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SECTION 23 07 13 – DUCTWORK INSULATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

0.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General Conditions and Division
01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

B. Specifications throughout all Divisions of the Project Manual are directly applicable to this
Section, and this Section is directly applicable to them.

0.2 SUMMARY

A. Perform all Work required to provide and install ductwork insulation and jackets indicated by
the Contract Documents with supplementary items necessary for proper installation.

0.3 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. The latest published edition of a reference shall be applicable to this Project unless identified
by a specific edition date.

B. All reference amendments adopted prior to the effective date of this Contract shall be
applicable to this Project.

C. All materials, installation and workmanship shall comply with the applicable requirements and
standards addressed within the following references:

1. ASTM B209 - Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate.

2. ASTM C168 - Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation Materials.

3. ASTM C518 - Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow
Meter Apparatus.

4. ASTM C553 - Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial
Applications.

5. ASTM C612 - Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation.

6. ASTM C1071 - Standard Specification for Fibrous Glass Duct Lining Insulation (Thermal
and Sound Absorbing Material).

7. ASTM C1104 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of
Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation.

8. ASTM C1290 - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used
to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts.

9. ASTM C1136 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for
Thermal Insulation.

10. ASTM C1338 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation
Materials and Facings.

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11. ASTM E84 - Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

12. ASTM E96 - Water Vapor Transmission of Materials.

13. ASTM E119 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and
Materials.

14. ASTM G21 - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric
Materials to Fungi.

15. NFPA 255 - Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

16. SMACNA - HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible.

17. UL 181 - Standard for Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors.

18. UL 723 - Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

19. ASTM E2336 - Standard for Grease Ducts.

20. ASTM D5590 - - Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and
Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay

0.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. All ductwork requiring insulation shall be insulated as specified herein and as required for a
complete system. In each case, the insulation shall be equivalent to that specified and
materials applied and finished as described in these Specifications.

B. All insulation, jacket, adhesives, mastics, sealers, etc., utilized in the fabrication of these
systems shall meet NFPA for fire resistant ratings (maximum of 25 flame spread and 50
smoke developed ratings) and shall be approved by the insulation manufacturer for
guaranteed performances when incorporated into their insulation system, unless a specific
product is specified for a specific application and is stated as an exception to this
requirement. Certificates to this effect shall be submitted along with Contractor’s submittal
data for this Section of the Specifications. No material may be used that, when tested by the
ASTM E84-89 test method, is found to melt, drip or delaminate to such a degree that the
continuity of the flame front is destroyed, thereby resulting in an artificially low flame spread
rating.

C. Application Company Qualifications: Company performing the Work of this Section must have
minimum three (3) years experience specializing in the trade.

D. All insulation shall be applied by mechanics skilled in this particular Work and regularly
engaged in such occupation.

E. All insulation shall be applied in strict accordance with these Specifications and with factory
printed recommendations on items not herein mentioned. Unsightly, inadequate, or sloppy
Work will not be acceptable.

0.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data:

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1. Provide product description, list of materials, “k” value, “R” value, mean temperature
range, and thickness for each service and location.

B. Record Documents:

1. Submit under provisions of Division 01.

C. Operation and Maintenance Data:

1. Samples: When requested, submit three (3) samples of any representative size
illustrating each insulation type.

2. Manufacturer’s Installation Instructions: Indicate procedures that ensure acceptable

standards will be achieved. Submit certificates to this effect.

0.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver, store, protect, and handle products to the Project Site under provisions of Division 01
and Division 20.

B. Deliver materials to Site in original factory packaging, labeled with manufacturer’s

identification including product thermal ratings and thickness.

C. Store insulation in original wrapping and protect from weather and construction traffic. Protect
insulation against dirt, water, chemical, and mechanical damage.

D. Maintain ambient temperatures and conditions required by manufacturers of adhesives,

mastics and insulation cements.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

0.1 GENERAL

A. All materials shall meet or exceed all applicable referenced standards, federal, state and local
requirements, and conform to codes and ordinances of authorities having jurisdiction.

0.2 MANUFACTURERS

A. CertainTeed Corporation.

B. Johns Manville Corporation.

C. Knauf Corporation.

D. Owens-Corning.

E. Armacell North America.

F. Unifrax 1 LLC. (FyreWrap)

G. 3M Fire Protection Products (Fire Barrier Duct Wrap 615+)

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0.3 INSULATION MATERIALS

A. Type D1: Flexible glass fiber; ASTM C553 and ASTM C1290; commercial grade; 'k' value of
0.25 at 75 degrees F; 1.5 lb/cu ft minimum density; 0.002 inch foil scrim kraft facing for air
ducts.

