VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, HYDERABAD

M.TECH. I YEAR COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

(POWER SYSTEMS)

II SEMESTER R18
Course Course
Name of the Course L T P Credits
Type Code
Professional
18PC1PS04 Digital Protection of Power System 3 0 0 3
Core-IV
Professional
Core-V 18PC1PS05 Power Quality 3 0 0 3

Professional
Core-VI 18PC1PS06 Flexible AC Transmission Systems 3 0 0 3

18PE1PS05 Voltage Stability

Professional
18PE1PS06 Power System Reliability 3 0 0 3
Elective-III

18PE1PL05 Electric Hybrid Vehicle

18PE1PS07 EHV AC Transmission

Professional
18PE1PS08 Smart Grids 3 0 0 3
Elective-IV

18PC1PL06 Advanced Control Systems

Professional
18PC2PS03 FACTS Laboratory 0 0 3 1.5
Core Lab-III
Professional
18PC2PS04 Power System Dynamics Laboratory 0 0 3 1.5
Core Lab-IV

Project 18PW4PS02 Mini-Project 0 0 4 2

Audit 18AU5EN01 English for Academic and Research Writing 2 0 0 0

Total 17 0 10 20

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PC1PS04) DIGITAL PROTECTION OF POWER SYSTEM

PRE-REQUISITES: Power System Protection, Switch Gear Protection

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To study numerical relays
 To develop mathematical approach towards protection
 To study algorithms for numerical protection

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Learn the importance of Digital Relays
CO-2: Apply Mathematical approach towards protection
CO-3: Learn to develop various Protection algorithms

UNIT-I:
Basic Elements of Digital Protection: Introduction, Basic components of digital Protection: Signal
conditioning sub system: transducers, surge protection, analog filtering, analog multiplexers,
Conversion subsystem: the sampling theorem, signal aliasing error, sample and hold circuits,
Digital multiplexing, Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital conversions, Digital relay sub system,
Digital relay as a unit, Performance and characteristics of digital protection.

UNIT-II:
Mathematical Background to Protection Algorithms: Finite difference techniques, Interpolation
Formulae-Forward Interpolation, Backward Interpolation, Central difference interpolation
Numerical differentiation, Curve fitting and smoothing-Least square method, smoothing Fourier
analysis-Fourier series, Fourier Transform, Walsh function analysis, Relation between Fourier and
Walsh Co-effecients

UNIT-III:
Sinusoidal, Fourier Analysis and Walsh Function-Based Algorithms: Sinusoidal wave: Derivative
methods-sample and first, First and second, Sample Techniques-Two sample, Three sample
Fourier analysis: full cycle window, fractional cycle window, Fourier Transform based algorithm,
Walsh function: Basic Principle, Development of basic algorithm, Algorithm for walsh function
determination, Estimation of amplitude and phase angle of fundamental components,
Determination of walsh coefficients for pure sinusoidal waves.

UNIT-IV:
Least Squares, Differential Equation Based Techniques: Least Squares:-Integral LSQ Fit, Power
series LSQ Fit, Multi variable series LSQ Technique, Determination of measured impedance
estimates
Differential equation: Representation of transmission lines with capacitance neglected,
Differential equation protection with selected limits, Simultaneous differential equation
techniques.

UNIT-V:
Travelling Wave Based Protection and Schemes: Travelling wave-based protection: Transmission
line as a distributed component, super imposed quantities and their properties, Bergeron‟s
equations, discriminate functions
Travelling wave-based protection Schemes: Bergeron‟s equation based, Ultra high speed
polarity comparison, Ultra high speed wave differential, discriminate function based, Super
imposed component trajectory based.

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UNIT-VI:
Digital Differential Protection and Schemes: Digital Differential Protection of Power Transformer:
Principles of transformer protection, FIR filter- based algorithms, Least squares curve fitting based
algorithms, Fourier based algorithm, Flux restrained current differential relay, Basic hard ware of
microprocessor-based transformer protection,
Digital line differential Protection: current based differential schemes, composite voltage and
current based protection scheme, Recent Advances in Digital Protection of Power Systems

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A. T. Johns and S. K. Salman, “Digital Protection of Power Systems”, IEEE Press,1999
2. A. G. Phadke and J. S. Thorp, “Computer Relaying for Power Systems”, Wiley/Research
Studies Press, 2009

