the numbers put into it.
Complete the In and Out columns for each machine.

1. 2.
3. 4.
5 10
8 16
4
6
12
2
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5. The machine in Problem 4 needs to be reprogrammed

to do the same job in one step instead of two. How can
this be done?
CW40 Challenge
LESSON 8.3
Name
Fingers and Factors

Mickeys mother taught him how to multiply by using his
fingers. She said this is a very old method. It only works
when the factors are greater than 5. Here are the steps
Mickey followed to find the product of 7 8.
Step 1 7 is 2 more than 5. Turn down 2 fingers of

the left hand.
Step 2 8 is 3 more than 5. Turn down 3 fingers of
the right hand.
Step 3 Multiply the number of 5 10 50
turned-down fingers by 10.
Step 4 Multiply the number of not 326
turned-down fingers of one
hand by the number of not
turned-down fingers of the
other hand.
Step 5 Add the products. 50 6 56
So, 7 8 56.
Use the above method to find the product.
1. 68 2. 66 3. 77

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4. 79 5. 98 6. 67
7. 99 8. 69 9. 88
10. 76 11. 87 12. 96
13. 86 14. 97 15. 89
Challenge CW41
LESSON 8.4
Name
Hand-y Multiplication
A handy method for multiplying with facts with 9s is
finger multiplication.
Use both hands with fingers spread apart.
Label the fingers consecutively from 1 to 10, as shown.
To multiply, bend the multiplier finger. For the basic

fact 3 9, you bend finger number 3, as shown below.
multiplier
7 ones
2 tens
3 9 27
The fingers to the left of the multiplier give the tens in the
product. The fingers to the right of the multiplier give the
ones in the product.
Solve by using finger multiplication. Draw a picture of what each

hand looks like.
1. 79 2. 59
Harcourt
CW42 Challenge
LESSON 8.5
Name
Up, Down, or Diagonal

Find three numbers in a row that have the given product. Draw a
line through the three numbers. You may draw the line across, up
and down, or diagonally.
1. product: 36 2. product: 120 3. product: 90
1 2 5 2 9 5 7 2 9
6 3 0 3 5 7 3 5 1
7 6 2 5 6 4 2 4 9

4 3 6 7 4 5 3 8 6
2 5 7 2 8 6 6 3 4
0 8 2 6 4 3 9 6 2
5 3 4 4 6 2 7 6 2
4 2 8 9 7 4 1 4 7
7 9 3 3 2 8 9 5 8
3 7 3 4 5 3 6 5 3
2 4 6 8 0 7 6 2 4
7 4 12 6 9 4 7 8 9
13. Make your own puzzle.

Harcourt
Exchange with a partner

to solve.
product:
Challenge CW43
LESSON 8.6
Name
Birthday Greetings
Grandma Gallagher will soon be 75 years old. Her ten
grandchildren made a card to give her on her birthday.
They will sign their names in order from oldest to youngest.
Use the clues below to find the age of each grandchild. Record the
names in the chart.
1. Ryan is 8 years old. 20 yr
2. Nadia is 5 years younger than Ryan.
19 yr
3. Nick is 6 times as old as Nadia.
18 yr
4. Mary Kate is 4 years older than Ryan.
5. Emma is 2 years older than Nadia. 17 yr
6. Charlotte is half as old as Mary Kate. 16 yr

7. Jack is 4 times as old as Emma.
15 yr
8. Margaret is 4 years older than Charlotte.
14 yr
9. Laura is 7 years younger than Nick.
10. Michael is twice as old as Ryan. 13 yr
For Problems 1112, use the chart. 12 yr
11. Who will sign the card first? last? 11 yr
10 yr
12. Who will be the fifth person to
9 yr
sign the card?
8 yr
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7 yr
6 yr
5 yr
4 yr
3 yr
CW44 Challenge
LESSON 9.1
Name
Parentheses Puzzles
Look at the array. See how the numbers on the outside are
the result of multiplying the expressions and numbers on
the inside from left to right or top to bottom.
3 (5 2) 21
(2 9) 4 44
33 28
Arrange the inside expressions and numbers in the Parentheses

Puzzle so that the top-to-bottom and left-to-right products equal
the outside numbers.
1. Inside: 2, (6 4), (8 2), 5 2. Inside: (2 7), (12 5), 4, 6
Outside: 10, 12, 50, 60 Outside: 28, 42, 54, 36
5
(8 2)
50
Arrange the inside expressions and numbers in the Parentheses

Puzzle so that the top-to-bottom and left-to-right differences
equal the outside numbers.
3. Inside: (4 5), (2 2), 18, 5 4. Inside: (7 4), (2 9),
(6 3), (2 10)
Outside: 1, 2, 14, 15 Outside: 2, 10, 8, 0
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(4 5) 5 15
Challenge CW45
LESSON 9.2
Name
Whats the Problem?

Write a problem that matches the expression. Then find the value of
the expression to solve your problem.
1. 10 (2 4) 2. (9 5) 4
3. 3 (5 4) 4. (6 9) 7
5. 22 (2 8) 6. (3 12) 10
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CW46 Challenge
LESSON 9.3
Name
Keep It Equal
When the same amount of weight is on
each side of a scale, the scale is balanced.
If there is more weight on one side, the
scale will tip to that side.
Use the information to balance the scale.
1 weighs one pound.
1 weighs two pounds.
1 weighs three pounds.
1 4 7 pounds and 3 1 7 pounds.
So the scale is balanced.
Tell how to make the scales balance?
1. 2.
3. 4.
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Challenge CW47
LESSON 9.4
Name
Variable Grab Bag

Practice finding the value of an expression by playing
Variable Grab Bag. Copy the table below onto a piece of
paper and cut out the numbers 1 through 12. These are
values for the variable b. Put the pieces into a bag or hat.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Without looking, Player A grabs one number out of the
bag, uses it to find the value of the first expression, and
records the result as points in the correct column. If the
result is not a whole number, the player gets 5 points.
After replacing the number, it is Player Bs turn. Players
continue taking turns. Find the total number of points for
the 10 rounds. The player with more points is the winner.
Round Expression Player A Player B
1 4b points points
2 20 b points points
3 b8 points points
4 7b points points
6 b9 points points
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9 b2 points points
10 b2 points points
TOTAL POINTS points points
CW48 Challenge
LESSON 9.5
Name
Say It Again, Sam

When writing equations to match words, there is usually
more than one correct answer.
Example Write an equation using a variable.
5 towels in each of 7 stacks is the total number of towels.
Kriss equation: 5 7 t
Debs equation: t 7 5
In both equations, t is the total number of towels.
One equation is given. Give another possible equation.
1. A total number of eggs, n, in 5 2. 6 pages each in 4 baby books is

cartons is 3 eggs in each carton. the total number of pages, p.
n53 64p
Write 2 possible equations.

3. 12 players on each of 8 4. 50 campers split among 10
basketball teams is the total cabins is the number of
number of players, p. campers, c, in each cabin.
5. 2 socks in each of some number 6. 100 pieces of firewood divided

of pairs, p, is 24 socks. into 5 piles is some number, f,
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in each pile.
Challenge CW49
LESSON 9.6
Name
Play by the Rules

An input/output table can have any kind of rule.
Sometimes a rule is one step, like multiply by 4.
Sometimes a rule is two steps. Can you find a rule for the
input/output table?
Input Output Think: What operations on 3 give a value of 10?

Idea: Multiply by 3, then add 1.
3 10
Test your idea for input 5.
5 14 Does (5 3) 1 14?
Try again: Multiply by 2, then add 4.
6 16
10 24 Does (5 2) 4 14?
Does (6 2) 4 16?
Does (10 2) 4 24?
So, a rule for the input/output table is multiply by 2, then
add 4.
Find a rule for each input/output table. Remember, you must test
your rule on each row!
1. Input Output 2. Input Output
3 9 20 14
4 11 16 12
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8 19 8 8
10 23 10 9
CW50 Challenge
LESSON 9.7
Name
Flying Around
Marty the Fly is standing on the grid below. When he flies,
it is always one whole space either straight up, straight
down, directly left, or directly right.
Follow Martys moves and tell where he lands.
Marty makes the following moves:
Starting in space D8, Marty moves 2 spaces up, 3 spaces
right, 4 spaces left, 5 spaces up, 3 spaces right, 2 spaces
down, 3 spaces right, 1 space up and 2 spaces left.
A B C D E F G H I J
9
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10
1. Where does Marty land?
2. Make up your own moves for Marty and have a friend

play your game.
Challenge CW51
LESSON 10.1
Name
The Powers That Be

You can write some large numbers in a shorter form by
using exponents. An exponent tells how many times to
multiply a number, called the base, by itself.
100 1 base 100
101 10
102 10 10 100
103 10 10 10 1,000
As you can see, the exponent also tells how many zeros
follow the number 1.
Many scientists round large numbers and use exponents.
One million equals 106. 18 million equals 18 106.
Draw a line to the matching number.

1. 32,000 89 105
2. 48,000,000 17 100
3. 560 9 106
4. 7,700 77 102
5. 8,900,000 32 103
6. 690,000 44 105
7. 9,000,000 16 107
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8. 28,000 48 106
9. 17 98 106
10. 4,400,000 28 103
11. 160,000,000 56 101
12. 98,000,000 69 104
CW52 Challenge
LESSON 10.2
Name
About the Same

In each large box, circle all the sets of factors whose estimated
product is the number in the center box.
1. 2.
4581 6487 5531 3999 5555 6456
8304 2,400 3894 6601 3,000 5499
3815 8256 6356 5648 6666 31,845
3. 4.
2599 6212 3395 6524 4888 9444
4304 1,200 2673 4973 3,600 6555
3444 4256 6184 9381 6631 4918
5. 6.
4999 8487 5765 28,344 43,456 81,793
8592 4,000 41,846 44,444 16,000 27,891
21,815 5825 8456 82,468 28,500 44,567
7. 8.
45,081 64,875 82,931 56,872 39,999 64,721
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83,704 24,000 38,132 64,382 30,000 55,734
37,777 45,555 63,925 65,377 56,294 310,388
Challenge CW53
LESSON 10.3
Name
Doubling and Halving

One of the earliest methods of multiplying was accomplished
through doubling and halving. This method can be traced
to the early Egyptians.
Here is how to multiply 7 35.
Double Halve
7 35
14 17 Half of 35 is 1712; use only 17.
28 8 Half of 17 is 812; use only 8.
56 4
112 2
224 1
Halve the numbers in the second column until you reach
the number 1.
Double the numbers in the first column.
Cross out the even numbers in the Halve column: 2, 4,
and 8. Then cross off numbers in the Double
column that are opposite the crossed-off numbers.
Add the numbers in the Double column that are not
crossed out: 7 14 224 245.
So, 7 35 is 245.
Multiply, using the doubling and halving method. Show your work.
1. 6 42 2. 3 27 3. 4 51
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CW54 Challenge
LESSON 10.5
Name
Napiers Rods
John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, lived about 400
years ago. He invented the series of multiplication rods
shown below.
Guide
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8
3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2
0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7
4 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6
5 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
0 0 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5
6 0 6 2 8 4 0 6 2 8 4
0 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
7 0 7 4 1 8 5 2 9 6 3
0 0 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
8 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
You can use Napiers rods to multiply 4 537. Guide

5 3 7

Line up the guide rod and the 0 0 0
1 5 3 7
rods for 5, 3, and 7.
2 1 0 1
0 6 4
Look at the numbers in the 1 0 2
3 5 9 1
fourth row. Start at the right;
2 1 2
add the numbers as shown. 4 0 2 8
Then write them as shown.
2 1 4 8
The answer is 2,148.
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Copy or cut out the rods above. Use them to find the products.
1. 6 549 2. 4 375
3. 3 627 4. 2 125
5. 7 194 6. 5 431
CW56 Challenge
LESSON 10.6
Name
Comparison Shopping
The music store offers CDs at $10.99 each or 5 for $44.95.
Which is the better deal?
You can multiply the individual CD price by 5 to compare.
$10.99 5 $54.95 compared to 5 for $44.95.
The package deal for 5 CDs is the better buy.
Determine the better buy.