B. Type D2: Rigid glass fiber; ASTM C612, Class 1; 'k' value of 0.23 at 75 degrees F; 3.0 lb/cu ft
minimum density; 0.002 inch foil scrim kraft facing for air ducts.

C. Type D3: Ductliner (to be used in return air sound boots only), flexible glass fiber; ASTM
C1071; Type II, ‘k’ value of 0.23 at 75 degrees F; 3.0 lb/cu ft minimum density; coating air
side for maximum 4,000 feet per minute air velocity. The airstream surface must be protected
with a durable acrylic surface coating specifically formulated to:

1. Be no more corrosive than sterile cotton when tested in accordance with the test method
for corrosiveness in ASTM C665.

2. Absorb no more than 3 percent by weight when tested in accordance with the test
method for moisture vapor sorption in ASTM C1104.

3. Not support the growth of fungus or bacteria, when tested in accordance with the test
method for fungi resistance in ASTM C1071, ASTM C1338, ASTM G21, and ASTM G22.

4. Show no signs of warpage, cracking, delaminating, flaming, smoking, glowing, or any

other visibly negative changes when tested in accordance with the test method for temperature resistance
in ASTM C411.

5. Have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less
when tested in accordance with the test method for surface burning in ASTM E 84.

6. Meet the sound absorption requirements when tested in accordance with the test method
for sound absorption in ASTM C423.

7. Show no evidence of continued erosion, cracking, flaking, peeling, or delamination when

tested in accordance with the test method for erosion resistance in UL181.

D. Type D4: Fire Rated Grease Duct Insulation (High Temperature Flexible Blanket); 1-1/2-inch
thick refractory grade fibrous fire barrier material with minimum service temperature design of
2,000 degrees F; aluminum foil laminated on both sides; with a minimum ‘k’ value of 0.25 and
a minimum density of 6 lbs/cu ft; containing no asbestos. Listed by a nationally recognized
testing laboratory (NRTL) UL to meet ASTM E 2336, ASTM E119, and with flame
spread/smoke minimum rating of 25 / 50 when tested as per ASTM E84/UL 723.

E. Type D5: Outdoor Duct Insulation (Closed Cell Flexible Elastomeric Insulation); 1 inch thick
material that has a service temperature range from –60 degrees F to 180 degrees F. This
outdoor duct insulation meets ASTM C 177 or C 518 and shall have minimum ‘k’ value of 0.27
Btu-in. / hr-ft2- degrees F at minimum density measurement of 3 lb/cu ft. The insulation and
outside surface must be protected with a white Thermo Plastic Rubber Membrane formulated
to:

1. Be resistant to UV, and ozone, acid rain, and physical elements produced from outdoor
weather per ASTM E 96 Procedure A.

2. Have aflame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less when
tested in accordance with the test method for surface burning in ASTM E 84.

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3. Show no evidence of continued erosion, delaminating, cracking, flaking, or peeling when

tested in accordance with the test method for erosion resistance in UL181. Be resistant to mold growth
resistance, ASTM G 21/C 1338 resistant to fungi, and resistant to bacteria growth per ASTM G 22.

F. Type D6: Ductliner (to be used in return air sound boots only), flexible glass fiber; ASTM
C1071; Type II, ‘k’ value of 0.23 at 75 degrees F; 3.0 lb/cu ft minimum density; coating air
side for maximum 4,000 feet per minute air velocity. The airstream surface must be protected
with a durable polyacrylate copolymer emulsion specifically formulated to:

1. Not support the growth of fungus or bacteria, when tested in accordance with the test
method for fungi resistance in ASTM D 5590 with “0” growth rating.

2. Act as a fungicidal protective coating: water based, VOC < 50 g/l. Fungicidal coating
must be EPA registered for use in HVAC duct systems. Manufacturer: H.B. Fuller Construction Products
Inc., Foster 40-20 (white) or 40-30 (black) Fungicidal Protective Coating or approved equal. Coatings
may also be used to repair damage to duct liner insulation.

