



    

• The six elements of a triangle are its three angles and the three
sides.
• The line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to the mid point of its
opposite side is called a median of the triangle. A triangle has
3 medians.
• The perpendicular line segment from a vertex of a triangle to its
opposite side is called an altitude of the triangle. A triangle has
3 altitudes.
• An exterior angle of a triangle is formed, when a side of a triangle is
produced.
• The measure of any exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the measures of its two interior opposite angles.
• The sum of the three angles of a triangle is 180°.
• A triangle is said to be equilateral, if each of its sides has the same
length.
• In an equilateral triangle, each angle has measure 60°.
• A triangle is said to be isosceles if at least two of its sides are of same
length.
• The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always greater
than the length of the third side.
• The difference of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always
smaller than the length of the third side.

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• In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite to the right angle is

called the hypotenuse and the other two sides are called its legs or
arms.
• In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to
the sum of the squares on its legs.
• Two plane figures, say, F 1 and F2 are said to be congruent, if the
trace-copy of F1 fits exactly on that of F2. We write this as F1 ≅ F2.

• Two line segments, say AB and CD , are congruent, if they have equal

lengths. We write this as AB ≅ CD . However, it is common to write it

as AB = CD .

• Two angles, say ∠ABC and ∠PQR, are congruent, if their measures
are equal. We write this as ∠ABC ≅ ∠ PQR or as m ∠ABC = m∠PQR or
simply as ∠ ABC = ∠ PQR.
• Under a given correspondence, two triangles are congruent, if the
three sides of the one are equal to the three sides of the other (SSS).
• Under a given correspondence, two triangles are congruent if two
sides and the angle included between them in one of the triangles
are equal to the two sides and the angle included between them of
the other triangle (SAS).
• Under a given correspondence, two triangles are congruent if two
angles and the side included between them in one of the triangles
are equal to the two angles and the side included between them of
the other triangle (ASA).
• Under a given correspondence, two right-angled triangles are
congruent if the hypotenuse and a leg (side) of one of the triangles
are equal to the hypotenuse and one of the leg (side) of the other
triangle (RHS).

  

In Examples 1 to 5, there are four options, out of which only one is

correct. Write the correct one.

Example 1: In Fig. 6.1, side QR of a ∆PQR has been produced to the

point S. If ∠PRS = 115° and ∠P = 45°, then ∠Q is equal to,
(a) 70° (b) 105° (c) 51° (d) 80°

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Fig. 6.1

Solution: Correct answer is (a).

Example 2: In an equilateral triangle ABC (Fig. 6.2), AD is an altitude.
Then 4AD2 is equal to
(a) 2BD2 (b) BC2 (c) 3AB2 (d) 2DC2

Fig. 6.2
Solution: Correct answer is (c).
Example 3: Which of the following cannot be the sides of a triangle?
(a) 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm (b) 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm
(c) 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4.5 cm (d) 2.3 cm, 6.4 cm, 5.2 cm
Solution: Correct answer is (b).


1. The word equilateral contains the roots equi,

which means “equal,” and lateral, which
means “of the side.” What do you suppose
an equilateral is?
2. The Greek prefix poly means “many,” and
the root gon means “angle.” What do you
suppose a polygon is?

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Example 4: Which one of the following is not a criterion for

congruence of two triangles?
(a) ASA (b) SSA (c) SAS (d) SSS
Solution: Correct answer is (b).
Example 5: In Fig. 6.3, PS is the bisector of ∠P and PQ = PR. Then
∆PRS and ∆PQS are congruent by the criterion
(a) AAA (b) SAS (c) ASA (d) both (b) and (c)

Fig. 6.3
Solution : Correct answer is (b).