1. Fancy chocolate candies 2. Batteries
14-piece box for $24.92 or 2 for $1.57 or
each piece for $2.00? 8 for $6.42?
3. Eggs 4. Ice cream

$0.79 for 6 or 1 half gallon for $1.89 or
$1.49 for 12? 3 half gallons for $5.76?
5. Coffee cups 6. Butter

1 for $0.89 or 1 stick for $0.49 or
12 for $9.00? 4 sticks for $1.96?
7. Colored pencils 8. Laundry detergent

1 for $0.66 or 64 oz for $2.99 or
6 for $4.10? 128 oz for $5.99?
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9. Spring water 10. Candy bars

1.5 liter for $1.69 or 4 for $2.96 or
3.0 liter for $2.99? 12 for $8.40?
Challenge CW57
LESSON 11.1
Name
Moving Day
The Barretts are moving. Help them color code their boxes.
Solve the problems. Look at the number of zeros in the product.
Use the table below to color code the Barretts boxes.
Number of
Zeros in Product 2 3 4 5 6
Color red blue orange yellow green
40 400 20,000 6,000

20 20 40 300

300 500 700 1,000 200

40 60 300 500 4

900 400 4,000 500

6 30 4 300
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80,000 60,000 700 800 90,000

4 50 30 3 20

CW58 Challenge
LESSON 11.2
Name
Multiple Wheels
The factor in the outer circle times the factor in the inner
circle equals the product in the center.
Write the missing multiple of 10.
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Challenge CW59
LESSON 11.3
Name
Target Practice
Practice your estimation skills in this challenging game.
The object of the game is to choose a factor that produces

a product closer to the chosen target.
Work with a partner to solve.
List A List B
Product Factor
473 698 5,444 23 72 49

541 237 629 41 61 27
812 1,010 303 18 36 54
349 421 568 32 15 45
Step 1 One player chooses a number from List A as the

target and circles it.
Step 2 The partner chooses a number from List B and circles it.
Step 3 Each player secretly estimates the other factor. Each

player multiplies that factor by the circled factor.
The player whose product is closer to the circled target gets

1 point. If both players choose the same factor, then they each
receive 1 point. The first player to reach 6 points wins. For each
round players circle new numbers.
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CW60 Challenge
LESSON 11.4
Name
Cross-Number Puzzle
A cross-number puzzle is a way to model multiplication.
Solve the puzzle 23 16 n this way.
Put the factors in the boxes.
Break each factor into 2 of its addends. Record the
addends along the top and right side of the drawing.
23 20 3
6

10
16
Multiply the addends. Record the products in the inside

boxes.
Add the products horizontally and vertically.
Record the sums along the bottom and left side of the
drawing.
Add the sums. The sum of the 2 numbers at the bottom
should equal the sum of the 2 numbers on the left side.
Put this number in the circle; this is the product of the
original factors.
23 20 3
138 120 18 6

230 200 30 10
368 320 48 16
So, n 368.
Complete the cross-number puzzles.

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1. 18 27 n 2. 14 36 n
18 10 8 14
20

7
27 36
Challenge CW61
LESSON 11.5
Name
Use the Word!

Sometimes it is difficult to work with large numbers
because they have so many digits. You can use place
value and word form to help find products of some greater
numbers.
Find 4 2,000,000.
Think: 4 2 million 8 million.
So, 4 2,000,000 8,000,000.
Find 7 60,000.
Think: 7 60 thousand 420 thousand.
So 7 60,000 420,000.
Use this strategy to find the products.

1. 7 1,000,000
Think: 7 1 .
So, 7 1,000,000 .
2. 8 10,000
Think: .
So, 8 10,000 .
3. 5 40,000
Think: .
So, 5 40,000 .
4. 9 30,000
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Think: .
So, 9 30,000 .
5. 4 6,000,000
Think: .
So, 4 6,000,000 .
CW62 Challenge
LESSON 12.1
Name
Digit Detective
Complete the problem by finding the missing digits.
1. 5 2. 3 2 3. 5
7 4 3 3
2 4 1 7 4
1, 2 8 0 1, 4 0
5, 2 5 0
5, 6 2 5 1, 0 4 1, 1 4
4. 6 5. 7 6. 5 4
4 5 3
2 5 1
1, 2 0 5 0 1, 6 2 0
,
1, 9 4 4
1, 5 3 6 2, 4 9 1
7. 8 8. 7 3 9. 3
5 4 3
4 1 5 2 1 5
4, 9 8 0 3, 6 0
, 5 0
5, 3 9 5
3, 9 1, 8 5 5
10. Use the space below to create your own multiplication

problems with missing digits. Ask a classmate to
complete them.
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Challenge CW63
LESSON 12.2
Name
The Bigger, the Better

Players: 3 or more
Materials: Index cards numbered 19
Rules:
One player draws six cards and pauses after each draw
so that other players have time to decide where to write
each digit.
Players write the digits to make factors that give the
greatest possible product. In every round, each player
may throw out one digit.
Once a player has written a digit, he or she cannot move
the digit to another position.
When the six cards have been drawn, players multiply
to find their products. The player who has the greatest
product wins the round.
Number Number
Thrown Out Thrown Out

Round 1 Round 2
Round 3 Round 4
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Round 5 Round 6
CW64 Challenge
LESSON 12.3
Name
Lattice Multiplication
An early method of multiplying is the lattice method. This
describes how it works.
Multiply 2,781 26.
Write one factor along the top of the lattice and the other
factor along the right side.
Multiply each digit of the factors. Record the products
inside the lattice so that the ones and tens are separated
by a diagonal. (See Figure 1.)
Add the numbers in the grid along the diagonals, starting
from the lower right corner. Record each sum at the end
of its diagonaljust as you do when adding columns.
(See Figure 2.)
Read the digits down the left and across the bottom. This
is the product.
Figure 1 Figure 2
2 7 8 1 2 7 8 1
0 0 4 1 4 1 6 0 2 2
1 1 1
0 1 1 0
4 4 6 2 2
1
2
4
2
4
8
0
6 6 7 1 2 4 2 4 8 0 6 6
2 3 0 6
So, 2,781 26 72,306.
Use lattice grids to find the product.

1. 2,531 81 2. 6,491 34
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Challenge CW65
LESSON 12.4
Name
Doubling Tales
An ancient story tells of a clever traveling storyteller. He
promised to entertain the king, and at a price that seemed
unbeatable. For the first day the storyteller wanted only 1,
and for each day after that the rate would double. The king
thought about it briefly: 1 on day 1, 2 on day 2, and 4
on day 3. The king assumed that the price was reasonable.
How much will the storyteller charge the king on day 26?
Complete the table to find out.
Day Price Day Price
1 1 14
2 2 15
3 16
4 17
5 18
6 19
7 20
8 21
9 22
10 23
11 24
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12 25
13 26
Do you think the storyteller charged a reasonable price? Explain.
CW66 Challenge
LESSON 12.5
Name
Letter Go!
Each letter stands for a 1-digit number. Find a value for each
letter.
1. AAA 2. MMM 3. TTT

B B B NNN S

CCC P P P RRR

QQQ
4. JJJ 5. EEE 6. XX
KK FFF YY

JJJ EEE XX
JJJ EEE XX

JLLJ EEE XZX

EGHGE
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Challenge CW67
LESSON 13.1
Name
Number Riddles
To solve the riddles on this page, you
will need to know the name for each quotient 9 r1 remainder
part of a division problem. Use the divisor 7
43 dividend
example at the right as a reminder.
1. My divisor is 5. 2. My divisor is 9.
I am greater than 4 5. I am greater than 7 9.
I am less than 5 5. I am less than 8 9.
My remainder is 1. My remainder is 7.
What dividend am I? What dividend am I?

3. My divisor is 8. 4. My divisor is 6.
I am less than 30. I am less than 60.
I am greater than 3 8. I am greater than 8 6.
My remainder is 5. I have no remainder.
What dividend am I? What dividend am I?

5. My dividend is 50. 6. My dividend is 8 times as large
My remainder is 1. as my divisor.
I am an odd number. I am an even number less than 15.
What divisor am I? What quotient am I?

7. My remainder is 8. 8. My dividend is 24.
My dividend is 80. I am 2 more than
I am a 1-digit number. my quotient.
I have no remainder.
What divisor am I?
What divisor am I?
Complete to make a true equation.

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9. ( ) 2 27 10. ( ) 5 26
11. ( ) 3 52 12. ( ) 1 36
13. Write your own number riddle below.
CW68 Challenge
LESSON 13.2
Name
Cookie Coordinating
Joe and Melissa are organizing cookies to sell at a bake
sale. They are making equal groups of each kind of cookie.
Complete the chart.