REFERENCES:
1. S. R. Bhide “Digital Power System Protection” PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2014
2. Gerhard Zeigler, “Numerical Distance Protection”, Siemens Publicis Corporate Publishing,
2006

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PC1PS05) POWER QUALITY

PRE-REQUISITES: Analysis of Power Electronic Converters, Power Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To get the knowledge on power quality problems and standards
 To get awareness on devices introducing harmonics and mitigation methods
 To describe modeling of components in industrial power systems
 To get the concept of grounding & wiring problems

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO-1: Acquire knowledge on power quality issues and standards
CO-2: Model and analyze the harmonic introducing devices and effects on system equipment
and loads
CO-3: Analyze the control techniques to APFC based on static VAR compensators
CO-4: Analyze the series and shunt active power filtering techniques for harmonics and effects
of grounding

UNIT-I:
Power Quality and EMC Standards: Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problems, overview of
power quality phenomena-classification of power quality Issues- Power quality measures and
Standards-THD-TIF-DIN-C-message weights-flicker factor-transient phenomena, Power
acceptability curves-IEEE guides, EMC standards and recommended practices.

UNIT-II:
Harmonics: Harmonics-individual and total harmonic distortion- RMS value of a harmonic
waveform- triplex harmonics- important harmonic introducing devices-SMPS-Three phase power
converters-arcing devices-saturable devices-harmonic distortion of fluorescent lamps-effect of
power system harmonics on power system equipment and loads.

UNIT-III:
Harmonic Mitigation: Power factor improvement-Passive compensation, Passive Filtering,
Harmonic Resonance, Impedance Scan Analysis-Active Power Factor Corrected Single Phase
Front End, Control Methods for Single Phase APFC, Three Phase APFC and Control Techniques,
PFC Based on Bilateral Single Phase and Three Phase Converter.

UNIT-IV:
PQ In Industrial Power Systems: Modeling of networks and components under non-sinusoidal
conditions-transmission and distribution systems- shunt capacitors- transformers-electric
machines-ground systems-loads that cause power quality problems- Power quality problems
created by drives and its impact on drives.

UNIT-V:
Static VAR Compensators: Active Harmonic Filtering- Shunt Injection Filter for single phase, three-
phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire systems. d-q domain control of three phase shunt
active filters uninterruptible power supplies- constant voltage transformers- series active power
filtering techniques for harmonic cancellation and isolation.

UNIT-VI:
DVR and Grounding: Dynamic Voltage Restorers for sag, swell and flicker problems, Grounding
and wiring-introduction-NEC grounding requirements-reasons for grounding- typical grounding

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and wiring problems-solutions to grounding and wiring problems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. G. T. Heydt, “Electric power quality”, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007
2. Math H. Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems”, IEEE Press, 2000
3. J. Arrillaga, B.C. Smith, N.R. Watson & A. R. Wood, ”Power system Harmonic Analysis”,
Wiley, 1997.

REFERENCES:
1. Surya Santoso et al., “Electrical Power System Quality”, McGraw Hills, 2002
2. J. Arrillaga, “Power System Quality Assessment”, John Wiley, 2000
3. Math H.J. Bollen, Irene Y.H. Gu, “Signal Processing of Power Quality Disturbances”
IEEE Press, Wiley & Sons Inc., Publication.
4. R. Sastry Vedam, Mulukutla S. Sarma, “Power Quality VAR Compensation in Power
Systems”, CRC Press.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PC1PS06) FLEXIBLE ACTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

PRE-REQUISITES: Power Electronics, Power Systems, Reactive Power Control

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To learn the active and reactive power flow control in power system
 To understand the need for static compensators
 To develop the different control strategies used for compensation
 To understand the need of custom power devices and applications

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Acquire knowledge of reactive power control in power systems
CO-2: Compensation schemes at Transmission and distribution level in power systems
CO-3: Learn various static VAR controllers working and applications
CO-4: Understand the modeling and control of static VAR controllers
CO-5: Understand the working and applications of custom power devices

UNIT-I:
Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Transmission inter connections, power and Reactive power
flow control in AC transmission system, loading capability limits, constraints of maximum
transmission loading and dynamic stability considerations. Uncompensated and compensated
lines, relative importance of controllable parameters. Classification of FACTS controller based on
type of connection, relative importance of different types of controllers and benefits of FACTS
technology.

