PLC Programming Basics
Basic Ladder Logic “Bit” Instructions
Set Reset One-shot
Rising or Falling
© 2013 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 1
PLC Programming Basics
Instruction Addressing
• Input and output bit instructions
are addressed with either
actual (physical) digital I/O
addresses or internal storage bit
addresses.
• These addresses are defined by the
PLC
© 2013 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 2
PLC Programming Basics
Instruction Addressing
• easy500 controllers use “Markers”
for internal addresses such as
M01, M05, N11
• easy500 controllers use Ixx for
actual (physical) Input addresses
and Qxx for Output addresses.
Example: I01, I08 are Inputs and Q01,
Q04 are Outputs
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 3
PLC Programming Basics
Instruction Addressing
• Marker addresses (Mxx) are
internal storage addresses defined
by the controller. They are
used as internal relays
• Real-world Input and Output
addresses must correspond to the
actual (physical) input terminal
as defined by the controller
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 4
PLC Programming Basics
Read real world inputs
Evaluate ladder
Write real world outputs
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 5
PLC Programming Basics
Inputs
• Input instructions change state
when power is applied to the input
terminal with the corresponding
address
• It’s common to call the following
instruction “True” rather than
“Closed” when power is applied to
the terminal its addressed to
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 6
PLC Programming Basics
Inputs
• It’s also common to call the
following instruction “False”
rather than “Open” when power is
applied to the input terminal it’s
addressed to
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 7
PLC Programming Basics
Outputs
• Outputs “energize” when rung
conditions preceding them are
“True”
• When Input 1 is True, Output 1
is energized
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 8
PLC Programming Basics
Set/Reset
• A Set instruction remains True
even after the rung conditions
that made it True become False
• A Set instruction must be
accompanied by a Reset
instruction addressed with the
same address in order to reset
the bit, based on your logic
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 9
PLC Programming Basics
Set/Reset Example
Input 1 sets Output 1 and Input 2
resets Output 1 (Inputs 1 & 2 must
not be True at the same time)
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 10
PLC Programming Basics
In 1 Timer 1
Timer 1 Out 1
In 2 Out 2
Ladder is evaluated
(scanned) starting from the
top rung, left to right,
followed by the next rung,
and so on, until the bottom
is reached. Then starts
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 11
PLC Programming Basics
Logical AND/OR Operations
If Input A AND Input
B are True, the
Output will energize
If Input A OR
Input B is true,
the Output will
energize
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 12
PLC Programming Basics
AND/OR Combination Logic
Output X is energized if A AND (B OR
C) are True
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 13
PLC Programming Basics - Timers
• Timers
• Two basic types of timers in PLCs:
1. On-delay timers
2. Off-delay timers
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 14
PLC Programming Basics - Timers
• On-delay timers
When an On-delay timer is
energized (True) it delays
turning On the timer’s output bit
until the timer’s preset time
value is reached. The output bit
is often called the timer’s
“Done” bit and it indicates the
timer has attained its preset
time.
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 15
PLC Programming Basics - Timers
• Off-delay timers
When an Off-delay timer is
energized (True) it immediately
turns On its output (Done) bit.
The timer then delays turning Off
the output (Done) bit for the
timer’s preset time, after the
timer is de-energized (False).
Off-delay timers are less common
than On-delay timers.
© 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 16