Total Number Number of Plates Number of Cookies
on Each Plate
Kind of Cookie Total Number Number on Each Plate Number of Plates

Chocolate chip 96 12
12 8 96
96 12 8
1. Oatmeal 42
3 42
42 3
2. Peanut butter 13
13 7
13 7
3. Butterscotch 19
19 4
19 4
4. Sugar 90 18

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5. Ginger 36 12

6. How many plates in all did Joe and Melissa use?
Challenge CW69
LESSON 13.3
Name
Remainders Game
Number of players: 2, 3, or 4
Materials: game board
markers (24 small pieces of paper)
number cube labeled 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8
Rules:
Take turns placing a marker on one of the numbers
on the board and rolling the number cube. Divide the
numbers. For example, if you choose 92 on the board
and roll a 3 on the number cube, you then write the
problem 92 3 30 r2.
Your score is equal to your remainder.
After all the numbers on the board have been covered
with markers, find the sum of your remainder scores.
The winner is the player who has the greatest total score.
32 51 53 46 22 18
92 19 36 41 11 47
42 68 72 13 25 61
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43 71 64 61 36 75
CW70 Challenge
LESSON 13.4
Name
Grouping Possibilities
32 r1
Complete each table by finding 5
For example, 26 works in table 1,
different ways to divide a number
into groups while always having 21 r2
the same remainder. 5
but 36 does not work.
1.
Total Number of Groups Number in Each
(less than 10) Group Remainder
65 2 32 1
65 1
65 1
2.
74 2
74 2
74 2
74 2
74 2
3.
99 3
99 3
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99 3
99 3
99 3
Challenge CW71
LESSON 13.5
Name
Riddle-jam
Riddle: What do geese do in a traffic jam?
Find each quotient. Then write the quotients in order from least
to greatest at the bottom of the page. Write the matching letter
below each quotient.
1. 450 5 Y 2. 270 9 T
3. 3,600 9 O 4. 42,000 7 L
5. 2,100 7 H 6. 7,200 8 K
7. 36,000 9 A 8. 280 7 H
9. 3,500 7 N 10. 240 4 E
11. 56,000 7 T 12. 49,000 7 O
Riddle Answer:
30
T
Harcourt
CW72 Challenge
LESSON 13.6
Name
Whats the Problem?

Write a problem that could be solved by using the division
sentence. Then write a pair of compatible numbers, and estimate
the quotient.
1. 1,489 5 n 2. 7,100 9 n
Problem: Problem:
Compatible numbers: Compatible numbers:
3. 63,147 9 n 4. 276 4 n
Problem: Problem:
5. 758 4 n 6. 41,797 6 n
Problem: Problem:
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Challenge CW73
LESSON 14.1
Name
Break the Code

In the division problems below, each letter stands for a digit.
The same letter stands for the same digit in all of the problems.
The table shows that H 2 and T 8. Use the division
problems to find out what each of the other letters stands for.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H T
Once you have broken the code, use the letters and digits to
answer the riddle at the bottom of this page.
DD LH T
T
1. HT 8
28 T
2. DD T
3. ID
HT T LH
I
4. HE H
5. DR
6. EIA
I rL HH rH
R
7. FD A
8. DW
Harcourt
HOW DID THE RIVER HURT ITSELF?

Code Letter
Digit
6 8 2 0 4 0 9 0 8 5 3 7 0 1 1
CW74 Challenge
LESSON 14.2
Name
Remainders Game
Number of players: 2, 3, or 4
Materials: game board
markers (24 small pieces of paper)
number cube with the numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8
Rules:
Take turns placing a marker on one of the numbers on
the board and rolling the number cube. Divide the
numbers. For example, if you choose 923 on the board
and roll a 3 on the number cube, you then write the
problem 923 3 307 r2.
Your score is equal to your remainder.
After all the numbers on the board have been covered
with markers, find the sum of your remainder scores. The
winner is the player who has the greatest total score.
295 561 350 923 174 532
718 895 473 624 596 407
499 744 303 255 936 577

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800 131 652 729 348 210
Challenge CW75
LESSON 14.3
Name
Super Checker!
Solve each division problem. Then complete the number sentence
that can be used to check the answer. Draw a line from the
division problem to the related number sentence.
1. 1
336
A. ( 160)
2. 0
580
B. ( 105) 1
3. 3
481
C. ( 309) 1
4. 1
269
D. ( 120) 2
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5. 4
782
E. ( 207) 3
CW76 Challenge
LESSON 14.4
Name
Create a Problem
Write a word problem that could be solved with each division
sentence given. Then solve your creation!
1. 237 4 2. 637 6
Problem Problem
3. 4,822 8 4. 3,207 9
Problem Problem
5. $97.35 3 6. 2,517 2
Problem Problem
Harcourt
Challenge CW77
LESSON 14.5
Name
Diagram Division
Complete the division number sentence for each of the illustrations.
1. Cookies
98 4 r
2. Eggs
12 r5
3. Marbles
145 3 r
4. Crayons
36 r2
5. Pennies in Piatas
$3.29
Harcourt
CW78 Challenge
LESSON 14.6
Name
Find the Missing Scores

Mr. Murphy gave a math quiz to his students each day for
a week. The highest possible score was 12 points.
A group of 4 students kept a record of their scores for the week.
1. Complete the chart by filling in the missing numbers.
Average
Mon. Tues. Wed. Thu. Fri. score for
each
student
Hank 8 pts 9 pts 9 pts 12 pts 12 pts
Jim 6 pts 9 pts 8 pts 9 pts 8 pts
Sarah 5 pts 6 pts 7 pts 8 pts 9 pts
Corina 9 pts 12 pts 12 pts 11 pts 11 pts
Average 9 pts
score on
each quiz
2. Which student had the highest average score?
3. On which days was the average score for the 4 students

the highest?
4. What is the difference between Corinas average score

and the lowest average score?
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5. What does the number in the box at the lower right-

hand corner of the chart represent?
Challenge CW79
LESSON 15.1
Name
Cookie Giveaway
You have 210 cookies to give equally to friends. There can be
no cookies left over. How many different groups can you make?
Write your groupings in the table. Fact families can help you.
Groupings Table
210 2 105 210 3 70
2 friends each get 105 3 friends each get 70 friends each get
friends each get friends each get friends each get

Harcourt
CW80 Challenge
LESSON 15.2
Name
Puzzled
Trace and cut out each of the figures below. See if you can build
an 8-by-8 square. Record your final square on the grid below.
Harcourt
Challenge CW81
LESSON 15.3
Name
Evenly Divided
How many ways can you divide a square
into four equal pieces? Try to find at
least six different ways.
Harcourt
CW82 Challenge
LESSON 15.4
Name
Division Cipher
Each shape in the exercises below represents a number 09.
Use your multiplication and division skills to find what number
each shape represents. Then fill in the key.
Key
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
1.
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
2.
Solve.
3. 4.
r

5. 6.
r

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Challenge CW83
LESSON 15.5
Name
Whats for Lunch?
Joes Lunch Shop

Hot dog $1.09 Juice, small $0.39 Cookie $0.50
Hamburger $1.59 Juice, medium $0.59 Brownie $0.75
Slice of pizza $1.25 Juice, large $0.69 Ice cream bar $1.25
Lunch Special $2.19

Hamburger, medium juice, cookie
1. Lucas bought a hot dog, a large 2. Mr. Torres bought 4 lunch

juice, and an ice cream bar. specials for his family. How
How much money did he spend much money did he spend?
on lunch?
3. Tom bought 2 hamburgers and 4. How much more does a hot

a medium juice. What was his dog, small juice, and a brownie
change from a $5 bill? cost than the lunch special?
5. In one week, the shop sold 6. On Monday, the cook made

246 hot dogs. The shop is open 6 whole pizzas. He cut each
6 days a week. What was the pizza into 8 slices. At the end of
average number of hot dogs the day, there were 3 slices left
sold each day? over. How many slices of pizza
did the shop sell that day?
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7. During one week, the shop 8. The shop sold 4 dozen brown-
sold 272 slices of pizza. If each ies on Tuesday. How much
whole pizza is cut into 8 slices, money did the shop take in
how many whole pizzas did the from brownie sales?
shop sell during the week?
CW84 Challenge
LESSON 16.1
Name
Birthday Party Math

Shruti is planning a birthday party for her friends. For
each situation, circle Factor if she should use factors to
solve the problem or Multiple if she should use multiples.
1. Shruti is setting up tables for her guests. If there Factor Multiple

are 18 people coming, how many tables should
she set, and how many people will be at each
table?
2. Shrutis mother is buying birthday candles for her Factor Multiple

cake. Candles come in boxes of 4. How many
boxes of candles does Shrutis mother need to buy
in order to have 10 candles?
3. Shruti is going to give away purple pencils as party Factor Multiple

favors. She has to order the pencils in sets of 10.
How many sets of pencils should she order so that
each guest can have two?
4. The guests will be playing some games. Shruti Factor Multiple

wants to form equal-sized teams. How can she form
teams?
5. The guests are playing a game in a circle. They Factor Multiple

count off, starting with 1. Every 4th person wins a
prize from the grab bag. Celia wants to know if she
will win a prize. How can she figure out if she will
win?
6. Shruti wants to write thank-you notes for her gifts. Factor Multiple
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She wants to write the same number of notes each

day. How many notes should she write each day?
Challenge CW85
LESSON 16.2
Name
Shipping Basketballs
The Best Basketball Factory ships basketballs to sporting
goods stores. The factory can ship basketballs in cartons of
different sizes that hold either 1, 2, 4, or 8 basketballs.
1. Complete the chart to show 6 different ways that the
Best Basketball Factory can ship 30 basketballs.
Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number

Cartons for 1 Cartons for 2 Cartons for 4 Cartons for 8 of Basketballs
2 0 7 0 30
30
30
30
30
30
The factory saves money when it ships basketballs in the
fewest number of cartons possible.
2. What is the fewest number of boxes that the factory can
use to ship 30 basketballs?
3. Complete the chart below to show how the factory can use the fewest
number of cartons to ship the different numbers of basketballs.
Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number

Cartons for 1 Cartons for 2 Cartons for 4 Cartons for 8 of Basketballs
1 1 1 1 15
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31
63
122
251
300
CW86 Challenge
LESSON 16.3
Name
Number Pyramids
The numbers in the pyramids are found by using one of these
simple formulas:
C
A B
A B C or C A B or C B A
If you know some of the numbers, you can find the rest.
14 16
5 9
To find the top number, add. 14 16 30

To find the lower number, subtract. 16 9 7
Find the missing numbers in each pyramid.

1. 2.
26
15 9
9 14 10
3. 4.
67 41
35 23
17 9 9
10 12 6 7 7
Now, make your own number pyramids. Exchange them with a

partner, and test each others math skills.
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Challenge CW87
LESSON 16.4
Name
Something in Common
For each pair of numbers, write the prime factors. Then list
any prime factors that the pair has in common. If the pair
has no prime factors in common, write none.
Use the common prime factors to solve the puzzle.
1. 81 2. 25
18 60
Common Prime Factors: Common Prime Factors:
Y E
3. 8 4. 21
12 56
H C
5. 55 6. 39
66 52
M O
7. 51 8. 65
34 12
Harcourt
N B
What does a bee use to do his hair?

A _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ !!!!
2 13 17 5 3 7 13 11 none
CW88 Challenge
LESSON 16.5
Name
Pascals Triangle
This triangle is called 1
Pascals Triangle. To
1 1
get the next row of
numbers in the triangle, 1 2 1
add the two numbers
1 3 3 1
above.
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
The first row contains only one number, 1.