UNIT-II:
Objectives of Static Compensation: Objectives of Shunt compensation – midpoint voltage
regulation, voltage instability precaution – importance of Transient Stability – Power Oscillation
damping. Objectives of series compensation – Improvement of Transient Stability and Voltage
Stability – Power Oscillation Damping – Methods of controllable var generation – variable
impedance type static var generations, switching converter type var generations and hybrid var
generations.

UNIT-III:
SVC and STATCOM: Static versus passive VAR compensator, Static shunt compensators: SVC and
STATCOM - Operation and control of TCR, TSC, FC-TCR and TSC-TCR type SVCs and STATCOM -
Compensator control. Comparison between SVC and STATCOM.

UNIT-IV:
Static Series Compensators: Variable impendence type FACTS controllers - GCSC, TSSC and
TCSC and their control schemes. Switching converter type FACTS controllers: SSSC and its control.
Static voltage and phase angle regulators – TCVR and TCPAR Operation and Control –
Applications.

UNIT-V:
UPFC and IPFC: Unified Power Flow Controller: Circuit Arrangement, Operation and control of
UPFC.
Basic Principle of P and Q control- Independent real and reactive power flow control-
Applications. Introduction to interline power flow controller: basic operation and characteristics.

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UNIT-VI:
Modelling and Control of Facts Controllers: Modeling and analysis of FACTS Controllers –Internal
control schemes of STATCOM-indirect output voltage control and direct output voltage control.
Transfer function and dynamic response of STATCOM. Implementation of regulation slope for
Static Var Generators(SVG‟s) – Control circuits implementations for Transient stability, power
oscillation damping and VAR reserve control for SVG. Approximate models of SVC and
STATCOM for power system study.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. N. G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC
Transmission Systems”, IEEE Press Book, Standard Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 2001.
2. K. R. Padiyar, “FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution”, New Age
International Publishers, 2007

REFERENCES:
1. X. P. Zhang, C Rehtanz, B Pal, “Flexible AC Transmission Systems- Modeling and Control”,
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2006.
2. T. J. E. Miller, “Static Reactive Power Compensation”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982.
3. K. S. Suresh Kumar, S. Ashok, “FACTS Controllers & Applications”, E-book edition, Nalanda
Digital Library, NIT Calicut, 2003.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PE1PS05) VOLTAGE STABILITY

PRE-REQUISITES: Power System Analysis, Power System Operation

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To analyze the concepts of Power System Stability, Security and Assessment methods
 To understand the Reactive Power Control in Generation/Transmission Interconnected
Networks
 To assess the methods for Voltage Stability Indices(L,VCPI) and Graphical Methods P-V Q-V
Curves-Analysis
 To improve the controlling and compensation methods of voltage stability

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Understand the significance of Q-control, PS load model, angle stability and voltage
stability
CO-2: Analyze the graphical methods of evaluating voltage stability
CO-3: Analyze voltage stability indices (L-Index and VCPI)
CO-4: Understand the preventive methods of voltage collapse

UNIT–I:
Reactive Power Control: Concepts of power in A.C transmission systems, reactive loss
characteristics, operation of transmission lines under NL and heavy load conditions. Voltage
regulation relations with reactive power line – line loadability – governing effects on reactive
power flow – system MVAr mismatch – constraints effects and practical aspects of reactive
power flow problem.

UNIT–II:
Introduction to Voltage Stability: Definitions: Voltage Stability, Voltage Collapse, Voltage
Security; Classification of Voltage Stability, different expressions and scenarios between reactive
power and system stability.; Factors affecting Voltage collapse and instability; Previous cases of
voltage collapse incidences.

UNIT–III:
Graphical Analysis of Voltage Stability: Comparison of Voltage and angular stability of the
system; Graphical Methods describing voltage collapse phenomenon: P-V and Q-V curves;
detailed description of voltage collapse phenomenon with the help of Q-V curves.

UNIT–IV:
Analysis of Voltage Stability: Analysis of voltage stability on SMLB system: Analytical treatment
and analysis.
Voltage Stability Indices: L-Index and its expression, Voltage collapse proximity indicator -
Determinant of Jacobin as proximity indicators- Voltage stability margin.

