Screw Guage

Experiment no 2
Objective:
To measure the diameter of the given set of pins by using screw guage.
Apparatus:
 Screw guage.
 Pins of different diameters.
Theory :
The screw gauge is an instrument used for measuring accurately the diameter of a thin wire or
the thickness of a sheet of metal. It consists of a U-shaped frame fitted with a screwed spindle
which is attached to a thimble. Parallel to the axis of the thimble, a scale graduated in mm is
engraved.
WORKING:
Micrometers use the principle of a screw to amplify small distances (that are too small to
measure directly) into large rotations of the screw that are big enough to read from a scale. The
accuracy of a micrometer derives from the accuracy of the thread-forms that are central to the
core of its design. In some cases it is a differential screw. The basic operating principles of a
micrometer are as follows:
1. The amount of rotation of an accurately made screw can be directly and precisely
correlated to a certain amount of axial movement (and vice versa), through the constant
known as the screw's lead (/ˈliːd/). A screw's lead is the distance it moves forward axially
with one complete turn (360°). (In most threads [that is, in all single-start
threads], lead and pitch refer to essentially the same concept.)
2. With an appropriate lead and major diameter of the screw, a given amount of axial
movement will be amplified in the resulting circumferential movement.
PARTS:
Frame
The C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to each other. It is thick
because it needs to minimize flexion, expansion, and contraction, which would distort the
measurement.
The frame is heavy and consequently has a high thermal mass, to prevent substantial heating up
by the holding hand/fingers. It is often covered by insulating plastic plates which further reduce
heat transference.
Anvil
The shiny part that the spindle moves toward, and that the sample rests against.
Sleeve / barrel / stock
The stationary round component with the linear scale on it, sometimes with vernier markings. In
some instruments the scale is marked on a tight-fitting but movable cylindrical sleeve fitting over
the internal fixed barrel. This allows zeroing to be done by slightly altering the position of the
sleeve.
Lock nut / lock-ring / thimble lock

The knurled component (or lever) that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary, such as
when momentarily holding a measurement.
Screw
The heart of the micrometer, as explained under "Operating principles". It is inside the barrel.
This references the fact that the usual name for the device in German is Messschraube, literally
"measuring screw".
Spindle
The shiny cylindrical component that the thimble causes to move toward the anvil.
Thimble
The component that one's thumb turns. Graduated markings.
ZERO ERROR:
Least Count of Micrometer Screw gauge = 0.001 cm. Zero Error. It is a defect in a measuring
device (VernierCallipers& Screw Gauge). When jaws of a VernierCallipers or Screw Gauge are
closed, zero of main scale must coincides with the zero of vernier scale or circular scale in case
of screw gauge.
Procedure :
 Find the value of one linear scale division (L.S.D.).

 Determine the pitch and the least count of the screw gauge and record it step wise.
 Bring the plane face B in contact with plane face A and find the zero error. Do it three
times and record them. If there is no zero error, then record zero error nil.
 Move the face B away from face A. Place the wire lengthwise over face A and move the
face B towards face A using the ratchet head R. Stop when R turns (slips) without
moving the screw.
 Note the number of divisions of the linear scale visible and uncovered by the edge of the
cap. The reading (IV) is called linear scale reading (L.S.R.).
 Note the number (n) of the division of the circular scale lying over reference line.
 Find total reading and apply zero correction in each case.
 Take mean of different values of diameter.
 Measure the length of the wire by stretching it along a half-metre scale. Keeping one end
of wire at a known mark, note the position of other end. Difference in position of the two
ends of the wire gives the length of the wire. Do it three times and record them.
Observation and Calculation:
Sr.no Material Main Circular C.R*L.C Total

Scale scale reading
(mm)
(mm) (mm)
1
2
3

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Experiment no 2

Lock nut / lock-ring / thimble lock

 Find the value of one linear scale division (L.S.D.).

Observation and Calculation:

Sr.no Material Main Circular C.R*L.C Total

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