The second row contains 1 and 1.
1. Find the sum of the numbers in the third row.
2. Find the sum of the numbers in the fourth row.
3. Find the sum of the numbers in the fifth row.
4. Do you notice a pattern? What is it?
5. Use the pattern to guess the sum of the numbers in the

seventh row.
6. What are the numbers in the seventh row?

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7. What other patterns do you notice in Pascals Triangle?
Challenge CW89
LESSON 17.1
Name
A Fraction of a Message
Decode the message. Find the fraction in the boxes below that
represents each letter on the number line. Write the letter of
that fraction in the message boxes.
W P T
2 4
0 halves 2 0 fourths
4
F C O S

6
eighths 8
0 sixths 6 0 8
E L R
3 fifths 5
0 thirds 0
3 5
I A N H

0

sevenths
7

10
0
7 tenths
10
The message:
2 4
5
5 5 3 2 3 3
1
2
6 5

1
5 4 3
7 6 5 7 6 4 7 8 0 7 8 7 4 7 5 4
3
8 2 5 1 6 3 1 1
6 7 2
10
8 5 3
Make up your own coded message or riddle using the

number lines above. Add extra letters if you need them.
Harcourt
CW90 Challenge
LESSON 17.2
Name
Equivalent Fraction Bingo!

Use your math skills with equivalent fractions to play bingo!
Materials:
2 number cubes, counters to cover gameboard,
fraction bars
To Play:
The object of the game is to cover a rowhorizontally,
vertically, or diagonallywith counters.
Toss a number cube two times. Using one number as
the numerator and one number as the denominator,
write a fraction less than or equal to one. Place a
counter on a space with a fraction that is equivalent to
the one you made.
For example, if you toss a 6 and a 4, the fraction you
write is 4
6. Look for an equivalent fraction such as 2
3.
2
Cover the space marked 3 on the gameboard. (Use
fraction bars to help find equivalent fractions.)
Gameboard
1
4 1 6 3 1
5 6 5 2
2
3 5 4 1
1 6 5 4
3
4 1 1
3 FREE 2 1
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3
5 1
6 1 2
1 4 5
1
2 3
4 2
3 1 1
3
Challenge CW91
LESSON 17.3
Name
Colorful Fractions
Follow the directions. Color each part. Then write the numerators
in the fraction to describe the group.
1. Color 1
red. 1
3

3 9
Color 2
green. 2
3

3 9
2. Color 2 2
5 red. 5
15
Color 2 2
5 blue. 5
15
Color 1 1
5 green. 5
15
3. Color 1 1
4 blue. 4
12
Color 2 2
4 red. 4
12
Color 1
green. 1
4

4 12
Color 1
blue. 1
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4.
8 8 16
Color 3
8 red. 3
8
16
Color 4
green. 4
8

8 16
CW92 Challenge
LESSON 17.4
Name
Estimating Fractional Parts

You can estimate the part of a whole that is shaded by
thinking about benchmark fractions.
1

Example About what part of this rectangle 2
is shaded?
Is 1
or 1
3
the better estimate?
2
1 2

3 3
The part shaded is closer to 1

than to 1. So, 1
2 3
is the better estimate.
2
What part of the figure is shaded?

Circle the fraction that is the closer estimate.
1. 2. 3.
7 3 2 5 1 1
8 or 4 or 6
3 3 or 4
4. 5. 6.
4 5
2
5 2
or 1
1
6 or
1 3 or 6

2 3 12
7. 8. 9.
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3
or 5
1 or 3
1 or 1

4 8 4 8 4 3
Challenge CW93
LESSON 17.5
Name
Language Exploration
Use a dictionary to help you complete this page.
1
A centimeter is one hundredth of a meter or m.
100
1. How many centimeters are in a meter?
2. List several words that contain the root word cent, and give
their meanings.
A triangle has three angles.

3. How many sides has a triangle?
4. List several words that begin with tri, and give their meanings.
1
A milliliter is one thousandth of a liter or L.
1,000
5. How many milliliters are in a liter?
6. List several words that begin with mill, and give their meanings.
7. What does bicycle mean?

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8. Name other common words that begin with bi, where bi

means two.
CW94 Challenge
LESSON 17.6
Name
A Mixed-Number Challenge
Work together with a partner to write a mixed number that tells
how much is shaded.
1. 2.
Write a mixed number for each of the following figures. The figure
at the right stands for 1.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
Shade parts of the following figures. Have a partner write a mixed

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number that tells how much is shaded.

8. 9.
Challenge CW95
LESSON 18.1
Name
Amazing Maze
Find the path from the beginning to the end of the maze. Start
with 112 and add each fraction along your path. Your goal is to
end at the finish with 61102.
START
1
12
1

12 2
12
8 1

1 2
2 12 12

1 1 2 4
12 12
12
12
1 3
3
2
1 2
12 12 2 12 12
1
3 1
1 9

12 12 2 12
6
2
4 3
1
1 0 5

1 1
1

4

12 2 2 2 2 12 12
3
7 2 2

12 12 12 12
4
1 1 4
1

12
12 3
12 2
12
2 3

12 5 2
12
12 12
1
1
3 1
12
12 2
1 2

12 12
Harcourt
FINISH
CW96 Challenge
LESSON 18.2
Name
Whats Left?
Color each picture as directed. Colors do not overlap.
When you are finished coloring, answer each question.
1. Color 1
of the cake red.
3
Color 1
of the cake brown.
3
How much of the cake is not
colored?
How much of the cake is
colored?
2. Color 165
of the figure brown.
Color 165
of the figure orange.
What fraction of the figure is
not colored?
What fraction of the figure is
colored?
3. Color 188
of the flag red.
Color 128
of the flag green.
Color 128
of the flag blue.
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Color 168
of the flag orange.
What fraction of the flag is not
colored?
What fraction of the flag is
colored?
Challenge CW97
LESSON 18.3
Name
All Mixed Up!

Draw a line to connect the problem with the correct answer.
S. 51
31 ?
8 8 7130
E. 61
51 ?
3 3 9
E. 101
11
2
?
2 135

8
N. 42
31 ?
5 5 111

6
V. 156 1
8 28 ? 41
4
T. 103 2
4 64 ? 81
4
I. 83 2
7 27 ? 22
9
A. 75 3
6 66 ? 73
5
E. 5120
2
1
10 ? 81
2
N. 10112 1112 ? 112

3
E. 61
4 21
4 ? 11
3
N. 107
85
9
?
9 105

7
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To solve the riddle, match the letters above with the answers
below the boxes.
Riddle: Why was six afraid of seven?
Answer: because
81 1 5
4 82 138 7
3
1
2
0 29 11
3 41
4 112
3 111 5 3
107 75 9
6
CW98 Challenge
LESSON 18.4
Name
What Breed Is Each Dog?

There are 48 dogs at the dog show.
Clue 1 Every dog is a specific breed.

Clue 2 The different breeds of dogs are: German shepherds,
cairn terriers, poodles, golden retrievers, and Labradors.
Clue 3 Half of the dogs are German shepherds.
Clue 4 There are an equal number of cairn terriers and poodles.
Clue 5 There are twice as many cairn terriers as Labradors.
Clue 6 There are four golden retrievers.
1. List how many of each breed of dog there are.
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2. What fraction of the group does each breed of dog represent?
Challenge CW99
LESSON 18.5
Name
Total Cost
Each coin of United States currency can be thought of as a
fraction of a dollar.
One quarter is One dime is One nickel is One penny is

1 1 1
equal to 1
dollar.
4
equal to
10 equal to
20 dollar.
equal to
100
dollar. dollar.
1. Use coin values to help you find the sum. Use what you
know about adding money to find the sum in simplest form.
Problem: Think: Steps:
1
1 One quarter one dime Write each coin as a fraction.
4 10
25 10 35 Use what you know about
money to write an equation.
35 7
35
100
20 Write the sum in simplest form.
So, 1
4
1
10
7
20.
1 1 1 1 3 4
2.
20
10 100
3.
10 100
4.
10
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2 3 1
5.
20 100
6.
100
160 3
7.
20
4

100
1 2 31 4 6 41
8.
20

4
9.
100

10
10.
100

100
19
11.
100
1220 1
12.
4
260 5
13.
10
230
CW100 Challenge
LESSON 18.6
Name
Cut Up!
You can subtract unlike fractions only after they have
been renamed with like denominators.
1 1
Find 2 4.
1 1

2 4
Divide each half of the first figure in half. Both figures now
have equal parts. Subtract the like fractions.

2
1
1

4 4 4
1 1 1
So, 2 4 4.
For each pair of figures, find a way to divide one of them so that
both have equal parts. Explain. Then subtract.
1. 2.
2 1 3 9
3 6 4 16
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3. 4.
3 5 9 2
4 8 12 3
Challenge CW101
LESSON 19.1
Name
Riddlegram!
Answer this riddle. Write the letter that matches each fraction or decimal.
You will use some models more than once.
Riddle: What did one Math book say to the other Math book?
,
0.2 0.6 5 8 6 0.01 49 0.52 0.9 0.35

10 10 10 100
!

0.3 1 0.6 2 0.12 35 0.7 15

10 10 100 100
T E A Y
V N H O
F
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MAT
H
MAT
H
CW102 Challenge
LESSON 19.2
Name
Decimal Drift
Large numbers are often written with both whole numbers
and words. This can make the numbers easier to read.
Example: 34,000,000 may be written as 34 million.
Large numbers can also be written with words and
decimals.
Examples: 34,500,000 34.5 million
1,400,000 1.4 million
4,800,000 4.8 million
The table below shows the areas of the continents in square miles.
1. Complete the table by writing the missing numbers.
Continent Area (in square miles) Area (in square miles)

North America 9,400,000 9.4 million
South America 6,900,000
Europe 3.8 million
Asia 17.4 million
Africa 11,700,000
Oceania, including
3.3 million
Australia
Antarctica 5,400,000
Use the table to answer 25.
2. Which continent has the greatest area?

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3. Which continent has the least area?
4. How many continents have a greater area than North America?
5. Which 2 continents together have about the same area as North

America?
Challenge CW103
LESSON 19.3
Name
Designing with Decimals

Shade in the decimal amount in each model.
1. 2. 3.
0.2 0.4 0.8

4. 5. 6.
0.35 0.24 0.52
Complete. You may look at the shaded models above.

