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    Person With Silicosis, DM, Post Gastrectomy State

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    khleeo
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic factor that causes tuberculosis. Predisposing factors such as age, gender, poor nutrition, and immunocompromised status make a person more susceptible to infection. The bacteria are transmitted via airborne droplets and initially infect the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lower respiratory tract and lungs. This leads to an inflammatory response and release of chemical mediators that attract immune cells to fight the infection. However, the bacteria can evade the immune response, leading to active infection, tissue destruction, and potentially extrapulmonary spread to other organs if left untreated.

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    Person With Silicosis, DM, Post Gastrectomy State

    Uploaded by

    khleeo
    33 views6 pages
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic factor that causes tuberculosis. Predisposing factors such as age, gender, poor nutrition, and immunocompromised status make a person more susceptible to infection. The bacteria are transmitted via airborne droplets and initially infect the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lower respiratory tract and lungs. This leads to an inflammatory response and release of chemical mediators that attract immune cells to fight the infection. However, the bacteria can evade the immune response, leading to active infection, tissue destruction, and potentially extrapulmonary spread to other organs if left untreated.

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    Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic factor that causes tuberculosis. Predisposing factors such as age, gender, poor nutrition, and immunocompromised status make a person more susceptible to infection. The bacteria are transmitted via airborne droplets and initially infect the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lower respiratory tract and lungs. This leads to an inflammatory response and release of chemical mediators that attract immune cells to fight the infection. However, the bacteria can evade the immune response, leading to active infection, tissue destruction, and potentially extrapulmonary spread to other organs if left untreated.

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    33 views6 pages

    Person With Silicosis, DM, Post Gastrectomy State

    Uploaded by

    khleeo
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic factor that causes tuberculosis. Predisposing factors such as age, gender, poor nutrition, and immunocompromised status make a person more susceptible to infection. The bacteria are transmitted via airborne droplets and initially infect the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lower respiratory tract and lungs. This leads to an inflammatory response and release of chemical mediators that attract immune cells to fight the infection. However, the bacteria can evade the immune response, leading to active infection, tissue destruction, and potentially extrapulmonary spread to other organs if left untreated.

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    PATHOHYSIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

    Precipitating Factors: Etiologic Factor: Predisposing Factors:


    >Poor Nutrition
    >Immunocompromised status Mycobacterium tuberculosis >Age
    >Stress >Gender
    (Human type)
    >Chronic disease

    Person At risk:
    1. Adults whose initial infection was acquired many years previously
    2. Person with close contact with someone who has tuberculosis
    3. Person with tuberculin test have recently converted to significant reaction
    4. Alcoholic person
    5. Elderly living in extended care facilities
    6. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy
    7. Person with silicosis, DM, Post gastrectomy state

    Infected Human via airborne or droplet

    Invade the upper respiratory tract


    (Increase in number of bacilli)

    Passes through trachea

    Invade the lower respiratory tract

    Pass to bronchial tree

    Alveoli Bronchioles
    Bacteria increase in number

    Destruction

    Infection

    Inflammatory response
    (Inflammation)

    Release of chemical mediators

    Cytokines Leukotriens Histamine Serotonin

    Attract other Stimulates SOS signals Vasodilatation Increase


    Stimulate
    types of vascular
    cytotoxic T-
    Protective WBC permeability
    cells and B-
    cells to grow Attracts WBC
    on sites Fluid enters the
    and divide interstitial cells
    Increase
    macrophages Increase blood
    flow
    Chemotaxis
    BPN
    Lyses bacterial cell Fever
    wall Mucus production

    Engulf bacilli Cough to expel mucus

    Activates phagocytes

    Extend Receptors

    Fc Receptor Scavenger Complement Receptor Toll-like receptor

    Attached to bacterium
    Extend pseudopods

    Surrounds and engulf bacteria

    Phagosome

    phagocytosis

    Decrease Immune System Increase Immune System

    Primary Infection

    Increase number of bacilli

    Inflammatory Reaction Fever

    (+)Fever, chills,
    night sweats
    Recurrent phagocytosis Macrophages Neutrophils Eosinophils

    1st exposure
    Kills detected foreign bacteria

    Macrophages engulf bac.


    Contains micholic Acid fast bacilli Multi-drug
    acid resistant
    Antigen presenting cell
    Prevents differentiation
    Stimulates helper T-cells

    Bacterial resistance
    Memory T-cells

    Secretion of antibiotics Bacteria sluges at regional


    lymph nodes

    2nd exposure
    Calcify partially with Thoracic duct Other lymph
    bacilli still alive nodes
    Stimulates memory B-cells
    Blood
    (+) skin Increase
    Antigen production Test precipitating and
    predisposing Infected blood
    circulates
    Increase lymphocytes Active infection

    Increase lytic enzyme Extrapulmunary tuberculosis

    Kill bacteria Alveolar destruction


    Kidney CNS Peritoneum Bones GIT

    atelectasis

    Gray-white circumscribed Progress and heal Active Invades adjoining


    granulomatous lesions organ and channels

    Reactive Non-reactive
    Transform to fibrous tissue
    (+) rales during Chest pain, nasal
    Ghon’s lesion (Dormant bacteria) ausciltaion, DOB flaring

    Necrotic
    Chest x-ray
    Liberation
    reveals (+) TB
    Cheesy mass scar
    Active infection LSUR

    calcified Collagenous scar TB scar


    Increase
    number of LSLL
    bacteria
    Lungs
    Bacteria produce Eats mucusal lining
    cavitary lesions (+)
    New tissue of bacilli Capillaries
    blood

    Lytic enzyme atelectasis Caseous Increase Productive


    necrosis mucus cough Hemoptysis
    Scarring/ cavitation
    Empties into the bronchus

    Extensive lung consumption Caseous pneumonia

    Extensive compensation

    DEATH
    DOB

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