Lecture Note No. 4

Historical, Scientific, Dialectic, or Socratic
Objectives Method
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Both the Socratic method and the dialectic method are
based on a discussion between two or more people who
 define and explain the historical method of have differing views, but wish to pursue the truth by
philosophizing, seeking agreement with one another. The scientific
 compare the Socratic method, dialectic method is a process of determining truth or knowledge
method, scientific method, and historical through experimentation, inductive and deductive
method as methods of philosophizing, reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing. Meanwhile,
 distinguish an opinion from truth by analyzing the historical method deals with examining the past to
the given situations, and come up with present facts or truths.
 justify the validity of the statement “The
historical method leads to wisdom and truth.” Study the table below.
If you answered “history book” in the previous question,

you are correct. Now, if you were to read that particular
history book to know how the Philippines ended up with
such a unique culture, then you just applied the
historical approach in your activity. Historical evidences
are derived from records of the past.
The Historical Method

 The term "history" is from the Greek
word iotopia which means “to investigate" or
"to find out.”
 The historical method is the process of
gathering evidences, examining them, and
formulating ideas about the past to come up Opinion and Truth
with present truths.
 In this approach, it is believed that history has It is important to distinguish opinion from truth when
a “divine order” or a large “cyclical or using the historical method.
progressive” pattern that enables events to
repeat themselves and record information Remember:
through historical accounts or archaeological
findings.  An opinion is a personal view formed about a
 The process of learning the truth is simply particular matter, such as your preference for
through looking at past records to validate the Japanese cuisine.
present hypothesis.  Truth, on the other hand, is something that
 If viewed in a more general perspective, the has actual and proven existence regardless of
historical approach would include only a one’s opinion, such as the fact that the
historical account to differentiate truth from Philippines is made up of more than 7,100
opinion. islands.
 History is seen as more important than logic
and a more valid source of the truth. Try to analyze the given situations. Distinguish the
 Using the historical approach is much like opinion from the truth.
researching for an answer to a particular
question. Reviewing what has been done in
the past is the primary method of looking at a
solution for a problem at present.
Examples:
 You are going to Baguio for the first time with

your family. You have the option to use one of
two routes. You look for reviews published in
the internet to determine which of the two
routes is better.
 An entrepreneur wants to open a café in a
middle class residential area in the city. Before
buying the property, she looked first at
previous business ventures that were
established within the area to determine the
feasibility of her plan. Situation A reveals the truth because this account is
derived from historical evidence.
Situation B expresses an opinion because it is a

personal view.
The Historical Method Leads to Wisdom and
Truth
Because history is repetitive, it is believed that the things
that are occurring at present already happened in the
past. Following this logic, the historical method serves
the purpose of digging into historical data and analyzing
together the findings to come up with a conclusion. The
use of the method, therefore, leads to knowledge that is
true and evidence-based.
History is repetitive. Only technology and political

systems change. Everything revolves around war for
conquest, whatever the specific reasons. Greed is the
brace no matter what the system may be.

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Historical, Scientific, Dialectic, or Socratic

If you answered “history book” in the previous question,

The Historical Method

 You are going to Baguio for the first time with

Situation B expresses an opinion because it is a

History is repetitive. Only technology and political

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