7. 2 tenths hundredths
8. tenths 40 hundredths
9. 35 hundredths tenths and 5 hundredths
10. 2 tenths and 4 hundredths hundredths
Use colored pencils to make a design or picture on the grid. Color the numbers
of small squares needed to model the decimals shown below.
Red 0.25
Yellow 0.30
Blue 0.15
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Black 0.10
Green 0.20
CW104 Challenge
LESSON 19.4
Name
First-Second-Third
At the recent Number Olympics, people were confused by
who was in first, second, or third place. (HINT: First was
always the least number and third the greatest number.)
Event Scores Event Scores

Number Put 0.3, 0.4, 0.2 Fraction Jump 0.96, 1.53, 0.8
Decimal Hurdles 0.23, 0.45, 0.36 Area Swim 0.6, 0.62, 1.0
High Number 0.3, 0.28, 0.4 Number Beam 3.5, 3.05, 3.47
Freestyle Numbers 1.23, 0.84, 1.1 Perimeter Sprint 2.34, 2.4, 2.05
For each event listed, put the numbers in their proper places on
the medals stand. The first stand has been completed.
Number Put Fraction Jump
0.2 0.8
0.3 1ST 0.4 0.96 1ST 1.53
2ND 3RD 2ND 3RD
Decimal Hurdles Area Swim

0.23 0.6
0.36 1ST 0.45 0.62 1ST 1.0
2ND 3RD 2ND 3RD
High Number Number Beam
1ST 1ST
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2ND 3RD 2ND 3RD
Freestyle Numbers Perimeter Sprint
1ST 1ST
2ND 3RD 2ND 3RD
Challenge CW105
LESSON 19.5
Name
Money Combos
Show three different coin combinations that equal each amount
below. Use quarters, dimes, nickels, and penniesat least one of
each coinin each combination.
1. $0.84
2. $0.55
3. $1.37
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4. $2.46
CW106 Challenge
LESSON 19.6
Name
Missing Number Mystery

Write mixed numbers for the numbers that are missing from each
number line below.
1.
4.10 4.20 4.25
2.
5.4 5.7 5.8
3.
7.32 7.34 7.36
4.
42 21 48 12
9.40 100 or 50 9.44 9.46 100 or 25
5.
3.18 3.19 3.21 3.23
6.
8 .2 8.6 8.8 9.0

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7. Make your own number line. Include the following

9 2 3
numbers: 4.01, 4.12, 4.03, 4 , 4 , 4 .
100 25 20
Challenge CW107
LESSON 20.1
Name
Super (Market) Estimations

Cashiers can make errors, and scanners dont always scan
the correct prices. It is important to check your receipt.
At the left is a list of your purchases. At the right is what

the cash register rang up. Match the lists and circle the
errors. By how much was the receipt off?
Market Receipt
Facial tissues $1.29 4.50
Fruit drink $1.79 1.96
Rice $1.69 0.65
Soap $0.89 1.99
Apples3 lbs. at $1.50 lb. 2.98
Light bulbs $2.89 0.97
Carrots $0.65 1.29
Cereal $3.49 3.49
Milk $1.39 4.39
Butter $1.99 8.90
Sugar $0.79 1.56
Flour $0.75 1.79
Soda $3.49 0.30
Oatmeal $1.56 1.39
Bagels $3.00 0.75
Bread $1.59 4.79
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Mustard $3.10 2.75

Cookies $2.75 3.10
Chicken $4.97 1.59
Total Total
The receipt was off by .

CW108 Challenge
LESSON 20.2
Name
Shop Till You Drop!

Estimate the cost of the items on each list. Circle the list that
comes closer without going over your spending limit.
1. Your spending limit is $400.
List 1 Suit $185.40 Belt $32.00 List 2
Suit Shirt $35.65 Coat $115.40 Coat
Shirt Shoes $43.75 Hat $46.00 Hat
Shoes Tie $27.65 Pants $28.90 Shirt
Coat Gloves $12.99 Suspenders $34.81 Suit
Gloves Socks $7.00 Belt
Estimated cost: Estimated cost:

Actual cost: Actual cost:
2. Your spending limit is $2,000.
List 1 Computer $1,199.99 Joystick $59.25 List 2
Computer Laptop Desk $79.42 Laptop

Computer $1,499.95 Computer
CD-ROM drive
CD-ROM drive$238.75 Speakers $138.60 Printer
Printer
Printer $318.66 Software
Software
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Software $179.25
Speakers
Estimated cost: Estimated cost:

Actual cost: Actual cost:
Challenge CW109
LESSON 20.3
Name
Play Ball
0.72 0.9 1.04 1.3 1.16 1.48 2.20
Place the numbers on the balls in the correct place in the diagram below so that
the sum of these positions is the same:
All of the outfield b
Catcher Pitcher Third Base Left field b
Catcher Pitcher Shortstop Center field b
Catcher Pitcher Second Base Right field b
Catcher Pitcher First Base b
Center field
Left field Right field
Shortstop Second base

Third base First base
Pitcher
0.72
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Catcher
0.14
CW110 Challenge
LESSON 20.4
Name
Amazing Mazes
Use the number patterns to complete the empty boxes.
2.16 2.17
2.4
3.6
3.34
Harcourt
Challenge CW111
LESSON 20.5
Name
Addition and Subtraction Puzzles

Put the numbers in the boxes so that when you either add or subtract from left
to right or top to bottom the answers at the right are the same and the answers
below are the same.
Example:
0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4
0.2, 0.3, 0.7, 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4
0.5 0.5
0.3 0.2 0.5
0.7 0.2 0.5
1. 1.1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.8 2. 1.7, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6
3. 0.2, 0.2, 1.3, 0.9 4. 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 0.7
5. 0.9, 0.3, 1.2, 1.8 6. 0.6, 0.6, 1.2, 1.2
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7. 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.3 8. 1.3, 1.1, 0.7, 0.5
CW112 Challenge
LESSON 20.6
Name
Think About It
The decimal point is missing from each of the numbers in Exercises 18.
Place the decimal point where it belongs in each number.
1. 35 number of seconds it takes Tony to write his name
2. 177 length of a new pencil in centimeters
3. 177 length of a bee in centimeters
4. 2036 record speed in seconds for the 200-meter run
5. $125 cost of a fancy helium-filled balloon
6. 340 number of miles walked in one hour
7. 340 number of miles driven in one hour
8. 1371 height of an average fourth-grade student in centimeters
For 914, arrange the

digits shown to make the
described number.
9. Least number possible .
10. Greatest number possible .
11. Number nearest to 30 .
12. Greatest number that is less than 35 .
13. Least number that is greater than 20 .

Harcourt
14. Number nearest to 10 .

15. What would your answers to Exercises 914 be if the 5 card was
replaced with a zero card?
Challenge CW113
LESSON 21.1
Name
Pathfinder
1. Measure every path to the nearest inch or half inch.
Write the length on the path.
Home 1 inch 1 mile
Park
Fred's Store
House
School
2. List four ways to drive from home to school, following
these guidelines. Always travel down and to the right or
left. Do not retrace your path.
3. What is the longest route? How many miles is it?

Harcourt
4. What is the shortest route? How many miles is it?
5. About how long would it take you to walk the shortest route
to school? HINT: It takes about 20 minutes to walk a mile.
CW 114 Challenge
LESSON 21.2
Name
Biking Adventure
1. Sammy is going on a week-long bicycle trip with his dad.
They plan to ride from Acton to Halpine by going
through Brattle, Capeville, Dawson, Easton, Foxboro, and
Grafton. Then they will go straight back to Acton from
Halpine. They made a detailed map of the route. Use the
information below to find about how far they will ride.
Acton Brattle Scale:

1 inch 8 miles
Capeville
Dawson
Easton Foxboro
Halpine Grafton
2. If Sammy and his dad bicycle the same distance each day
for five days, how many miles will they travel in one day?
Harcourt
3. Make dash marks on the map to show about how far

Sammy and his dad rode each day.
Challenge CW115
LESSON 21.3
Name
Cap This!
MATERIALS string 24 inches long, customary ruler
Whats your cap size?
Take a string and carefully measure around your head.
Mark the string, and then lay it down along a ruler.
Read the measure to the nearest quarter inch.
Record your cap size.
Take a survey to find the cap size of ten of
your classmates.
Name Cap Size
What is the average cap size for the ten classmates in your
survey? Explain.
Harcourt
CW 116 Challenge
LESSON 21.4
Name
Half Full or Half Empty?

The pitchers below are the same size. They are arranged from
barely full to completely full. Each pitcher can be labeled with
two equal measurements. Use the measures in the box to write
in the missing measurement for each pitcher.
8 cups, 3 quarts, 4 quarts,
6 pints, 1 gallon, 1 quart, 6 cups
1. 2.
1 pint or 2 cups 2 pints or
3. 4.
3 pints or 4 pints or
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5. 6.
or or
Challenge CW117
LESSON 21.5
Name
Which Weight?
The weights below belong on the balance scales. Some of the
scales are unbalanced. Match each weight listed below with one of
the problems to make a true statement. Use each weight once.
16 ounces, 32 ounces, 48 ounces, 52 ounces,
96 ounces, 5 pounds, 4,000 pounds, 8 tons
1. 2.
2 pounds 24 ounces >

3. 4.
4 pounds > 2 tons

5. 6.
6 pounds 6 tons <

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7. 8.
24 ounces < 3 pounds
CW 118 Challenge
LESSON 21.6
Name
Atlas Stones
At the annual Worlds Strongest Person competition, no
event tests athletic strength better than the Stones of Atlas.
Competitors must lift six progressively larger round stones
onto 3-foot platforms. The stones are hugeabout 23 feet in
diameter. Their weight is staggering.
The weight of the Stones of Atlas is given in the ancient
measurement of stones. A stone is about 14 pounds.
Convert the weight of the 6 Atlas Stones into pounds.
1. 10 stones lb
2. 13 stones lb
3. 15 stones lb
4. 18 stones lb
5. 20 stones lb
6. 23 stones lb
7. In the 1995 event, one competitor executed a dead lift of
952 pounds. How many stones would that be?
8. Some of the competitors in the Worlds Strongest

Person competition weigh 30 stones. What is their
weight in pounds?
9. Figure out how much the following people in Doreens family

weigh in stones. Complete the chart. Round to the nearest tenth.
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Name Weight in Pounds Weight in Stones

Doreen 76
Natalie 92
Jake 105
Mrs. Snell 146
Mr. Snell 207
Challenge CW119
LESSON 22.1
Name
Point A to Point B
1. Measure and record the length of each line to the
nearest centimeter and decimeter.
B
cm dm
A
cm dm
cm dm
F
C
cm dm
cm dm
E D
cm dm
2. Start at A and measure clockwise until you are

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back at A.
a. How many centimeters is this measure?
b. How many decimeters is this measure?
c. How many times would you need to measure around
this figure to have a measure of 5 meters?
CW120 Challenge
LESSON 22.2
Name
Wedding Fun
Sam and Sarah are getting married. Their friends are tying
cans to the back of their car. How many meters long is the
rope they are using?
To find out:
Place the measures in order from least to greatest in
the cake.
Complete the squares from left to right and from
bottom to top.
Add the measures in the starred boxes to find how
long the rope is.
7 dm, 250 cm, 1 m, 5 cm, 0.6 m,

1 dm, 180 cm, 14 dm, 0.28 m,
20 dm, 88 cm, 32 cm, 3 dm,
120 cm, 15 cm, 210 cm, 2 cm,
9.0 dm, 0.01 m, 2.15 m, 4.8 dm

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Challenge CW121
LESSON 22.3
Name
Punch All Around

Fruity-Tutty Punch Recipe
1 liter orange juice
250 milliliters pineapple juice
500 milliliters apple juice
100 milliliters kiwi juice
50 milliliters lemon juice
2 liters seltzer water
1. List the recipe ingredients from the least to the greatest

amount.
2. How much punch will the recipe make in milliliters?
in liters?
3. A punch glass holds about 300 mL. About how many
glasses does the recipe make?