UNIT–V:
Power System Loads: Loads that influences voltage stability: Discharge lights, Induction Motor,
Air-conditioning, heat pumps, electronic power supplies, OH lines and cables.
Reactive Power Compensation: Generation and Absorption of reactive power- Series and Shunt
compensation- Synchronous condensers- SVCs- OLTCs - Booster Transformers.

UNIT–VI:
Voltage Stability Margin: Stability Margin: Compensated and un-compensated systems.
Voltage Security: Definition; Voltage security; Online monitoring of Voltage Stability; Methods to

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improve voltage stability and its practical aspects.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Power System Voltage Stability”- C.W. Taylor, McGraw Hill, 1994.
2. “Performance, operation and control of EHV power transmission system”- A. Chakrabarthy,
D. P. Kotari and A. K. Mukopadyay, A.H. Wheeler Publishing, I Edition, 1995.

REFERENCES:
1. “Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control” – K.R.PADIYAR, II Edition, B.S. Publications.
2. “Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems”-Thierry Van Cutsem, Costas Varnas, Springer-
Verlag New York Inc.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PE1PS06) POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

PRE-REQUISITES: Mathematics, Power Systems-II, Distribution Systems, Power System Protection

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To identify the generation system model and recursive relation for capacitive model
building
 To calculate the equivalent transitional rates, cumulative probability and cumulative
frequency
 To classify the risk, system and load point reliability indices
 To evaluate the basic reliability indices

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Find loss of load and energy indices for generation systems model
CO-2: Describe merging of generation and load models
CO-3: Evaluate operating reserve, system and load point reliability indices
CO-4: Apply various indices for distribution systems

UNIT-I:
Generating System Reliability Analysis – I: Generation system model – capacity outage
probability tables – Recursive relation for capacitive model building – sequential addition
method – unit removal – Evaluation of loss of load and energy indices – Examples.

UNIT-II:
Generating System Reliability Analysis – II: Frequency of encountering a state – Evaluation of
equivalent transitional rates, cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of identical
generating units using two component repairable model – 2- level daily load representation -
merging of generation and load models – Examples.

UNIT-III:
Operating Reserve Evaluation: Basic concepts - risk indices – PJM methods –– Modeling of rapid
start and hot reserve units using STPM approach - security function approach.
Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation: Basic configuration – conditional probability approach
– system and load point reliability indices – weather effects on transmission lines – Weighted
average rate and Markov model – Common Mode Failures in two component repairable
System

UNIT-IV:
Inter Connected System Reliability Analysis: Probability array methods in two inter connected
systems -Factors affecting the emergency assistance through the interconnections- Reliability
evaluation in three interconnected systems.

UNIT-V:
Distribution System Reliability Analysis – I (Radial Configuration): Basic evaluation Techniques of
Radial networks – Evaluation of Basic reliability indices and additional interruption indices–
Examples.

UNIT-VI:
Distribution System Reliability Analysis - II (Parallel Configuration): Basic evaluation techniques –
inclusion of bus bar failures, scheduled maintenance – temporary and transient failures –
weather effects - inclusion of breaker failures.

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Substations and Switching Stations: Effects of short-circuits and breaker operation – Open and
Short-circuit failures – Active and Passive failures

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems by R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, BS Publications, 2007.
2. Reliability Modeling in Electric Power Systems by J. Endrenyi, John Wiley and Sons, 1978

REFERENCES:
1. Reliability Engineering: Theory and Practice by Alessandro Birolini, Springer Publications.
2. V. Sankar, System reliability concepts, Himalaya Publishing house, 2015.
3. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering by Charles Ebeling, TMH
Publications.
4. Reliability Engineering by E. Balaguruswamy, TMH Publications.
5. Reliability Engineering by Elsayed A. Elsayed, Prentice Hall Publications.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PE1PL05) ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE

PRE-REQUISITES: Electrical Machines

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To study the different drive train configurations of electric vehicles
 To propose the various propulsion and energy storage systems for EHVs
 To know the sizing of propulsion motors and other systems involved in EH vehicles
 To carry out different design case studies of EHV and BEVs

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO-1: Assess the performance, societal and environmental impact of EHVs having known their
past history
CO-2: Implement various drive train topologies and control strategies in Electric and Hybrid
vehicles
CO-3: Recommend, Design/Size and Control different electric propulsion units and other
components of EHVs and BEVs
CO-4: Appropriately select the energy storage system and strategize its management in EHVs

UNITS-I:
Introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles: History of hybrid and electric vehicles, social and
environmental importance of hybrid and electric vehicles, impact of modern drive-trains on
energy supplies. Conventional Vehicles: Basics of vehicle performance, vehicle power source
characterization, transmission characteristics, mathematical models to describe vehicle
performance.