In examples 6 to 9, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

Example 6: The line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to the
mid-point of its opposite side is called its __________.
Solution: median
Example 7: A triangle is said to be ________, if each one of its sides
has the same length.
Solution: equilateral

Example 8: In Fig. 6.4, ∠ PRS = ∠ QPR + ∠ ________

Fig. 6.4
Solution: PQR

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Example 9: Let ABC and DEF be two triangles in which AB = DE,

BC = FD and CA = EF. The two triangles are congruent
under the correspondence
ABC ↔ ________
Solution: EDF
In Examples 10 to 12, state whether the statements are True or False.
Example 10: Sum of any two sides of a triangle is not less than the
third side.
Solution: False
Example 11: The measure of any exterior angle of a triangle is equal
to the sum of the measures of its two interior opposite
angles.
Solution: True
Example 12: If in ∆ABC and ∆DEF, AB = DE, ∠A = ∠D and BC = EF
then the two triangle ABC and DEF are congruent by
SAS criterion.
Solution: False

    

Example 13
In Fig. 6.5, find x and y.

Fig. 6.5

Solution : Understand and Explore the Problem

• What all are given?

∠ABD = 60°, ∠BAD = 30° and ∠ACD = 45°
• What are to be found?
∠ADC and ∠XAC, which are respectively exterior angles
for ∆ABD and ∆ABC.

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Plan a Strategy

• Find ∠ADC using exterior angle property for ∆ABD.

• Find y using exterior angle property for ∆ABC.

Solve

• x = ∠ADC = ∠DBA + ∠BAD (In ∆ABD)

= 60° + 30°
= 90°
• y = ∠XAC = ∠ABC + ∠ACB ( In ∆ABC)
= 60° + 45°
= 105°

Revise

• Verify your answer by using some other properties of triangle.

In ∆ABD, ∠ADB = 180° – (30° + 60°) = 90° (Angle sum property
of a triangle)
x = ∠ADC = 180° – ∠ADB
= 180° – 90° = 90°, Hence, ∠ADC = 90° verified.
∠DAC = 180° – (x + 45°) = 180° – 135° = 45°

At point A on BAX , 30° + ∠DAC + y = 180°

Hence for verifying value of y, 30° + 45° + y = 180°

or y = 180° – 75° = 105°

  

1. If AD = DC? Why?
2. In given problem, can ∠B be 85° instead of 60°? If yes find the values of
x and y in that case.
3. What type of triangle is ∆ADC?

 

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 
In each of the questions 1 to 49, four options are given, out of which
only one is correct. Choose the correct one.
1. The sides of a triangle have lengths (in cm) 10, 6.5 and a, where a is
a whole number. The minimum value that a can take is
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. Triangle DEF of Fig. 6.6 is a right triangle

with ∠E = 90°.
What type of angles are ∠D and ∠F?
(a) They are equal angles
(b) They form a pair of adjacent angles
(c) They are complementary angles
Fig. 6.6
(d) They are supplementary angles

 
Diagram Statement Corresponding Corresponding
Angles Sides
∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF ∠A ≅ ∠D AB ≅ DE
∠B ≅ ∠E BC ≅ EF
∠C ≅ ∠F AC ≅ DF

3. In Fig. 6.7, PQ = PS. The

value of x is
(a) 35° (b) 45°
(c) 55° (d) 70°

4. In a right-angled triangle,
the angles other than the
right angle are
(a) obtuse (b) right
(c) acute (d) straight Fig. 6.7

5. In an isosceles triangle, one angle is 70°. The other two angles are of
(i) 55° and 55° (ii) 70° and 40° (iii) any measure

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In the given option(s) which of the above statement(s) are true?

(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (iii) only (d) (i) and (ii)

6. In a triangle, one angle is of 90°. Then

(i) The other two angles are of 45° each
(ii) In remaining two angles, one angle is 90° and other is 45°
(iii) Remaining two angles are complementary
In the given option(s) which is true?
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (iii) only (d) (i) and (ii)

7. Lengths of sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm. The triangle is

(a) Obtuse angled triangle (b) Acute-angled triangle
(c) Right-angled triangle (d) An Isosceles right triangle

8. In Fig. 6.8, PB = PD. The value of x is

(a) 85° (b) 90°
(c) 25° (d) 35°

9. In ∆PQR,
(a) PQ – QR > PR
(b) PQ + QR < PR
(c) PQ – QR< PR
(d) PQ + PR< QR

10. In ∆ ABC,
Fig. 6.8
(a) AB + BC > AC (b) AB + BC < AC
(c) AB + AC < BC (d) AC + BC < AB

  

1. Explain what it means for two polygons to be congruent.
2. Tell how to write a congruence statement for two triangles.