4. You sell a glass of punch for $0.50. How much
money will you take in if you sell all the punch one
recipe makes?
5. It costs $4.87 for all the punch ingredients. How much
money will you make?

6. Your punch is so popular, you are asked to make
enough for 100 glasses. How many times will you
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need to make the recipe?

7. You charge $0.75 a glass. How much money will
you take in?

8. Your cost for all the ingredients is $38.96. How
much money will you make?

CW122 Challenge
LESSON 22.4
Name
Sweet Enough
How many sugar packs would it take to balance each mass?
1. 2.
1 gram 2.3 kg
3. 4.
80 kg 25 g
Write the mass in grams and kilograms.

5. 100 sugar packs 6. 300 sugar packs
7. 250 sugar packs 8. 1,000 sugar packs
9. 3,000 sugar packs 10. 5,000 sugar packs
Find the number of sugar packs in each box.

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11. 12. 13.
Challenge CW123
LESSON 22.5
Name
Ring-A-Ling
When you graph your phone number, does it make a
geometric pattern?
YOU WILL NEED grid paper
On a piece of grid paper, follow these directions.
Start in the center of the grid paper.
Use the digits in your phone number to decide how far
to move in each direction. Write your phone number
four times in a row.
Move up (), then right (), then down (), then left
(). Continue this process until there are no more digits.
For example:
The phone number 321-4123 would
make the following moves:
3 up, 2 right, 1 down, 4 left,
1 up, 2 right, 3 down, 3 left, and so on.
start
The result is the figure at the right.

3 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 Harcourt
Write your phone number 4 times. Graph your numbers. Compare

your completed geometric pattern with the one shown above and
with one of your classmates.

3 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 3
CW124 Challenge
LESSON 23.1
Name
Fahrenheit Match-up
Match the temperature on the thermometer with the event by
drawing a line to connect them.
A
E
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Challenge CW125
LESSON 23.2
Name
Heating Up
F C
Temperature is measured in 230 110
degrees Fahrenheit (F) in the 220 water
210 212 F 100 C 100
200
boils
United States. Temperature is 190 90
180 80
measured in degrees Celsius (C) 170
160 70
in countries that use the metric 150
140 60
system and by scientists. 130
120 50
110
100 40
90 30
80
70 room
68 F 20 C 20
60 temp
50 10
40 water
30 32 F 0 C 0
20 freezes
10
10
To estimate degrees F, use this rule. 10
0 20
(2 Celsius temperature) 32 F
To estimate 25C in degrees Fahrenheit,
replace 25 with the Celsius temperature and solve.
(2 25) 32 50 32 82
So, 25C is about 82F.
Write the temperature that is a better estimate for each activity.

1. ice hockey, 30C or 30F 2. running, 50C or 50F
3. surfing, 40C or 40F 4. swimming, 30C or 30F
For 56, use the rule above.

5. Your pen pal in Japan writes that it is 20C outside.
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Estimate the temperature in F. Does she need to wear a

jacket?
6. You write to your pen pal in Nebraska where it is 9C.

Estimate the temperature in F. Does your pen pal need a
jacket?
CW126 Challenge
LESSON 23.3
Name
Number Riddles
Use a number line to help answer these number riddles.
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 +14 +16 +18 +20
1. I am greater than 20 and less than 18.
2. I am halfway between 2 and 8.
3. I am between 10 and 4. I am 5 units away from 0.
4. I am less than 5 and greater than 20. My two digits
are the same.
5. I am between 11 and 18. The sum of my digits is 5.
6. I am between 20 and 20. My two digits read the

same forward and backward. On the number line, I am
to the left of 0.
7. I am between 16 and 8. I am twice as far away from
0 as 6 is.
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8. Make up your own number riddle. Give enough clues so

there can be only one answer.
Challenge CW127
LESSON 23.4
Name
Logical Conclusions
You use inductive reasoning when you make a general
statement about particular pieces of information.
For example: You know a poodle has 4 legs, a terrier
has 4 legs, a beagle has 4 legs, and a chihuahua has
4 legs. You use inductive reasoning to come to this
conclusion: All dogs have 4 legs.
If you do not use enough information, you may jump to a conclusion.
For example: Joy ate a steak that was tough. She used
inductive reasoning to conclude that all steak is tough.
Kents steak was tender. He told Joy she jumped to the
wrong conclusion.
You use deductive reasoning when you use a general
statement to draw a conclusion about a particular situation.
Kayla learned all insects have 6 legs. She counts 8 legs on a spider.
She comes to the conclusion that a spider is not an insect.
Write inductive or deductive to tell what kind of reasoning was

used to arrive at each conclusion. If the conclusion is incorrect,
write jumped to a conclusion.
1. Tyrone hears the bell chime once 2. In math Merri learned that the
at 1:00, twice at 2:00, and 3 times product of 0 and any number is
at 3:00. He concludes the bell will always zero. She concludes the
chime the number of the hour. product of 234,687 and 0 is 0.
3. Ted looks at this pattern: 1, 4, 7, 4. Ron wrote these multiples of 4:

10, 13, . . . . He concludes that 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. He
the rule for the pattern is 3. concluded that the multiples
of 4 are even numbers.
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5. Jedd learned that prime numbers 6. Lien read that a quadrilateral is

have only 2 factors: 1 and the a figure that has 4 sides. She
number itself. He concluded that concluded that a square is a
51 is a prime number. quadrilateral.
CW128 Challenge
LESSON 24.1
Name
Checkmate!
Materials: colored pencils
The game of chess was invented more than 1,300
years ago. Today it is played in all parts of the world. Each
piece has its own ways to move. For example:
K R
The king can move one A rook can move up, or A bishop can move
square at a time. It can down, left, or right. It diagonally any
move up, down, left, right, can move any number number of squares.
or diagonally. of squares.
For 14, use the drawing shown at the right. 8

7 K
1. Which chess piece is in g4? 6
5
2. Which piece is in c2? 4 B
3
3. Can the king move to h6? 2 R
1
4. Can the bishop move to d8? a b c d e f g h
The queen is the most powerful chess piece. It can move
any number of squares up, down, left, right, or diagonally.
Suppose the queen is in b7. Can it move from b7 to each
of the following squares? Write yes or no.
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5. d7 6. d6 7. a4 8. g2
For Exercises 911, use colored pencils to color squares

on the chess board.
9. Color blue all the squares to which the king can move.
10. Color red all the squares to which the bishop can move.
11. Color yellow all the squares to which the rook can move.
Challenge CW129
LESSON 24.2
Name
Length on the Coordinate Grid

On each coordinate grid, graph 2 different rectangles with the
perimeter given. Then name the endpoints and find the length
of each side.
1. Perimeter: 12 units
Rectangle A:
width:
y-axis
length:
Rectangle B: 0
x-axis
width:
length:
2. Perimeter: 26 units
Rectangle A:
width:
length:
y-axis
Rectangle B:
width:
length: 0
x-axis
3. Explain how you chose your rectangles in

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Problems 1 and 2.
CW130 Challenge
LESSON 24.3
Name
Use an Equation
Play with a partner.
Materials: 1 number cube labeled 27
Directions:
Step 1: The first player should write an equation with 2
variables, such as 2x 1 y or x 3 y, in the
table below and then toss the number cube. The
value on the number cube is the value for x.
Step 2: The second player should use this value to find
the value for y.
Step 3: Trade roles and repeat steps 1 and 2 until you
have 10 equations.
Equation Value for x Value for y

1. x y
2. x y
3. x y
4. x y
5. x y
6. x y
7. x y
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8. x y
9. x y
10. x y
Challenge CW131
LESSON 24.4
Name
Graph an Equation
Complete each table of values. Then graph
both equations on the coordinate grid.
1. x2y 3x 2 y
Input, x Output, y Input, x Output, y
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
y-axis
What is the ordered pair of the

point where your lines intersect?
This ordered pair contains the only

values of x and y that make both
equations true.
1
2. x2y x 1 y
2
Input, x Output, y Input, x Output, y
2 0 2 2
3 1 4 3
4 2 6 4
5 3 8 5
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6 4 10 6
7 5
8 6 x-axis
9 7
10 8
What is the ordered pair of the point where your lines

intersect?
CW132 Challenge
LESSON 24.5
Name
Identify Relationships
Write the fractions as ordered pairs. Use the numerator as the x
value and the denominator as the y value. Graph the ordered pairs
on the coordinate grid and connect the points with a line.
2 2 2 2
1. , , ,
3 4 5 6
a. Ordered pairs:
b. If the pattern continued, what

would be the next ordered pair?
c. If the pattern continued, what
y-axis
would be the next fraction?
3 6 9 12
2. , , ,
1 2 3 4
a. Ordered pairs:
x-axis
b. If the pattern continued, what

would be the next ordered pair?
c. If the pattern continued, what

would be the next fraction?
3 6 9
3. What would be the next fraction in this pattern? 4, 8, 12
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4. Explain how you solved Problem 3.
Challenge CW133
LESSON 25.1
Name
Semaphore Code
The Semaphore Code was used by the United States Navy
to send short-range messages. The message sender holds two
flags in various positions to represent the letters of the alphabet.
To make a number, give the numeral sign first. Then use A 1,

B 2, C 3, and so on for the digits 19. Use J for zero.
A B C D E F G H
acute right
I J K L M N O P
straight obtuse
Q R S T U V W X
Y Z ATTENTION INTERVAL NUMERAL
1. The Semaphore Code makes use of angles. Choose a

letter and explain what kind of angle is shown. Harcourt
2. Write your name by using the Semaphore Code. For

example, Mark would be
M A R K
3. Now, write the yearRin Semaphore Code.
CW134 Challenge
LESSON 25.2
Name
Mapmaker, Mapmaker, Make Me a Map!

Use your knowledge of lines and angles and the following
instructions to complete the map. Use a pencil and a ruler.
W E
School Store Main Street Bank
1. Draw River Road to the north of and parallel to

Main Street.
2. Draw High Street to the north of and parallel to
River Road.
3. Draw West Lane to the east of the bank and
perpendicular to Main Street. West Lane is a line
segment from Main Street to High Street.
4. Draw Pine Street to the west of the school and
perpendicular to River Road.
5. Draw Hope Ave. to the east of the school and west
of the store. Hope Ave. is parallel to West Lane.
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6. Draw Devine Drive as a ray beginning at the

intersection of West Lane and High Street. It moves
southwest and intersects Main Street east of the store.
7. Draw Last Road perpendicular to Devine Drive,
intersecting Main Street west of the bank.
Challenge CW135
LESSON 25.3
Name
Shapes in Motion
Here is your chance to practice flipping, turning, and 1
sliding figures to make a design.
Step 1 Read the numbers in the 4-by-4 grid. 2
Step 2 Replace the numbers with the matching symbols.
3
Step 3 Use two colors to make any design in the 4-by-4 grid.
1 2 3 4 4
2 3 4 1

3 4 1 2
4 1 2 3
Complete using the steps above.

