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    Electromagnetism: (A) Magnetic Field of Magnets

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    Louella Laquinta
    The document discusses electromagnetism and magnetic fields. It describes how (1) magnets create magnetic fields with field lines between poles, (2) electric currents generate magnetic fields circularly around wires and in straight lines through coils, and (3) current-carrying conductors experience forces in magnetic fields according to Fleming's left hand rule. Examples of applications include electromagnets, loudspeakers, and electric motors.

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    Electromagnetism: (A) Magnetic Field of Magnets

    Uploaded by

    Louella Laquinta
    83 views6 pages
    The document discusses electromagnetism and magnetic fields. It describes how (1) magnets create magnetic fields with field lines between poles, (2) electric currents generate magnetic fields circularly around wires and in straight lines through coils, and (3) current-carrying conductors experience forces in magnetic fields according to Fleming's left hand rule. Examples of applications include electromagnets, loudspeakers, and electric motors.

    Original Description:

    ELECTROMAGNETISM FOR PHYSICS

    Original Title

    ELECTROMAGNETISM

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    The document discusses electromagnetism and magnetic fields. It describes how (1) magnets create magnetic fields with field lines between poles, (2) electric currents generate magnetic fields circularly around wires and in straight lines through coils, and (3) current-carrying conductors experience forces in magnetic fields according to Fleming's left hand rule. Examples of applications include electromagnets, loudspeakers, and electric motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    83 views6 pages

    Electromagnetism: (A) Magnetic Field of Magnets

    Uploaded by

    Louella Laquinta
    The document discusses electromagnetism and magnetic fields. It describes how (1) magnets create magnetic fields with field lines between poles, (2) electric currents generate magnetic fields circularly around wires and in straight lines through coils, and (3) current-carrying conductors experience forces in magnetic fields according to Fleming's left hand rule. Examples of applications include electromagnets, loudspeakers, and electric motors.

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    Electromagnetism

    (A) Magnetic field of magnets


    Interaction between magnetic poles: like poles repel; unlike poles attract.

    A magnet sets up a magnetic field in surrounding space. It is represented by field lines


    which go from a north pole (N-pole) round to a south pole (S-pole). The direction of the field
    line gives the direction of the magnetic force acting on a north pole. The point at which the
    magnetic fields cancel each other out is called a neutral point.

    Where the field lines are closely-spaced, the field is strong. Where the field lines are
    widely-spaced, the field is weak.

    The N-pole of a compass needle points north. The S-pole of the `earth magnet' is actually
    in the north.

    Electromagnetism 1
    (B) Magnetic field of electric currents
    (1) Magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor

    Current sets up a magnetic field.

     The field lines around a wire are circular. Their direction can be worked out with the
    right-hand grip rule for straight wire.

     The field lines at the centre of a flat coil is straight and at right angles to the plane of
    the coil. Outside the coil, they run in loops.

     The magnetic field outside a solenoid is similar to that of a bar magnet. The poles of
    the solenoid can be worked out using the right-hand grip rule for solenoid.

    The magnetic field of the solenoid can be increased by

     increasing the current,

     increasing the number of turns in the solenoid (for the same length of solenoid),

     inserting a soft-iron core through the solenoid. (Note that the solenoid retains its
    magnetism even after the current has been switched off if the core is made of
    steel instead.)

    Electromagnetism 2
    (2) Electromagnets

    An electromagnet consists of a coil of many turns of insulated copper wires. The coil is
    wound round a core made of a magnetic material, like soft-iron, to make the magnetic field
    stronger.

    An electromagnet can be made stronger by the following:

     increasing the current,

     increasing the number of turns in the solenoid,

     inserting a soft-iron core through the solenoid.

    Electromagnets are used in the following:

    (i) Electric bells and buzzers

    (ii) Telephones

    (iii) Maglev train

    Electromagnetism 3
    (C) Force on electric currents in a magnetic field
    (1) Force on a current-carrying conductor

    A current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The


    directions of the force, the magnetic field and the current can be worked out using
    Fleming's left-hand rule.

    (2) Turning effect on a coil

    Current through a coil produces a turning effect on a coil.

    Greatest clockwise turning effect (for the same Clockwise (not the greatest) turning effect (for the
    current and magnetic field strength) same current and magnetic field strength)

    Anticlockwise (not the greatest) turning effect (for the No turning effect
    same current and magnetic field strength)

    Electromagnetism 4
    (3) Applications

    (i) Moving-coil loudspeakers

    The following figure shows the structure of a moving-coil loudspeaker.

    As the alternating current flows backwards and forwards through the coil, the coil is pushed
    in and out. This makes the cone vibrate and give out sound waves

    (ii) Electric motors

    An electric motor contains a rectangular coil which is free to rotate between the pales of a
    magnet. Current flows into the coil via carbon brushes and a commutator (or split ring).

    The commutator is a device that reverses the current direction every time the coil makes a
    half-turn and thus enables the coil to rotate continuously. The carbon brushes are used to
    enhance contact.

    Electromagnetism 5
    In a practical motor, the coil is made up of a large number of turns wound on a soft-iron
    core (armature) to increase the magnetic field strength. The coils are set at different angles
    and the pole pieces of the magnet are made curved to give a smoother running and a
    greater turning effect.

    Electromagnetism 6

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