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11. The top of a broken tree touches the ground at a distance of 12 m

from its base. If the tree is broken at a height of 5 m from the ground
then the actual height of the tree is
(a) 25 m (b) 13 m (c) 18 m (d) 17 m

12. The trianlge ABC formed by AB = 5 cm, BC = 8 cm, AC = 4 cm is

(a) an isosceles triangle only (b) a scalene triangle only
(c) an isosceles right triangle (d) scalene as well as a right triangle

13. Two trees 7 m and 4 m high stand upright on a ground. If their

bases (roots) are 4 m apart, then the distance between their tops is
(a) 3 m (b) 5 m (c) 4 m (d) 11 m

14. If in an isosceles triangle, each of the base angles is 40°, then the
triangle is
(a) Right-angled triangle (b) Acute angled triangle
(c) Obtuse angled triangle (d) Isosceles right-angled triangle

15. If two angles of a triangle are 60° each, then the triangle is
(a) Isosceles but not equilateral (b) Scalene
(c) Equilateral (d) Right-angled

16. The perimeter of the rectangle whose length is 60 cm and a diagonal

is 61 cm is
(a) 120 cm (b) 122 cm (c) 71 cm (d) 142 cm

17. In ∆PQR, if PQ = QR and ∠Q = 100°, then ∠R is equal to

(a) 40° (b) 80° (c) 120° (d) 50°

18. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(a) The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side
(b) A triangle can have all its angles acute
(c) A right-angled triangle cannot be equilateral
(d) Difference of any two sides
of a triangle is greater than
the third side

19. In Fig. 6.9, BC = CA and

∠A = 40. Then, ∠ACD is equal to
(a) 40° (b) 80°
(c) 120° (d) 60° Fig. 6.9

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20. The length of two sides of a

triangle are 7 cm and 9 cm. The
length of the third side may lie
between
(a) 1 cm and 10 cm
(b) 2 cm and 8 cm
(c) 3 cm and 16 cm
Fig. 6.10
(d) 1 cm and 16 cm

21. From Fig. 6.10, the value of x is

(a) 75° (b) 90°
(c) 120° (d) 60°

22. In Fig. 6.11, the value of

∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F is
(a) 190° (b) 540°
(c) 360° (d) 180°
Fig. 6.11
23. In Fig. 6.12, PQ = PR, RS = RQ and ST || QR. If
the exterior angle RPU is 140°, then the
measure of angle TSR is
(a) 55° (b) 40°
(c) 50° (d) 45°

24. In Fig. 6.13, ∠BAC = 90°, AD ⊥ BC and

∠BAD = 50°, then ∠ACD is
(a) 50° (b) 40° (c) 70° (d) 60°

25. If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the

Fig. 6.12
other two angles, the triangle is
(a) obtuse (b) acute
(c) right (d) equilateral

26. If the exterior angle of a triangle is 130°

and its interior opposite angles are equal,
then measure of each interior opposite
angle is
(a) 55° (b) 65° (c) 50° (d) 60°
Fig. 6.13

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27. If one of the angles of a triangle is 110°, then the angle between the
bisectors of the other two angles is
(a) 70° (b) 110° (c) 35° (d) 145°

28. In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A meeting BC at D, CF ⊥ AB and

E is the mid-point of AC. Then median of the triangle is
(a) AD (b) BE
(c) FC (d) DE

29. In ∆PQR, if ∠ P = 60°, and ∠ Q = 40°, then the exterior angle formed
by producing QR is equal to
(a) 60° (b) 120° (c) 100° (d) 80°