1.
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
2.
1 3 3 1
4 2 4 2

3 1 1 3
1 3 3 1
Use the puzzles above to help you make your own design.
Harcourt
3.
CW136 Challenge
LESSON 25.4
Name
Let It Snow!
Snowflakes are symmetrical ice crystals, showing both
line symmetry and rotational symmetry. You can experiment
with symmetry by making your own snowflakes.
a. Start with a b. Fold the square c. Fold in half again.

square piece in half.
of paper.
d. Fold in half e. Cut out various f. Open the

again, along polygons to make paper and find
the diagonal. a design. a symmetrical
snowflake pattern.
1. Use square pieces of paper to cut out five different

snowflakes.
2. Test each snowflake. Mark a central point in the
middle of the snowflake.
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3. Place the snowflake on a sheet of paper. Trace around

the snowflake. Shade in the holes of the snowflake.
4. Place a pencil on the central point. Rotate the
snowflake.
Do your snowflakes have rotational symmetry?
Challenge CW137
LESSON 25.5
Name
Problem Solving Strategy

Make a Model
Activity: Enlarge a picture.
Directions:
Step 1: Draw a square around
the figure you wish to enlarge.
Step 2: Use your ruler to draw a 1-cm
grid on your picture.
Step 3: Draw your figure on the grid
below. Since the grid you drew on the picture is smaller
than the grid below, you will enlarge your picture.
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CW138 Challenge
LESSON 26.1
Name
Polygons in Art
Modern art is often based on geometric figures.
Here is a sample.
For 14, use the sketch.

1. Label the triangle with the greatest perimeter Triangle 2.
Label the other triangle Triangle 1.
2. Are their angles acute, obtuse, or right?
3. Label the gray background rectangle, which is partially

covered, Rectangle 1.
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4. Now, create your own art in this style. Cut geometric

shapes from colored paper. Put them together in a
creative way.
Challenge CW139
LESSON 26.2
Name
Block It Out!
Read the directions for making each figure. Draw, number, and
color the figure on the grid below.
1. Figure 1: Draw a square figure 2. Figure 2: Draw a rectangular

with a perimeter of 4, using figure with a perimeter of 10,
1 square. Color it red. using 6 squares. Color it green.
3. Figure 3: Draw a square figure 4. Figure 4: Draw a figure with
with a perimeter of 12, using a perimeter of 14, using 9
9 squares. Color it blue. squares. Color it black.
5. Figure 5: Draw a figure with 6. Figure 6: Draw a figure with
a perimeter of 12, using 5 a perimeter of 24, using 11
squares. Color it yellow. squares. Color it purple.
7. Figure 7: Draw a figure with 8. Figure 8: Draw a figure with
a perimeter of 16, using 16 a perimeter of 20, using 21
squares. Color it brown. squares. Color it orange.
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CW140 Challenge
LESSON 26.3
Name
Unusual Measures
A very long time ago, people used body units to measure
lengths.
Span length from the end of the thumb
to the end of the little finger
when the hand is stretched fully
Cubit length from the elbow to the
longest finger
Fathom length from fingertip to fingertip
when arms are stretched fully in
opposite directions
Pace length of a walking step,
measured from toe of back foot
to toe of front foot
You can use body measures to find the perimeters and areas of
objects at school. Record your results in the chart below.
Measured in Spans Measured in Cubits

Object Measured
Perimeter Area Perimeter Area
Desk Top 14 spans 12 sq spans 9 cubits 412 sq cubits
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5. Measure the length and the width of your classroom in

fathoms and in paces.
length of classroom: fathoms; paces
width of classroom: fathoms; paces
Challenge CW141
LESSON 26.4
Name
Flying Carpet Ride

Solve.
1. Jasmine wrote a story about a 2. Jasmines flying carpet not only

flying carpet ride to Plume fliesit also changes shape.
Island. She flew 4,638 miles The perimeter is always 32 feet.
north. Then she flew twice as Jasmine needs the greatest area
many miles east. Finally, Jasmine to take her new Plume Island
flew south and reached Plume friends for a ride. What polygon
Island. She traveled 15,690 miles will give her the greatest
in all. How many miles was the possible area? What are the
last part of her trip? lengths of the sides?
3. Two Islanders offered to 4. Jasmine flew home by a

buy Jasmines carpet. Tirian more direct path. Her return
offered her $500. Miraz offered flight was 5,555 miles shorter
her $7.50 per square foot. If the than her trip to Plume Island.
perimeter of the square carpet How far was Jasmines return
equals 32 feet, who offered flight? (Hint: See Problem 1.)
more money? How much more?
5. Flying carpets give prizes if you 6. Write your own multistep

travel more than 25,000 miles. problem about an adventure
Can Jasmine get a prize? How with a flying carpet. Show the
many miles did she fly? (Hint: solution upside down at the
See Problems 1 and 4.) bottom of column 1. Harcourt
Answer:
CW142 Challenge
LESSON 26.5
Name
Relate Formulas and Rules

Find the length and width of each figure.
1. Area 4 square inches 2. Area 24 square inches
Perimeter 8 inches Perimeter 22 inches
3. Area 36 square feet 4. Area 100 square inches

Perimeter 26 inches Perimeter 104 inches
5. Area 200 square inches 6. Area 144 square centimeters

Perimeter 60 inches Perimeter 48 centimeters
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7. Explain the strategy you used to solve Problems 16.
Challenge CW143
LESSON 26.6
Name
Problem Solving Strategy

Find a Pattern
What if? Use the figures below to give examples that agree with
your answers to the What If question.
1. What if the width of a rectangle 2. What if the width of a rectangle

was doubled? What would was divided by 2? What would
happen to the area of the happen to the area of the
rectangle? rectangle?
3. What if the width of a rectangle 4. What if the width of a rectangle

was tripled? What would happen was divided by 3? What would
to the area of the rectangle? happen to the area of the
rectangle?
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5. What do you think would happen to the area

of a rectangle whose width is multiplied by 4?
divided by 4?
CW144 Challenge
LESSON 27.1
Name
Riddle, Riddle
Name the plane or solid figure described by each riddle.
1. When you trace one face of a cone or a cylinder, you see
me. What am I?
2. I have 6 flat faces that all look exactly the same. What
am I?
3. You see two sizes of me when you trace a rectangular

prism. What am I?
4. If you trace me six times, you make a cube. What

figure am I?
5. I am a solid figure with one round face. What am I?
6. If you trace my 5 faces, you will find a square and

triangles. What am I?
7. I have 9 edges, 6 vertices, and 5 faces. What figure am I?
8. I am a solid figure with no vertices or edges. What am I?

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9. All 4 of my faces are identical. What solid figure am I?
Challenge CW145
LESSON 27.2
Name
Puzzle Watch
Here are two puzzles to solve.
1. A supermarket worker wants to know how many ways
he can stack four cube-shaped boxes. He can stack
them in 1, 2, 3, or 4 layers. Help by finding as many
arrangements as you can. Draw the arrangements
below. How many did you find?
2. Use the five points shown below. Connect each point

to all the other points. When you connect the five points,
how many triangles can you find in the figure?
Harcourt
CW146 Challenge
LESSON 27.3
Name
Estimate and Find Volume of Prisms

Circle the box in each row that has the greatest volume.
1.
3 in.
2 in.
5 in.
8 in. 2 in. 6 in. 6 in.
4 in.
2 in.
2.
1 in. 2 in. 2 in.

10 in.
1 in. 5 in.
3 in. 1 in.
2 in.
3. 1 in.
2 in. 3 in.
4 in. 2 in.
8 in. 3 in.
2 in.
2 in.
4. Which of the three boxes you circled has the greatest volume?
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5. Is it easy to judge the volume of a box by looking at it? Explain.
Challenge CW147
LESSON 27.4
Name
Problem Solving Skill

Too Much/Too Little Information
Each of these problems has too little information. Supply
each problem with reasonable data. Solve.
1. Marion wants to build a wooden box that is 20

centimeters long and 15 centimeters high. What is the
volume of the box?
2. Rebecca wants to build a box too. She wants it to have

the same volume as Marions, but a different width.
Rebecca wants the box to be 20 centimeters long. What
is the height and width of the box?
3. Michael bought some wood to build a box. He wants to

build a box that is 10 inches long and 4 inches high.
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What is the volume of the box?
CW148 Challenge
LESSON 28.1
Name
Pentomino Turns
A pentomino is a figure made of 5 congruent squares
joined edge to edge. Each square in a pentomino must
share a side with its neighbor.
These sides do not line up.
These are pentominoes. These are not pentominoes.
In the first column, draw as many pentominoes as you can.

In the next 3 columns draw each of your pentominoes as it
1 1 3
would look after a 4, 2, and 4 turn.
1 1 3
Pentomino turn turn turn
4 2 4
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Challenge CW149
LESSON 28.2
Name
Angle Analogies
Measure the angles in each exercise. Write the measures of the first 3
angles in the spaces provided. Then circle the angle that best finishes
the sentence and write the measure of that angle in the last space pro-
vided.
Example:
30 is to 60 as 20 is to 40 .
1.
is to as is to .
2.
is to as is to .
3.
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is to as is to .
4.
is to as is to .
CW150 Challenge
LESSON 28.3
Name
Circles
Help the athletes by choosing the correct plates to put on
the weight-lifting dumbbell bar.
Remember the following:
The dumbbell bar weighs 45 pounds.
Plates weigh 5, 10, 25, 35, or 45 pounds.
A matching plate must be added to both sides to
balance the bar.
It is quicker to use heavier plates. So, adding one
10-pound plate to a side is better than adding two
5-pound plates to a side.
45 35 25 10 5
1. Anna wants to lift 135 pounds. Which plates should

she use?
2. Anna wants to increase the weight from 135 pounds

to 185 pounds. Which plates should she add?
3. The world record for weight-lifting is 765 pounds.

Which plates would be needed for such a task?
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4. Mark wants to lift about 300 pounds.