0.4 INSULATION ACCESSORIES

A. Adhesives: Waterproof vapor barrier type, meeting requirements of ASTM C916; Childers
CP-82 or Foster 85-20/85-60.

B. Weather Barrier: Breather Mastic:, Childers CP-10/CP-11 or Foster 46-50 White..

C. Vapor Barrier Coating: Permeance - ASTM E 96, Procedure B, 0.08 perm or less at 45-mil
dry film thickness, tested at 100F and 50%RH; Foster 30-65 or Childers CP-34

1. When higher humidity levels may be of concern, only specify the following fungus/mold
resistant coating: Foster 30-80 AF (anti fungal). Coating must meet ASTM D 5590 with 0 growth rating**

D. Reinforcing Mesh: 10x10 or 9x8 glass mesh; Foster Mast a Fab or Childers #10

E. Jacket: Pre-sized glass cloth, minimum 7.8 oz/sq yd.

F. Type D4 Insulation Adhesive: Fire resistive to ASTM E84, Childers CP-82 or Foster 85-20.

G. Impale Anchors: Galvanized steel, 12 gage self-adhesive pad.

H. Joint Tape: Glass fiber cloth, open mesh.

I. Tie Wire and Wire Mesh: Annealed steel, 16 gage.

J. Stainless Steel Banding: 3/4-inch wide, minimum 22 gage, 304 stainless.

K. Armaflex 520, 520 BLV, or Foster 85-75 contact adhesive.

L. Armatuff 25 white seal seam tape.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

0.1 PREPARATION

A. Verify that ductwork has been tested before applying insulation materials.

B. Verify that surfaces are clean, foreign material removed, and dry.

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C. Maintain required ambient temperature during and after installation for a minimum period of
24 hours.

0.2 INSTALLATION

A. Installation shall meet or exceed all applicable federal, state and local requirements,
referenced standards and conform to codes and ordinances of authorities having jurisdiction.

B. All installation shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s published recommendations.

C. Extend duct insulation without interruption through walls, floors, and similar penetrations,
except where otherwise indicated.

D. Provide external insulation on all round ductwork connectors to ceiling diffusers and on top of
diffusers as indicated in the Ductwork Insulation Application and Thickness Schedule and the
Drawings. Secure insulation to the top of ceiling diffusers with UL181B-FX listed
polypropylene duct tape Do not insulate top of ceiling diffuser if it is used in ceiling return air
plenum or in an open space with no ceiling.

E. Flexible and Rigid fiberglass insulation (Types D1 and D2) application for exterior of duct:

1. Secure flexible insulation jacket joints with vapor barrier adhesive, tape. Tape shall be
UL181B-FX listed polypropylene duct tape.

2. Install without sag on underside of ductwork. Use 4-inch wide strips of adhesive on 8-
inch centers and mechanical fasteners where necessary to prevent sagging. Seal vapor barrier
penetrations by mechanical fasteners with vapor barrier adhesive. Stop and point insulation around
access doors and damper operators to allow operation without disturbing wrapping.

3. Insulate standing seams and stiffeners that protrude through the insulation with 1-1/2 inch
thick, unfaced, flexible blanket insulation. Cover with reinforcing mesh and coat with vapor barrier finish
coating.

4. On circumferential joints, the 2-inch flange on the facing shall be secured with 9/16 inch
outward clinch steel staples on 2-inch centers, and taped with minimum 3-inch wide strip of glass fabric
and finish coating.

5. Vapor seal all seams, joints, pin penetrations and other breaks with vapor barrier coating
reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

F. Duct Liner (Type D3 or D6) application for interior of return air sound boots:

1. Secure insulation with 100 percent coverage of duct liner adhesive, pins and clips not
more than 18 inches on center.

2. Secure bottom of duct insulation using alternate single and double clips. The first pin will
secure the insulation and the second clip will be used to secure the cladding. Isolate the exterior clip from
the cladding by using two 1/8 inch closed cell neoprene (Armaflex) washers on either side of the cladding.
Predrill holes in cladding and avoid contact with pin during installation.

3. For round duct, secure insulation with 100 percent coverage of duct liner adhesive.
Secure cladding with 3/4 inch, 0.020 inch stainless steel bands on 12-inch centers.

4. For joints and overlaps, fold cladding to form a double thickness hem 2 inches minimum.
Seal with a non-shrink, non-hardening sealing compound.

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5. Type D6: Provide fungicidal coating in air handlers ten feet on either side, first ten feet
downstream of cooling coils, ten feet downstream of mix boxes, in mechanical rooms or as otherwise
specified in potentially high humidity areas in the duct system shall be coated with an fungicidal coating;
EPA registered for use in HVAC duct systems at a coverage rate of 80 ft2/gallon.