30. Which of the following triplets cannot be the angles of a triangle?

(a) 67°, 51°, 62° (b) 70°, 83°, 27°
(c) 90°, 70°, 20° (d) 40°, 132°, 18°

31. Which of the following can be the length of the third side of a triangle
whose two sides measure 18 cm and 14 cm?
(a) 4 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 32 cm

32. How many altitudes does a triangle have?

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 9

33. If we join a vertex to a point on opposite side which divides that side
in the ratio 1:1, then what is the special name of that line segment?
(a) Median (b) Angle bisector
(c) Altitude (d) Hypotenuse

34. The measures of ∠x and ∠y in Fig.

6.14 are respectively
(a) 30°, 60° (b) 40°, 40°
(c) 70°, 70° (d) 70°, 60°

35. If length of two sides of a triangle are

Fig. 6.14
6 cm and 10 cm, then the length of
the third side can be
(a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 2 cm (d) 6 cm

36. In a right-angled triangle ABC, if angle B = 90°, BC = 3 cm and

AC = 5 cm, then the length of side AB is
(a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 6 cm

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37. In a right-angled triangle ABC, if angle B = 90°, then which of the

following is true?
(a) AB2 = BC2 + AC2 (b) AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(c) AB = BC + AC (d) AC = AB + BC

38. Which of the following figures will have it’s altitude outside the
triangle?

Fig. 6.15

39. In Fig. 6.16, if AB || CD, then

Fig. 6.16

 

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(a) ∠ 2 = ∠ 3 (b) ∠ 1 = ∠ 4
(c) ∠ 4 = ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 (d) ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 = ∠ 3 + ∠ 4

40. In ∆ABC, ∠Α = 100°, AD bisects ∠A and AD⊥BC. Then, ∠B is equal to

(a) 80° (b) 20° (c) 40° (d) 30°

41. In ∆ABC, ∠Α = 50°, ∠B = 70° and bisector of ∠C meets AB in D

(Fig. 6.17). Measure of ∠ADC is.

Fig. 6.17

(a) 50° (b) 100° (c) 30° (d) 70°

42. If for ∆ABC and ∆DEF, the correspondence CAB ↔ EDF gives a
congruence, then which of the following is not true?
(a) AC = DE (b) AB = EF
(c) ∠A = ∠D (d) ∠C = ∠E

43. In Fig. 6.18, M is the mid-point of both AC and

BD. Then
(a) ∠1 = ∠2 (b) ∠1 = ∠4
(c) ∠2 = ∠4 (d) ∠1 = ∠3

44. If D is the mid-point of the side BC in ∆ABC

where AB = AC, then ∠ADC is Fig. 6.18
(a) 60° (b) 45°
(c) 120s° (d) 90°

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45. Two triangles are congruent, if two angles and the side included
between them in one of the triangles are equal to the two angles and
the side included between them of the other triangle. This is known
as the
(a) RHS congruence criterion
(b) ASA congruence criterion
(c) SAS congruence criterion
(d) AAA congruence criterion

46. By which congruency criterion, the two triangles

in Fig. 6.19 are congruent?
(a) RHS (b) ASA
(c) SSS (d) SAS

47. By which of the following criterion two triangles

Fig. 6.19
cannot be proved congruent?
(a) AAA (b) SSS (c) SAS (d) ASA

48. If ∆PQR is congruent to ∆STU (Fig. 6.20), then what is the length of TU?
(a) 5 cm (b) 6 cm
(c) 7 cm (d) cannot be determined

Fig. 6.20
49. If ∆ABC and ∆DBC are on the same base BC, AB = DC and
AC = DB (Fig. 6.21), then which of the following gives a congruence
relationship?
(a) ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ DBC (b) ∆ ABC ≅∆CBD
(c) ∆ ABC ≅∆ DCB (d) ∆ ABC ≅∆BCD