UNIT-II:
Hybrid Electric Drive-trains: Basic architecture and concept of hybrid traction, introduction to
various hybrid drive-train topologies, power flow control in hybrid drive-train topologies, fuel
efficiency analysis.

UNIT-III:
Electric Drive-trains: Basic concept of electric traction, introduction to various electric drive-train
topologies, power flow control in electric drive-train topologies, fuel efficiency analysis.

UNIT-IV:
Electric Propulsion Unit: Introduction to electric components used in hybrid and electric vehicles,
Configuration and control of DC Motor drives, Configuration and control of Induction Motor
drives, configuration and control of Permanent Magnet Motor drives, Configuration and control
of Switch Reluctance Motor drives, drive system efficiency.

UNIT-V:
Sizing the Drive System: Matching the electric machine and the internal combustion engine
(ICE), Sizing the propulsion motor, Sizing the power electronics based on Switch Technology -
Switching Frequency and Ripple capacitor design, selecting the energy storage technology,
Communications, supporting subsystems

UNIT-VI:
Energy Storage and Energy Management Strategies: Energy Storage Requirements in Hybrid and
Electric Vehicles, batteries, Fuel cell and super conductor and Flywheel based Energy storage

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Introduction to energy management strategies used in hybrid and electric vehicles,
classification of different energy management strategies, comparison of different energy
management strategies, implementation issues of energy management strategies. Case Studies
of design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Iqbal Hussein, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, CRC Press, 2010.
2. Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimi Gao, Sebastian E. Gay, Ali Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory and Design, CRC Press, 2009.
3. James Larminie, John Lowry, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Wiley, 2003.

REFERENCES:
1. Jefferson, C.M., Barnard and R.H., Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion, WIT Press, Boston, 2002
2. Jack Erjavec and Jeff Arias, “Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles”, Cengage Learning,
2012
3. Seref Soylu “Electric Vehicles - The Benefits and Barriers”, InTech Publishers, Croatia, 2011
4. Jack Erjavec and Jeff Arias, “Alternative Fuel Technology – Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell
Vehicles”, Cengage Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2007
5. Seth Leitman, “Build Your Own Electric Vehicle” MC Graw Hill, NewYork, USA 2013

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PE1PS07) EHV AC TRANSMISSION

PRE-REQUISITES: High Voltage Engineering, Transmission Line Theory

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To identify the different aspects of Extra High Voltage A.C and D.C Transmission design and
analysis
 To understand the importance of modern developments of E.H.V and U.H.V transmission
systems
 To demonstrate EHV ac transmission system components, protection and insulation level for
over voltages

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: List the necessity of EHV AC transmission, choice of voltage for transmission, line losses and
power handling capability
CO-2: Estimate the Statistical procedures for line designs, scientific and engineering principles in
power systems
CO-3: Construct commercial transmission system

UNIT-I:
Modeling of EHV Lines: E.H.V.A.C. Transmission line trends and preliminary aspect standard
transmission voltages – Estimation at line and ground parameters-Bundle conductor systems-
Inductance and Capacitance of E.H.V. lines – positive, negative and zero sequence
impedance – Line Parameters for Modes of Propagation.

UNIT-II:
Electrostatic Field and Voltage Gradients Estimation: Electrostatic field– calculations of
electrostatic field of AC lines – 3 phase single circuit, double circuit lines and 6 phase AC lines -
effect of high electrostatic field on biological organisms and human beings.
Voltage Gradients: surface voltage gradients and maximum gradients of actual transmission
lines – voltage gradients on sub conductor.

UNIT- III:
Power Frequency Voltage Control: Calculation of Electrostatic induction in un-energized D/C
lines – measurement of field for three phase double circuit un-energized lines. Power Frequency
Voltage control and over-voltages in EHV lines: No load voltage condition and charging current
– cascade connection of components - shunt and series compensation – static VAR
compensation.