G. Insulation (Type D4) application for exterior of grease ducts:

1. External duct wrap system requires two (2) 1.5-inch layers of lightweight, flexible wrap
overlapped to provide an effective fire barrier. The barrier is installed in 24-inch or 48-inch wide sections.
Insulation pins are welded in certain locations to maintain the fire barrier material up against the duct.

2. Grease duct doors to be installed so the door can be removed and re installed and meet
code requirements.

3. Install duct wrap as tested per manufacturer’s instructions to assure the duct wrap is
mechanically attached per the manufacturer’s spacing of bands or weld pins.

4. Vertical and horizontal members of the support hanger system shall be wrapped with one
layer of the insulation. Vertical and horizontal portions shall be wrapped independent of one another. The
horizontal hanger shall be removed from the vertical support rods and wrapped and then immediately
replaced so that an adjacent horizontal support can be removed, wrapped, and reinstalled. The end of the
threaded vertical rod shall extend 6-inch past the horizontal member at the beginning of the installation.

5. Penetrations: Where ducts penetrate fire rated walls, floors and roofs, the duct wrap
shall be used in conjunction with a firestop system that is listed by a nationally recognized laboratory and
rated for penetration of a rated wall or floor by the fire rated grease duct system used.

H. Insulation (Type D5) application for outdoor ducts:

1. Horizontal ductwork located outdoors shall be sloped at a minimum 2-degree angle to

prevent the accumulation of water on top of the finished insulated duct. Support members that connect
directly to the ductwork are to be insulated with this same material. Keep compression or sharp creases
of outdoor insulation to a minimum by distributing the weight of the duct resting on horizontal duct support
members.

2. Follow the insulation manufacturer’s installation instructions and procedures to assure the
ductwork is properly insulated and that the insulation will meet the manufacturer’s warranty requirements.

I. All ductwork, accessories, and all plenums including metal and masonry construction, etc., shall
be insulated as indicated on the Drawings, as specified herein and as required for a complete
system. In each case, the insulation shall be equal to that specified and materials applied and
finished as described in these Specifications.

J. Flexible ductwork connections to equipment shall not be insulated.

K. Where vapor barriers are required, the vapor barrier shall be on the outside. Extreme care
shall be taken that the vapor barrier is unbroken. Joints, etc., shall all be sealed. Where
insulation with a vapor barrier terminates, it shall be sealed off with the vapor barrier being
continuous to the surface being insulated. Ends shall not be left raw.

L. Extreme care shall be taken in insulating high and medium pressure ductwork including all
ductwork between the fan discharge and all mixing boxes to ensure the duct is not pierced
with sheet metal screws or other fasteners. All high and medium pressure ducts in these
Specifications are classified as high velocity ductwork.

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M. Where canvas finish is specified use lagging adhesive/coating to prevent mildew in securing
canvas. Do not use wheat paste.Use only anti fungal lagging adhesive that adheres to ASTM
D 5590 with 0 growth rating. (Foster 30-36AF, Childers CP-137AF). In addition, cover all
exterior canvas-covered insulation with a fire retardant weather barrier mastic.

N. All supply ductwork in the Project shall be insulated; all exhaust and fume hood exhaust
ductwork shall not be insulated, unless used for energy recovery purposes or noted on
drawings.

O. Flexible round ducts shall be factory insulated.

0.3 INSPECTION

A. Visually inspect the completed insulation installation per manufacturers recommended

materials, procedures and repair or replace any improperly sealed joints.

B. Where there is evidence of vapor barrier failure or “wet” insulation after installation, the
damaged insulation shall be removed, duct surface shall be cleaned and dried and new
insulation shall be installed.

0.4 DUCTWORK INSULATION APPLICATION AND THICKNESS SCHEDULE

Insulation Insulation
Ductwork System Application Type Thickness
Outside of Mechanical
D1 2"
Supply Air Rooms
(Hot, Cold, Combination) Inside of
D2 1-1/2"
Mechanical Rooms
Return Air, Relief Air, and
All D1 1"
Exhaust Air
Outside Air Treated and Untreated D1 2"
Kitchen Grease Hood Exhaust
All D4 3"
Air
Inside of
Duct mounted coils D2 2”
Mechanical Rooms
Terminal Unit Heating Coils All D1 2”

Supply Air Diffusers Top of Diffuser D1 2"

Supply Air Duct Outdoor Environment D5 2”

Return, Exhaust Air Duct Outdoor Environment D5 1-1/2"
Return Air Sound Boots/Elbows All D3 1"

END OF SECTION 23 07 13

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