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Fig. 6.21
In questions 50 to 69, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

50. The triangle always has altitude outside itself.

51. The sum of an exterior angle of a triangle and its adjacent angle is
always .

52. The longest side of a right angled triangle is called its .

53. Median is also called in an equilateral triangle.

54. Measures of each of the angles of an equilateral triangle is .

55. In an isosceles triangle, two angles are always .

56. In an isosceles triangle, angles opposite to equal sides are .

57. If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of other two, then the
measure of that angle is .

58. Every triangle has at least acute angle (s).

59. Two line segments are congruent, if they are of lengths.

60. Two angles are said to be , if they have equal measures.

61. Two rectangles are congruent, if they have same and

.

62. Two squares are congruent, if they have same .

63. If ∆ PQR and ∆ XYZ are congruent under the correspondence

QPR ↔ XYZ, then

(i) ∠R = (ii) QR =

(iii) ∠P = (iv) QP =

(v) ∠Q = (vi) RP =

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64. In Fig. 6.22, ∆PQR ≅ ∆

Fig. 6.22
65. In Fig. 6.23, ∆PQR ≅ ∆

Fig. 6.23

66. In Fig. 6.24, ∆ ≅ ∆ PQR

Fig. 6.24
67. In Fig. 6.25, ∆ ARO ≅ ∆

Fig. 6.25

68. In Fig. 6.26, AB = AD and ∠ BAC = ∠ DAC. Then

(i) ∆ ≅ ∆ ABC.
(ii) BC = .

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(iii) ∠ BCA = .
(iv) Line segment AC bisects and .

Fig. 6.26
69. In Fig. 6.27,
(i) ∠ TPQ = ∠ _____ + ∠ _____
(ii) ∠ UQR = ∠ _____ + ∠ _____
(iii) ∠ PRS = ∠ _____ + ∠ _____

Fig. 6.27

In questions 70 to 106 state whether the statements are True or False.

70. In a triangle, sum of squares of two sides is equal to the square of
the third side.

71. Sum of two sides of a triangle is greater than or equal to the third
side.
72. The difference between the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
smaller than the length of third side.
73. In ∆ABC, AB = 3.5 cm, AC = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm and in ∆PQR,
PR= 3.5 cm, PQ = 5 cm, RQ = 6 cm. Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR.

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74. Sum of any two angles of a triangle is always greater than the third
angle.
75. The sum of the measures of three angles of a triangle is greater than
180°.
76. It is possible to have a right-angled equilateral triangle.
77. If M is the mid-point of a line segment AB, then we can say that AM
and MB are congruent.
78. It is possible to have a triangle in which two of the angles are right
angles.
79. It is possible to have a triangle in which two of the angles are obtuse.
80. It is possible to have a triangle in which two angles are acute.
81. It is possible to have a triangle in which each angle is less than 60°.
82. It is possible to have a triangle in which each angle is greater than
60°.
83. It is possible to have a triangle in which each angle is equal to 60°.
84. A right-angled triangle may have all sides equal.
85. If two angles of a triangle are equal, the third angle is also equal to
each of the other two angles.
86. In Fig. 6.28, two triangles are congruent by
RHS.
87. The congruent figures super impose each
other completely.
Fig. 6.28
88. A one rupee coin is congruent to a five rupee coin.
89. The top and bottom faces of a kaleidoscope are congruent.
90. Two acute angles are congruent.
91. Two right angles are congruent.
92. Two figures are congruent, if they have the same shape.
93. If the areas of two squares is same, they are congruent.
94. If the areas of two rectangles are same, they are congruent.
95. If the areas of two circles are the same, they are congruent.
96. Two squares having same perimeter are congruent.
97. Two circles having same circumference are congruent.