UNIT-IV:
Corona: Corona in E.H.V. lines – Corona loss formulae- attention of traveling waves due to
Corona – Audio noise due to Corona, its generation, characteristic and limits.

UNIT-V:
Electro Magnetic Interference: Measurements of audio noise radio interference due to Corona -
properties of radio noise – frequency spectrum of RI fields – Measurements of RI and RIV.

UNIT-VI:
Design Aspects of EHV Lines: Design of EHV lines based on steady state and transient limits - EHV
cables and their characteristics

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. R. D. Begamudre, “EHVAC Transmission Engineering”, New Age International (p) Ltd. 3 rd
Edition.
2. K.R. Padiyar, “HVDC Power Transmission Systems” New Age International (p) Ltd. 2 nd revised
Edition, 2012.

REFERENCES:
1. S. Rao, “EHVAC and HVDC Transmission Engg. Practice”, Khanna Publishers.
2. Arrillaga J. “High Voltage Direct Current Transmission” 2 nd Edition (London) Peter Peregrines,
IEE, 1998.
3. Padiyar K.R., “FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution” New Age Int.
Publishers, 2007.
4. Hingorani H. G. and Gyugyi L. “Understanding FACTS-Concepts and Technology of Flexible
AC Transmission Systems” New York, IEEE Press, 2000.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PE1PS08) SMART GRIDS

PRE-REQUISITES: Electrical Distribution Systems, Power Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To understand concept of smart grid and its advantages over conventional grid
 To know smart metering techniques
 To learn wide area measurement techniques
 To understand the problems associated with integration of distributed generation & it‟s
solution through smart grid

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Appreciate the difference between smart grid & conventional grid
CO-2: Apply smart metering concepts to industrial and commercial installations
CO-3: Formulate solutions in the areas of smart substations, distributed generation and wide area
measurements
CO-4: Come up with smart grid solutions using modern communication technologies

UNIT-I:
Introduction To Smart Grid: Introduction, Evolution of Electric Grid, Smart Grid Concept, Need of
Smart Grid, Features-Characteristics- Key Drivers of the Smart Grid, Functions of Smart
Grid, Opportunities of Smart Grid, Challenges in Implementation of Smart Grid, Technical
Challenges for Development of Smart Grid in India, Smart Grid Benefits, Scope of Smart
Grid, Difference between Conventional and Smart Grid, Concept of Resilient, Resilience of
Smart Grid Functions, Self-Healing Grid, Smart Grid Implementation, Present Development and
International policies in Smart Grid

UNIT-II:
Smart Grid Technologies: Introduction, Smart Substation-Technology-Drivers, Classifications of
Substations, Elements of Substation, Objectives of Smart Substation, Functions of Smart
Substation, Sub-Station Automation: Key Drivers - Benefits – Functions. Feeder Automation,
Applications of Feeder Automation, Energy Management System (EMS), System Design,
Mechanism of Smart Energy System Outage Management, Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(PHEV)- Vehicle to grid.

UNIT-III:
Phasor Measurement Unit: Concept of Phasor Measurement Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)-
Features -Fundamentals, The Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Systems, Synchrophasor Definition
and Measurements, Applications of PMUs in Power Systems, Outlook of PMUs, Main strategy of
PMU placement Based on Power Systems Intrinsic Characteristics, The Comparisons between
SCADA system and PMUs System, Intelligent Electronic Devices-Functions-Advantages, , Wide
Area Monitoring, Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) System

UNIT-IV:
Micro-Grid: Concept of Micro grid, need & applications of Micro grid, Formation of micro grid,
Inter connection, protection and control of micro grid, Plastic & Organic Solar cells, Thin film solar
cells, Variable speed Wind generators, Fuel cells, micro turbines, Captive power plants,
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources, Smart Storages, Battery, SMES, Pumped hydro,
Compressed air storage.

16
UNIT-V:
Power Quality in Smart Grid: Introduction, Power Quality, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC),
Relation Between Voltage Quality and EMC, Field Experiences with Smart Grid Technology,
Voltage Quality Planning Levels, Power Quality Standard, Power Quality Issues of Grid
Connected Renewable Energy Sources, Causes Of Low Power Quality, Issues ,Challenges and
Solutions of RES-Grid Integration, , Power Quality Conditioner (PQC)- Principle – Control Circuit-
Series Compensation Control Circuit, Power Quality Monitoring- Considerations, Permanent
Power Quality Monitoring Equipment.

