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    L L - 11 11 Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber

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    Rabindra Singh
    Screens are used to remove large debris from water and wastewater streams in order to protect downstream equipment, with mechanically cleaned bar screens being most common, and screenings must be properly disposed of through methods like burning or burying.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    L L - 11 11 Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber

    Uploaded by

    Rabindra Singh
    45 views30 pages
    Screens are used to remove large debris from water and wastewater streams in order to protect downstream equipment, with mechanically cleaned bar screens being most common, and screenings must be properly disposed of through methods like burning or burying.

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    l 11screenchamber 150311043354 Conversion Gate01

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    Screens are used to remove large debris from water and wastewater streams in order to protect downstream equipment, with mechanically cleaned bar screens being most common, and screenings must be properly disposed of through methods like burning or burying.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views30 pages

    L L - 11 11 Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber Screen Chamber

    Uploaded by

    Rabindra Singh
    Screens are used to remove large debris from water and wastewater streams in order to protect downstream equipment, with mechanically cleaned bar screens being most common, and screenings must be properly disposed of through methods like burning or burying.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    L-11

    Screen Chamber
    Environmental Engineering-II
    Unit-II
    Screening,
    Definition:
    • Screening is a unit operation that
    separates large floating materials in
    and/or on water (found in different
    sizes) from water and from entering
    water treatment/ Wastewater
    treatment facilities and mains.
    • The unit involved is called a screen.
    Objective of providing screens
    • Screens are provided to protect:
    i. Pumps
    ii. Valves
    iii.Pipe line and other appurtenances
    from damage or clogging by rags
    and other large objects
    Bar Screen
    Vendor--Provided Equipment
    Vendor

    • Purpose: to remove large objects (sticks,


    cans, etc) which may cause flow
    obstructions.
    • Depending on the size of the plant, bar
    screens are either hand or mechanically
    cleaned.
    • Hand cleaned: used primarily at small
    plants.
    Bar Screen
    Mechanically Cleaned
    • More frequently used because labor and
    overflowing are greatly reduced.
    • A by-pass channel with a hand cleaned bar
    screen must also be provided. A second
    mechanically cleaned bar screen can also be
    provided.
    • The purpose of the by-pass channel is to
    provide treatment in case of a mechanical
    failure.
    • Screens are either front or back cleaned.
    Bar Screen

    13
    Classification of Screens
    Point of Coarse Medium Fine
    Comparison screen screen screen

    Angle of @ 450 300 to 600 300 to


    Inclination 600

    Openings 50 mm 6-40 mm 1.5 to 3


    or more mm
    Cleaning Mechanically or
    manually cleaned
    Disposal of By Burial or dumping or
    screenings incineration
    Screenings 6 lit of 30 to 90 lit 20% of
    collection solids/ solids/mLd SS from
    mLd sewage

    Frequency less moderate Often or


    of clogging more
    Velocity
    • The velocity of flow ahead of and through
    the screen varies and affects its operation.
    • The lower the velocity through the screen,
    the greater is the amount of screenings
    that would be removed from sewage.
    • However, the lower the velocity, the
    greater would be the amount of solids
    deposited in the channel.
    • Hence, the design velocity should be such
    as to permit 100% removal of material of
    certain size without undue depositions.
    • Velocities of 0.6 to 1.2 m/s through the
    open area for the peak flows have been
    used satisfactorily.
    • Further, the velocity at low flows in the
    approach channel should not be less than
    0.3 m/s to avoid deposition of solids.
    Head loss
    • Head loss varies with the quantity and
    nature of screenings allowed to
    accumulate between cleanings.
    • The head loss created by a clean screen
    may be calculated by considering the flow
    and the effective areas of screen
    openings, the latter being the sum of the
    vertical projections of the openings.
    • The head loss through clean flat bar
    screens is calculated from the following
    formula:
    • h = 0.0729 (V 2 - 2
    v)
    • where, h = head loss in m
    • V = velocity through the screen in m/s
    • v = velocity before the screen in m/s
    • Another formula often used to
    determine the head loss
    through a bar rack is
    Kirschmer's equation:
    4/3
    • h =β(W/b) hv sin θ
    • where h = head loss,m
    • β = bar shape factor (2.42 for sharp edge
    rectangular bar, 1.83 for rectangular bar with
    semicircle upstream, 1.79 for circular bar and
    1.67 for rectangular bar with both u/s and d/s
    face as semicircular).
    • W = maximum width of bar u/s of flow, m
    • b = minimum clear spacing between bars, m
    • hv = velocity head of flow approaching rack,
    m = V2/2g
    • θ = angle of inclination of rack with horizontal
    Number of bars in screen
    chamber
    [clear spacing x (n+1)] +[size of bar x n]
    =B
    Where,
    N= number of bars
    B= width of screen chamber or channel
    Clear spacing and size of bars is expressed in
    m
    Other formulae used
    • Gross area
    Ag= Anet x (c/c spacing/ clear
    spacing)
    • Velocity of flow above screen
    v = Velocity through the screen
    (V) x (clear spacing/c/c spacing)
    Disposal of Screenings
    • Screenings is the waste materials collected
    from screens. Screenings should be properly
    disposed.
    • Various methods of screening disposal were
    used such as:
    - burning,
    - burying,
    - digestion,
    - dumping into large bodies of water,
    - and shredding and returning it to
    wastewater collection or treatment
    system.
    • Inland burying is efficient in small
    treatment plants, while burning is best
    for medium and large treatment plants.
    • Other methods cause problems and
    may need subsequent treatment.
    • Digestion is used for large systems and
    in combination with the treatment of
    the organic portion of municipal solid
    waste.
    A Must Visit Site
    • http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/m
    odule21/title.htm
    Video: Mechanical bar screen
    Objective Questions
    1. Screens can not remove
    ___________.(Paper/plastic/tree leaves/silt)
    2. Design of screens mainly depends upon
    _________.
    3. Suggest suitable type of screen for 80-100 mm
    sized floating particles. __________________
    Theory Questions
    Q1. Draw a general flow sheet of Domestic
    Wastewater treatment plant and write
    function of each and every unit.
    Q2. Write short note on
    i. Types of screen
    ii. Design of screen chamber
    iii.Disposal of screenings
    Q3. Draw a neat sketch of screen chamber.

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