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98. If three angles of two triangles are equal, triangles are congruent.
99. If two legs of a right triangle are equal to two legs of another right
triangle, then the right triangles are congruent.
100. If two sides and one angle of a triangle are equal to the two sides and
angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
101. If two triangles are congruent, then the corresponding angles are
equal.
102. If two angles and a side of a triangle are equal to two angles and a
side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
103. If the hypotenuse of one right triangle is equal to the hypotenuse of
another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
104. If hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are equal to
the hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
105. AAS congruence criterion is same as ASA congruence criterion.
106. In Fig. 6.29, AD ⊥ BC and AD is the bisector of angle BAC. Then,
∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD by RHS.

Fig. 6.29

107. The measure of three angles of a triangle are in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1.

Find the measures of these angles.
108. In Fig. 6.30, find the value of x.

Fig. 6.30

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109. In Fig. 6.31(i) and (ii), find the values of a, b and c.

(i) (ii)

Fig. 6.31

110. In triangle XYZ, the measure of angle X is 30° greater than the measure
of angle Y and angle Z is a right angle. Find the measure of ∠Y.
111. In a triangle ABC, the measure of angle A is 40° less than the measure
of angle B and 50° less than that of angle C. Find the measure of ∠ A.
112. I have three sides. One of my angle measures 15°. Another has a
measure of 60°. What kind of a polygon am I? If I am a triangle, then
what kind of triangle am I?
113. Jiya walks 6 km due east and then 8 km due north. How far is she
from her starting place?
114. Jayanti takes shortest route to her home by walking diagonally across
a rectangular park. The park measures 60 metres × 80 metres. How
much shorter is the route across the park than the route around its
edges?

Understand the Problem

• If you write a problem in your own words, you may understand

it better. Before writing a problem in your own words, you
may need to read it over several times – perhaps aloud, so
you can hear yourself say the words.
• Once you have written the problem in your own words, you
may want to make sure you included all of the necessary
information to solve the problem.

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115. In ∆PQR of Fig. 6.32, PQ = PR. Find the measures of ∠Q and ∠R.

Fig. 6.32
116. In Fig. 6.33, find the measures of ∠ x and ∠ y.

Fig. 6.33
117. In Fig. 6.34, find the measures of ∠ PON and ∠ NPO.

Fig. 6.34
118. In Fig. 6.35, QP || RT. Find the values of x and y.

Fig. 6.35

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119. Find the measure of ∠ A in Fig. 6.36.

Fig. 6.36
120. In a right-angled triangle if an angle measures 35°, then find the
measure of the third angle.
121. Each of the two equal angles of
an isosceles triangle is four times
the third angle. Find the angles
of the triangle.
122. The angles of a triangle are in the
ratio 2 : 3 : 5. Find the angles.
123. If the sides of a triangle are
produced in an order, show that
the sum of the exterior angles so
formed is 360°.
124. In ∆ABC, if ∠A = ∠C, and exterior
angle ABX = 140°, then find the
angles of the triangle. Fig. 6.37
125. Find the values of x and y in Fig. 6.37.

Plan a Strategy

• Concept maps are visual tools for organising information. A

concept map shows how key concepts are related and can
help you summarise and analyse information in lessons or
chapters.

Create a Concept Map

• Give your concept map a title.
• Identify the main idea of your concept map.
• List the key concepts.
• Link the concepts to show the relationships between the
concepts and the main idea.

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126. Find the value of x in Fig. 6.38.

Fig. 6.38
127. The angles of a triangle are arranged in descending order of their
magnitudes. If the difference between two consecutive angles is 10°,
find the three angles.
128. In ∆ ABC, DE || BC (Fig. 6.39). Find the values of x, y and z.

Fig. 6.39
129. In Fig. 6.40, find the values of x, y and z.