UNIT-VI:
Smart Meters and Advanced Metering: Introduction, Smart Meter, The Smart Grid and Smart
Meter Systems, Smart Meter-Technologies-Benefits, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)-
Technologies-Protocols- Benefits-Standards-Initiatives- Developments
Local Area Network (LAN)-Objectives-Technologies, Home Area Network (HAN)-Components-
Technologies, Wide Area Network (WAN), Types of Connection in WAN, WAN Devices,
Broadband Over Power Lines (BPL)-Features-Working, IP based Protocol, Need of Internet
Protocol, Goals of IP, IP Based Networks, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security for Smart Grid, Need
of Secure Smart Grid, Objectives and Requirements of Cyber Security, Network Security Threats
in the Smart Grid

TEXT BOOKS:
1. James Momoh, “Smart Grid Fundamentals of Design and Analysis”, First Edition.
2. S. K. Salman, “Introduction to the Smart Grid Concepts, Technologies and Evolution”, IET
Library, 2017

REFERENCES:
1. Harsh Tanwar, Bhavishya Mittal, Bhawana Chouhan “Smart Grid Technology”, Genius
Publications
2. “Smart-Grid-Handbook: For Regulators & Policy Makers”, Indian Smart Grid Forum, 2017

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

3 0 3

(18PC1PL06) ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS

PRE-REQUISITES: Control Systems, Linear Control Systems, Digital Control Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To cater the knowledge of basic and modern control system for the real time analysis and
design of control systems
 To provide adequate knowledge of nonlinear systems
 To analyze the concept of stability of nonlinear systems and categorization
 To provide comprehensive knowledge of optimal control and modern control

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Apply the knowledge of basic and modern control system for the real time analysis and
design of control systems
CO-2: Understand the concepts of state variables analysis
CO-3: Analyze the concept of stability of nonlinear systems and optimal control
CO-4: Analyze the concepts of optimal control and modern control

UNIT-I:
State Space Representation: State Space Representation of physical systems, Transfer function to
state space representation, Phase variable form, Canonical Forms – Controllable Canonical
Form, Observable Canonical Form, Jordan Canonical Form, State space to Transfer function-
State diagram Representation

UNIT-II:
State Transition Matrix, Controllability and Observability: Solution of State Equation, State
Transition Matrix; Tests for controllability and observability for continuous time systems – Time
varying case, time invariant case, Principle of Duality,

UNIT-III:
Nonlinear Systems & Phase-Plane Analysis: Introduction to nonlinear systems, Properties of
nonlinear systems, Types of nonlinearities, Introduction to phase-plane analysis, Isocline Method,
singular points- Stable, Unstable Nodes, Saddle Point

UNIT-IV:
Stability Analysis: Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, Lyapunov„s stability and Lypanov„s instability
theorems. Direct method of Lypanov for the Linear and Nonlinear continuous time autonomous
systems, Variable gradient method

UNIT-V:
Modal Control & Calculus of Variations: Effect of state feedback on controllability and
observability, Design of State Feedback Control through Pole placement. Full order observer and
reduced order observer.
Minimization of functional of single function, Constrained minimization - Minimum principle.
Control variable inequality constraints. Control and state variable inequality constraints. Euler
Lagrange Equation.

UNIT-VI:
Optimal Control: Formulation of optimal control problem, Minimum time, Minimum energy -
minimum fuel problems. State regulator problem - Output regulator problem - Tracking problem,
Continuous - Time Linear Regulators.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Control System Theory – by M. Gopal, New Age International Publishers, 2nd edition,
1996
2. Advanced control systems by A. Nagoor Khani, 2 nd edition, RBA publications 2014.

REFERENCES:
1. Modern Control Engineering – by K. Ogata, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd edition, 1998
2. Control Systems Engineering by I.J. Nagarath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P) Ltd.
3. Digital Control and State Variable Methods – by M. Gopal, Tata McGraw-Hill Companies,
1997.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

0 3 1.5

(18PC2PS03) FACTS LABORATORY

PRE-REQUISITES: Power Electronics and Flexible AC Transmission Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To study different types of compensators
 To develop various models of compensators
 To apply Power electronics to various systems

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Analyze various types of variable Impedance type FACTS Controllers
CO-2: Analyze converter based FACTS Controllers
CO-3: Modelling and simulation of transmission lines and Controllers
CO-4: Transient stability and voltage stability Improvement of Power Systems using FACTS
controllers

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Modeling and simulation of medium and long transmission lines.

