Weight & Balance: Weight X Arm Moment Total Moments / Total Weight CG

Gold Seal Test Topics Weight & Balance
Things you must memorize:
Weight x Arm = Moment

Total Moments / Total Weight = CG
Fuel Weight: six pounds/gallon

Empty Weight: total weight of airframe, engine, permanently installed equipment, hydraulic fluids,
unusable fuel, and undrainable oil
Maximum Gross Weight is shown in the CG

moment envelope diagram as the top number
in the Loaded Airplane Weight axis. In this
example, the maximum gross weight is 2,300
pounds.
Arm: a distance (in inches)

Moment: a turning force (in pound-inches)
CG: center of gravity
Question:
If an aircraft is loaded 110 pounds over maximum gross weight, how much fuel must be drained in order
to bring the aircraft weight within limits?
Answer:
Fuel (avgas) weighs six pounds/gallon. Divide 110 pounds by 6 to yield 18.33.
Drain 18.4 gallons to bring the aircraft weight within limits.
Question:
Given this loading, where is the Weight Arm Moment
airplanes CG? Empty Weight 1,700 19 32,300
Answer: Pilot & Passenger 320 25 8,000
Fuel (30 gallons) 180 30 5,400
First, sum the weights and moments. Baggage 100 38 3,800
Total weight is 2,300 pounds.
Total moments is 49,500 pound-inches.
49,500 / 2,300 = 21.52 inches.
The airplanes CG is 21.52 inches from the datum.
Gold Seal Online Ground School www.FAA-Ground-School.com Copyright 2014 by Atlanta Flight, Inc.
Question:
What is the maximum amount of fuel that may Weight Moment/1000

be aboard the airplane at takeoff assuming the Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
following loading? Pilot & Passenger 340
(Refer to Figure 35) Rear Passengers 310
Baggage 45
Oil (8 quarts)
Answer:
The loading chart given in the question must be Weight Moment/1000

filled in. Note that the weight and moment for 8 Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
quarts of oil is listed in the Notes (#2). You must Pilot & Passenger 340 12.5
calculate for fuel (which weighs 6 lbs/gal). Rear Passengers 310 22.5
Use the first chart (on the left) to determine Baggage 45 4.0
moments for passengers and baggage. Find the Oil (8 quarts) 15 -0.2
Fuel 240 11.5
points along diagonal lines that match the weight.
Drop straight down to read the Load Moment from the bottom axis. The Moment on the Pilot & Front
Passenger line at 340 pounds is 12.5. Find the Moments for Rear Passengers and Baggage (22.5 and 4.0)
Maximum gross weight is 2300 pounds. So, first add all the weights (except fuel) to determine how
much fuel can be loaded without exceeding max gross. That sum is 2060 pounds. 240 pounds of fuel
may be added to yield a total sum of 2300 pounds. Using the left chart, the Fuel Moment is 11.5.
Next, sum all Moments to yield 101.8. The dark orange upward line shows that 101.8 does fall within the
Normal Category moment envelope.
Thus, 40 gallons of fuel (weighing 240 pounds) may be loaded.
Question:
What is the maximum amount of baggage that Weight Moment/1000

may be aboard the airplane for the CG to Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
remain within the moment envelope? Pilot & Passenger 250
(Refer to Figure 35) Rear Passengers 400
Baggage
Answer: Fuel (30 gallons)
Oil (8 quarts) -0.2
105 pounds of baggage.
Question:
Calculate the airplanes moment and Weight Moment/1000

determine which category is applicable. Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
(Refer to Figure 35) Pilot & Passenger 310
Rear Passengers 96
Answer: Baggage
Fuel (30 gallons)
80.8, utility category.
Oil (8 quarts) -0.2
Question:
Calculate the airplanes moment based on the Weight Moment/1000

given loading. Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
Fuel (Standard Tanks) Full
Answer: Oil (8 quarts) -0.2
74.9 pound-inches. (Note the Legend data
referring to Standard and Long Range tanks.)
Question:
Calculate the airplanes moment and Weight Moment/1000

determine which category is applicable. Empty Weight 1,350 51.5
Fuel (48 gallons)
Answer: Oil (8 quarts) 15 -0.2
79.2, normal category
Question:
Determine if the airplanes weight and balance is Front Seat Occupants 340 lbs.
within limits. Rear Seat Occupants 295 lbs.
(Refer to Figure 33 and Figure 34) Fuel (Main Wing Tanks) 44 gals.
Baggage 56 lbs.
Answer:
20 pounds overweight; CG within limits
Question:
Calculate the airplanes weight and balance and Front Seat Occupants 350 lbs.
determine if the weight and CG are within limits. Rear Seat Occupants 325 lbs.
(Refer to Figure 33 and Figure 34) Fuel 35 gals.
Baggage 2 lbs.
Answer:
CG is 83.4; within limits
Question:
What can the pilot do to reduce the airplanes Front Seat Occupants 425 lbs.
weight to Max. Gross Weight and locate the CG Rear Seat Occupants 300 lbs.
within CG limits? Fuel (Main Tanks) 44 gals.
(Refer to Figure 33 and Figure 34)
Answer:
Drain 9 gallons of fuel (54 pounds).
Question:
Assuming the following loading, what is the Front Seat Occupants 387 lbs.
maximum amount of baggage that can be carried? Rear Seat Occupants 293 lbs.
(Refer to Figure 33 and Figure 34) Fuel (Main Wing Tanks) 35 gals.
Answer:
45 pounds of baggage.
Question:
How should the 500 pound weight be moved to balance the plank on the fulcrum?
Answer:
500 lbs. (X) = 250 lbs.(20) + 200 lbs.(15)

500X = 8000
X = 16
The CG of the weight is currently at 15.
Move the weight 1 to the left.
Question:
If 50 pounds is located at point X and 100 pounds is located at point Z, how much weight must be
located at point Y to balance the plank?
Answer:
50 lbs.(50) + Y(25) = 100 lbs.(100)

2,500 + 25Y = 10,000
25Y = 7,500
Y = 7,500/25 = 300
300 pounds of weight at point Y.

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Gold Seal Test Topics Weight & Balance

Things you must memorize:

Weight x Arm = Moment

Fuel Weight: six pounds/gallon

Maximum Gross Weight is shown in the CG

Arm: a distance (in inches)

Drain 18.4 gallons to bring the aircraft weight within limits.

49,500 / 2,300 = 21.52 inches.

The airplanes CG is 21.52 inches from the datum.

What is the maximum amount of fuel that may Weight Moment/1000

The loading chart given in the question must be Weight Moment/1000

Thus, 40 gallons of fuel (weighing 240 pounds) may be loaded.

What is the maximum amount of baggage that Weight Moment/1000

Calculate the airplanes moment and Weight Moment/1000

Calculate the airplanes moment based on the Weight Moment/1000

Calculate the airplanes moment and Weight Moment/1000

20 pounds overweight; CG within limits

CG is 83.4; within limits

Drain 9 gallons of fuel (54 pounds).

500 lbs. (X) = 250 lbs.(20) + 200 lbs.(15)

Move the weight 1 to the left.

50 lbs.(50) + Y(25) = 100 lbs.(100)

300 pounds of weight at point Y.

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