Fig. 6.40
130. If one angle of a triangle is 60° and the other two angles are in the
ratio 1 : 2, find the angles.
131. In ∆PQR, if 3∠P = 4∠Q = 6∠R, calculate the angles of the triangle.
132. In ∆DEF, ∠D = 60°, ∠E = 70° and
the bisectors of ∠E and ∠F meet
at O. Find (i) ∠F (ii) ∠EOF.
133. In Fig. 6.41, ∆PQR is right-angled
at P. U and T are the points on
line QRF. If QP || ST and US || RP,
find ∠S.
Fig. 6.41

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134. In each of the given pairs of triangles of Fig. 6.42, applying only ASA
congruence criterion, determine which triangles are congruent. Also,
write the congruent triangles in symbolic form.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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(e) (f)

Fig. 6.42

135. In each of the given pairs of triangles of Fig. 6.43, using only RHS
congruence criterion, determine which pairs of triangles are
congruent. In case of congruence, write the result in symbolic form:

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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(e) (f)

Fig. 6.43

136. In Fig. 6.44, if RP = RQ, find the value of x.

Fig. 6.44

137. In Fig. 6.45, if ST = SU, then find the values of x and y.

Fig. 6.45

138. Check whether the following measures (in cm) can be the sides of a
right-angled triangle or not.
1.5, 3.6, 3.9
139. Height of a pole is 8 m. Find the length of rope tied with its top from
a point on the ground at a distance of 6 m from its bottom.

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140. In Fig. 6.46, if y is five times x, find the value of z.

Fig. 6.46

141. The lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 9 cm and 20 cm.
What is the perimeter of the triangle? Give reason.
142. Without drawing the triangles write all six pairs of equal measures
in each of the following pairs of congruent triangles.
(a) ∆STU  ∆DEF (b) ∆ABC  ∆LMN
(c) ∆YZX  ∆PQR (d) ∆XYZ  ∆MLN
143. In the following pairs of triangles of Fig. 6.47, the lengths of the
sides are indicated along the sides. By applying SSS congruence
criterion, determine which triangles are congruent. If congruent, write
the results in symbolic form.

(a)

(b)

(c) (d)

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(e) (f)

(g)

(h)

Fig. 6.47

144. ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and D is the mid-point of

base BC (Fig. 6.48).
(a) State three pairs of equal parts in the triangles ABD and ACD.
(b) Is ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD. If so why?

Fig. 6.48

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145. In Fig. 6.49, it is given that LM = ON and NL = MO

(a) State the three pairs of equal parts in the triangles NOM and
MLN.
(b) Is ∆NOM ≅ ∆MLN. Give reason?

Fig. 6.49

146. Triangles DEF and LMN are both isosceles with DE = DF and
LM = LN, respectively. If DE = LM and EF = MN, then, are the two
triangles congruent? Which condition do you use?
If ∠ E = 40°, what is the measure of ∠ N?
147. If ∆PQR and ∆SQR are both isosceles triangle on a common base
QR such that P and S lie on the same side of QR. Are triangles PSQ
and PSR congruent? Which condition do you use?
148. In Fig. 6.50, which pairs of triangles are congruent by SAS
congruence criterion (condition)? If congruent, write the congruence
of the two triangles in symbolic form.

(i)

(ii)

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(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

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(vii) (viii)

Fig. 6.50

149. State which of the following pairs of triangles are congruent. If yes,
write them in symbolic form (you may draw a rough figure).
(a) ∆ PQR : PQ = 3.5 cm, QR = 4.0 cm, ∠ Q = 60°
∆ STU : ST = 3.5 cm, TU = 4 cm, ∠ T = 60°
(b) ∆ABC : AB = 4.8 cm, ∠ A = 90°, AC = 6.8 cm
∆XYZ : YZ = 6.8 cm, ∠ X = 90° , ZX = 4.8 cm

150. In Fig. 6.51, PQ = PS and ∠ 1 = ∠ 2.

(i) Is ∆PQR ≅ ∆PSR? Give reasons.
(ii) Is QR = SR? Give reasons.

151. In Fig. 6.52, DE = IH, EG = FI and

∠ E = ∠ I. Is ∆DEF ≅ ∆HIG? If yes, by
Fig. 6.51
which congruence criterion?

Fig. 6.52

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152. In Fig. 6.53, ∠1 = ∠ 2 and ∠ 3 = ∠ 4.