2. Study and simulation of Thyristor Controlled Reactor with its waveform.
3. Modeling and simulation of FC-TCR type SVC.
4. Modeling and simulation of TSC-TCR type SVC.
5. Simulation of PWM based VSC
6. Simulation of three level voltage sourced converter.
7. Modeling and Simulation of TCSC Controllers
8. Voltage stability Improvement of large-scale power system using FACTS Controllers.
9. Transient stability improvement of large-scale power system using FACTS Controllers.
10. A static synchronous compensator used for mid-point voltage regulation on a transmission
line.

Note: The above experiments are to be simulated using suitable simulation software.

20
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

0 3 1.5

(18PC2PS04) POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS LABORATORY

PRE-REQUISITES: Power System Dynamics

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To study of AVR and PSS models
 To develop mathematical approach for stability
 To study of dynamic coherence

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Study the Load frequency control of single and two area systems
CO-2: Small signal and transient stability analysis of SMIB System and Interconnected systems
CO-3: Analysis of SMLB system and self-excited Synchronous Generator
CO-4: Study of AVR and PSS on system stability and stability analysis

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Load frequency control of single area power system using simulation.

2. Load frequency control of two area power system using simulation.
3. Steady state stability analysis of a SMIB test system using root locus technique.
4. Dynamic stability study of SMIB test system using time response of simplified model.
5. Transient stability study of SMIB test system using dynamic simulation.
6. Study of Steady state voltage stability of SMLB test system using simulation.
7. Simulation and study of self-excited synchronous generator.
8. Study of transient stability of interconnected power system using fault analysis.
9. Steady state and Transient Models of 3-Phase Synchronous Machine.
10. Simulation of AVR/PSS Models.

Note: The above experiments are to be simulated using suitable simulation software.

21
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

M.Tech. II Semester – (Power Systems) L T/P C

2 0 0

(18AU5EN01) ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH WRITING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To understand the usage of appropriate vocabulary. (Formal, Informal, Gender Insensitive
etc.)
 To understand the features and processes of academic writing
 To identify the resources
 To understand standard documentation styles

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to:
CO-1: Use appropriate vocabulary. (Formal, Informal, Slang, Gender Insensitive etc.)
CO-2: Employ processes of academic writing
CO-3: Identify the resources
CO-4: Understand standard documentation styles

UNIT- I:
Introduction to Research:
i. Identifying the topic
ii. Identifying Sources; Finding Sources
iii. Defining the broad area; Defining the specific area; Difference between a broad area
and specific area
iv. Choosing a topic
v. Mechanics of Writing – Language, Tone, Style, Ethics

UNIT-II:
Referencing & Library Skills:
i. Literature Survey
ii. Writing Objectives
iii. Hypothesis
iv. Methodology
v. Prospects for Future Research

UNIT-III:
Academic Writing Skills:
i. Paraphrasing
ii. Summarizing
iii. Quoting
iv. Rewriting
v. Expansion

UNIT-IV:
Kinds of Academic Writing:
i. Essays
ii. Reports
iii. Reviews
iv. SOPs
v. Abstracts

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vi. Proposals

UNIT-V:
Research Process:
i. Selection of Topic
ii. Formulation of Hypothesis
iii. Collection of Data
iv. Analysis of Data
v. Interpretation of Data
vi. Presentation of Data

UNIT-VI:
i. Title
ii. Abstract
iii. Introduction
iv. Literature Survey
v. Methodology
vi. Discussion
vii. Findings/Results
viii. Conclusion
ix. Documenting Sources

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Goldbort R. (2006), Writing for Science, Yale University Press (available on Google Books)
2. Highman N. (1998), Handbook of Writing for the Mathematical Sciences, SIAM. Highman‟s
Book.

REFERENCES:
1. Day R. (2006), How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press
2. Adrian Wall Work, English for Writing Research Papers, Springer New York Dordrecht
Heidelberg London, 2011
3. MLA Handbook for Research

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