What would you suggest he use?
Challenge CW151
LESSON 28.4
Name
Circumference
Each figure below is made from parts of circles and rectangles. Tell
how many circles are in the figure, and then estimate the distance
around each figure.
1. 9 ft a. Number of circles:
5 ft
b. Estimated distance around:
2. a. Number of circles:
2m 2m
4m 4m
2m 2m b. Estimated distance around:

6m
2 yd
2 yd
3 yd b. Estimated distance around:

3 yd
6 cm b. Estimated distance around:
6 cm
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10 ft
10 ft
b. Estimated distance around:
10 ft
CW152 Challenge
LESSON 28.5
Name
Classify Triangles
1. How many different isosceles triangles can you
find and name in the figure below?
equilateral triangles?
scalene triangles?
A B
D C
2. How many different isosceles triangles can you

find and name in the figure below?
equilateral triangles?
scalene triangles?
A
E
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C
3. How many triangles are formed when any parallelogram
and its diagonals are drawn?
Challenge CW153
LESSON 28.6
Name
A Scavenger Hunt
Quadrilaterals are all around you. Here is your chance
to find them. By yourself or in a small group, find the
shapes listed below. Search for shapes in your classroom,
on the playground, or at home. Use the chart to record
your findings.
Give yourself the following points for each shape.
Challenge yourself to find the harder shapesand
score more points!
Rectangle 1 point
Square 2 points
Rhombus 3 points
Trapezoid 4 points
Shape Found Description Points
rectangle cafeteria table 1
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CW154 Challenge
LESSON 28.7
Name
Diagram Detective
It is time for you to be a Diagram Detective. Look at the Venn
diagrams in 1 and 2. Choose the labels that best describe each
Venn diagram, and write them on the lines provided. You will
not use all of the labels.
1. A Venn Diagram Labels
Factors of 12
B Odd Numbers Between 0 and 20
Even Numbers Between 0 and 20
Multiples of 3 Less Than 20
Multiples of 5 Between 0 and 28
A B Numbers Divisible by 2
Factors of 10
2. A
A B
Think about how these months are related. Then write

your own labels for the Venn diagram.
3.
Harcourt
Challenge CW155
LESSON 29.1
Name
Three Coins in a Fountain

When you toss a coin, there are just two possible outcomes:
heads or tails.
If you toss two coins at once, there are three possible
outcomes:
2 heads
1 head and 1 tail
2 tails
For Problems 12, complete the sentence.

1. If you toss three coins at once, there are four possible
outcomes: 3 heads, 2 heads and 1 tail,
and .
2. If you toss four coins at once, how many possible
outcomes are there? What are they?
For Problems 34, use the table.

Try this experiment. Toss two coins at once, 1 Head
and tally the results of the tosses. Repeat for a 2 Heads 2 Tails
and 1 Tail
total of 20 tosses.
3. Of the 20 tosses, how many times did you
get 2 heads? 1 head and 1 tail? 2 tails?
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4. Compare your results with those of your classmates.

Which outcome seems more likely: 2 tails or 1 head
and 1 tail?
CW156 Challenge
LESSON 29.2
Name
The Path of Probability

Toss a coin 5 times to follow a probability path from the start
to the end boxes.
Rules a. Toss the coin. If it is heads, follow the heads path to
the next oval. If it is tails, follow the tails path.
b. Put a tally mark in an oval for each toss.
c. After 5 tosses, record the letter of the box in which

you land.
d. Repeat the process 20 times.
Start
Toss 1 heads tails
Toss 2 heads tails heads tails
Toss 3 heads tails heads tails heads tails
Toss 4 heads tails heads tails heads tails heads tails
Toss 5 heads tails heads tails heads tails heads tails heads tails
A B C D E F
1. In which lettered boxes did you finish most often?

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2. In which boxes did you finish least often?
Challenge CW157
LESSON 29.3
Name
Mystery Cube
Yancy wrote 6 different one-digit numbers on a cube. ? ?
Then he made an identical cube. The line plot shows the ? ? ? ?
sums and the number of ways he could get each sum if he
were to toss his two number cubes. ???
HINT: If Yancy wrote the numbers 4 and

5 on each cube, he would count
getting 4 5 and 5 4 as
two different ways to toss.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Sums
Answer the question.

1. If 1 were the least number on each cube, what would be
the least sum that could be marked on a line plot?
Use the line plot. Complete the table below to find the
6 one-digit numbers Yancy wrote on each cube.
2.
Number of
Sum Ways to Toss Ways to Toss the Sum
8 1 44
9 2 4 5, 5 4
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3. The numbers Yancy wrote on each cube are .

CW158 Challenge
LESSON 29.4
Name
A Likely Story
A single dart can land anywhere on this dart board. The players
score is the number in the area the dart hits. Tell whether each
event is likely or unlikely.
10
5
3
1
1. The score is an odd number.
2. The score is an even number in a shaded section.
3. The score is less than 100.
4. The score is a number divisible by 50.
5. The score is a number divisible by 10.

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6. The score is 25 or 50.
7. The score is 10.
8. The dart lands exactly in the center of the board.
9. The dart lands in a shaded section.
10. The dart lands in a section that is not shaded.
Challenge CW159
LESSON 30.1
Name
Certainly Not!
Remember, if an event is certain, it will always happen. If
an event is impossible, it will never happen.
1. Write numbers in the spinner Certain
so that each of the following
events is certain.
The pointer stopping on a
number
A. that is greater than 25
B. that has 12 as a factor
C. that is divisible by 3
D. that has the sum of 8 or
more when its two digits
are added together
2. Write numbers in the spinner so that each of the events

above is impossible.
Impossible
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3. Look at the spinner in Problem 2. Write two more events

that would be impossible if you were to use the spinner.
CW160 Challenge
LESSON 30.2
Name
Heads or Tails?
A coin should land on heads about half of the time.
What if you toss a coin 10 times? Are you likely to get 5 heads
and 5 tails?
What if you toss a coin 50 times? Are you likely to get 25
heads and 25 tails?
Try these experiments before you answer.

Heads Tails Total
1. Toss a coin 10 times. Record your tallies
in the table.
10
2. Toss a coin 50 times. Record your tallies
in the table. 50
3. Compare your results with those of your
classmates. How many students got
exactly 5 heads and 5 tails? How many students got
exactly 25 heads and 25 tails?
4. Find the fraction (in simplest form) of heads for both

experiments, as follows.
Experiment 1: number of heads

10
Experiment 2: number of heads

50
Compare the fractions in Problem 4 with those of your classmates.
Then complete 57. Write likely or unlikely.
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5. If you toss a coin 10 times, you are to get

exactly 10 heads.

exactly 50 heads.

between 20 and 30 heads.
Challenge CW161
LESSON 30.3
Name
Word Wonders
The words and, or, not are small words, but they are very
important to the meanings of sentences.
Circle the shape that has C
A B D
4 sides and has sides that
are the same length.
Circle the shapes that have C

A B D
3 sides or a consonant.
Circle the shapes that are

C
not triangles. A B D
For 13, use the shapes at the right.

1. Draw the shapes that have exactly 1 2 1 2
4 sides and the number 1.
1 1 2 1 2
2. Draw the shapes that are triangles 3. Draw the shapes that do not
or have the number 2. have exactly 4 sides.
Use the shapes with the numbers. Write a sentence of your own for each of
Harcourt
the words and, or, not. Draw the answer.
4.
5.
6.
CW162 Challenge
LESSON 30.4
Name
Name Mix-Up
Read the clues given. They describe
J av
Gina
the probabilities of pulling specific
students names from a bag. The six Errol ier
names at right were not put into
either bag. Use the information to
decide into which bag each name
should go. Write the correct names ile e
on the cards below. Otis err Mia
M
Ms. Simons Class Bag Mrs. Kipps Class Bag

The probability of pulling a name The probability of pulling a name
a. beginning with a vowel is 3
, or 1
9
.
3 a. ending in a vowel is 5
.
9
b. ending in the letter l is 2
.
9
3 1
b. with 5 or more letters is , or .
9 3
0
c. beginning with the letter J, K, c. beginning with the letter V is .
9
L, or M is 6
, or 2.
9 3
Laurence Jamie Kim Elise Chu Stan
Ava Miguel Eddie Candace Pearl Bob

Harcourt
Challenge CW163

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Challenge

Orlando Boston Dallas Chicago San Diego

Unit 1: UNDERSTAND NUMBERS Unit 2: DATA, GRAPHING, AND TIME

Chapter 10: Multiply by 1-Digit Chapter 15: Divide by 2-Digit Divisors

Chapter 28: Measure and Classify

Chapter 29: Outcomes

Chapter 30: Probability

Just Down the Road a Bit

The distance from Taylorville to Rye is 10 miles.

Use the map. Estimate the distances.

1. Taylorville to North Adams

2. Hancock to Black Creek

4. Belmont to Black Creek

7. The distance between which two towns is about 2 times

8. It takes Don longer to bicycle from Bristol to North

1. Ties: ten thousand, four hundred fifty-three 10,4 3 (W)

2. Refrigerator magnets: twelve thousand 1 ,000 (A)

3. Pens: fourteen thousand, four hundred ninety-two 1 , 492 (G)

4. Parking meters: two hundred sixty-nine 26 (S)

5. Get-well cards: thirty-three million 3 ,000,000 (M)

6. Four-leaf clovers: seven thousand, one hundred sixteen

7. Earrings: eighteen thousand, seven hundred fifty 8,750 (U)

8. Credit cards: one thousand, three hundred eighty-four

9. Soda bottles: six thousand, five hundred ten , 510 (E)

10. Miniature bottles: twenty-nine thousand, five hundred eight

11. What does John collect?

Spin That Number

Use a pencil and a paper clip to

Play this game with a partner.

4. What is the highest possible total value for one round?

Planet Distance from the Sun in Miles

1. Which two planets are closest together?

3. What is the distance between Earth and Saturn?

4. Which planet is closest to Earth?

5. Which planet is closest to Jupiter?

6. Which two planets are 856,000,000 miles apart?

The Complete Picture

The Five Most Populated States in the U.S.A.

1. Explain how you completed your chart and pictograph.

2. Could the sixth most populated state have an estimated

The Number Machine

4. 421,715 420,715 5. 893,686 893,286 6. 57,237 50,007

7. 54,764,823 8. 1,335 1,835 9. 738,231 739,231

10. 77,123 77,723 11. 50,234 50,555 12. 914,695 914,700

Find the numbers that are described.

b. 2,000 less b. 5,000 less

15. 16,802 a. 10,000 greater 16. 81,043 a. 500 greater

b. 10,000 less b. 500 less

17. 99,999 a. 1,000 greater 18. 20,000 a. 1,000 greater

b. 1,000 less b. 1,000 less

1,335 5,160 57 2,015,675

1. Heights of mountains in feet: 1,535 1,025

2. Temperatures in degrees Celsius: 25 36

3. Populations of cities: 615,450 615,490

4. Lengths of tunnels in feet: 5,280 5,046

5. Ages of trees in years: 241 356

6. Lengths of rivers in miles: 3,710 2,980

7. Numbers of stamps in collections: 490 563

8. Numbers of mosquitoes in swamps: 2,500,000 3,300,000