(i) Is ∆ADC ≅ ∆ ABC? Why ?
(ii) Show that AD = AB and CD = CB.

153. Observe Fig. 6.54 and state the three pairs

of equal parts in triangles ABC and DBC.
(i) Is ∆ABC ≅ ∆DCB? Why?
(ii) Is AB = DC? Why?
(iii) Is AC = DB? Why? Fig. 6.53

Fig. 6.54

154. In Fig. 6.55, QS ⊥ PR, RT ⊥ PQ and QS = RT.

(i) Is ∆ QSR ≅ ∆ RTQ? Give reasons.
(ii) Is ∠ PQR = ∠ PRQ? Give reasons.

Fig. 6.55

155. Points A and B are on the opposite edges of a pond as shown in

Fig. 6.56. To find the distance between the two points, the surveyor
makes a right-angled triangle as shown. Find the distance AB.

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Fig. 6.56

156. Two poles of 10 m and 15 m stand upright on a plane ground. If the

distance between the tops is 13 m, find the distance between their
feet.
157. The foot of a ladder is 6 m away from its wall and its top reaches a
window 8 m above the ground, (a) Find the length of the ladder. (b) If
the ladder is shifted in such a way that its foot is 8 m away from the
wall, to what height does its top reach?
158. In Fig. 6.57, state the three pairs of equal parts in ∆ABC and ∆EOD.
Is ∆ABC ≅ ∆ EOD? Why?

Fig. 6.57

 

1. Draw an equilateral triangle of side 6 cm, an isosceles triangle of

base 3 cm and equal sides 6 cm each and a scalene triangle of
sides 3 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm. Now draw a median and an altitude
in each triangle from the top vertex, measure and tabulate the
lengths of all the medians and altitude’s of respective triangles.
What can you conclude from this activity (This activity can also
be done by paper folding)?

2. Draw two triangles which have a pair of corresponding sides equal

but are not congruent.

3. Draw two triangles which have two pairs of corresponding sides

equal but are not congruent.

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4. Draw two triangles, which have one pair of corresponding angles

equal and one pair of corresponding sides equal but are not
congruent.
5. Draw two triangles which have three pairs of corresponding angles
equal but are not congruent.
Solve the given cross number/word and then fill up the given
boxes in activities 6 and 7. Clues are given below for across as
well as downward fillings. For across and downward clue numbers
are written at the corner of boxes. Answers of clues have to fill up
in their respective boxes.

Cross Number Puzzle 6

Across

(a) If 6, 8, m are the sides of a right triangle, then the value of m is

______.

(b) In ∆ABC, AC is the longest side, then what can be the measure of
angle B (in degree), if the three angles of triangle are 120°, 40°,
20°?

(c) In a right-angled triangle, one acute angle measures twice the other
angle, then the smaller angle shall measure _________.

(d) If three angles in ∆ABC are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5, then measure of

∠B is _____.
(e) Length of third side of a triangle whose two sides are 5 cm and
6 cm, must be less than _______.

(f) The perimeter of ∆ABC in Fig. 6.58 is _________.

Fig. 6.58

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Down
(a) In an isosceles triangle if one of the equal angles measures 35°,
then the third angle is __________.
(b) In Fig. 6.59, the value of x is _________.

Fig. 6.59

(c) The sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is ___________.

(d) In ∆ ABC, ∠B = 80°, ∠ A = 30°, the bisectors of ∠B and ∠C meet
at O. The measure of ∠BOC is ___________.

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Cross Word Puzzle 7

Across
1. A triangle with all its sides unequal.
2. The longest side of a right-angled triangle.
3. Two squares having same side lengths.
4. Line segment drawn from a vertex of a triangle perpendicular to its
opposite side.
Down
5. A type of triangle in which altitude falls outside the triangle.
6. A line segment joining vertex with the mid-point of the opposite side.
7. A regular triangle.
8. In a parallelogram, the line segment that divides it into two congruent
triangles.

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