Syllabus MSC Physics 2014 PDF

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA
Revised Syllabus for

Msc Degree Programme in Physics
(with effect from 2014 admissions)

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA
M.Sc Degree Programme ( effective from 2014 - 15)
Branch II PHYSICS
A: COURSE STRUCTURE & MARK DISTRIBUTION
Contact
hours UE Maximum mark
Paper per
Semester Code Title of Paper week duration
L T P (h) IA UE Total
PH 211 Classical Mechanics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 212 Mathematical Physics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 213 Basic Electronics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
I PH 251 General Physics Practicals … 1 3 … … … …
PH 252 Electronics &
Computer Science Practicals … 1 4 … … … …
Total for Semester I (S1) 18 5 7 … 75 225 300
PH 221 Modern Optics & 6 1 … 3 25 75 100

Electromagnetic theory
Thermodynamics, Statistical
PH 222 Physics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
& Basic Quantum Mechanics
PH 223 Computer Science & 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
II Numerical Techniques
PH 251 General Physics Practicals … 1 3 6 25 75* 100
PH 252 Electronics & … 1 4 6 25 75* 100
Computer Science Practicals
Total for Semester II (S2) 18 5 7 … 125 375 500
Advanced Quantum
PH 231 Mechanics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 232 Advanced Spectroscopy 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 233 X Special Paper I 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
III PH 261 Advanced Physics Practicals … 1 4 … … … …
Advanced Electronics
PH 262 Practicals … 1 3 … … … …
Total for Semester III (S3) 18 5 7 … 75 225 300
PH 241 Condesed Matter Physics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100

PH 242 Nuclear & Particle Physics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 243 X Special Paper II 6 1 … 3 25 75 100
PH 261 Advanced Physics Practicals … 1 3 6 25 75* 100
Advanced Electronics
IV PH 262 Practicals … … 4 6 25 75* 100
PH 201 Project … … … … 25 75 100
PH 202 Viva Voce … … … … … 100 100
Total for Semester IV (S4) 18 5 7 … 150 550 700
Grand Total 72 20 28 … 425 1375 1800
* 10 marks for records X: E ( Electronics),M( Materials Science)

L- Lecture IA - Internal Assesment N ( Nuclear Physics) ,S ( Space Physics)
T - Tutorial UE - University Exam T ( Theoretical Physics)
P -
Practical
B: SPECIAL PAPERS FOR THIRD AND FOURTH SEMESTERS
Special paper Category Code Nos of Special Papers Name of Special Papers
1 ELECTRONICS PH 233 E Advanced Electronics-I
PH 243 E Advanced Electronics-II
2 MATERIALS PH 233 M Materials Science-I
SCIENCE PH 243 M Materials Science-II
3 NUCLEAR PH 233 N Advanced Nuclear Physics
PHYSICS PH 243 N Radiation Physics
4. SPACE PHYSICS PH 233 S Space Physics and Plasma

Physics
PH 243 S Advanced Astrophysics
5.THEORETICAL PH 233 T Theoretical Physics-1

PHYSICS
.
PH 243 T Theoretical Physics-2
C: GENERAL GUIDELINES
C-1 Theory papers
Books of study and corresponding chapters are given for most of the theory papers in the
syllabus to define the scope of the syllabus.
For internal evaluation of theory papers at least one Viva must be conducted for each paper
For assignments and seminars current developments in the areas of the syllabus may be
chosen for improving the general awareness of the student
In tutorial sessions of theory papers problem solving in different topics of the syllabus may
be discussed.
C-2 Lab Courses

Rough records may be properly maintained for each practical paper and should be produced
during the University Practical Examinations along with original record book.
Each student is encouraged to include critical comments on each experiments done in the
original records including sources and estimates of errors,limitations in the experiments done
and scope for improvements/additions in the experimental work.
In performing Electronics Practicals: Bread Board Practice is recommended in addition to
soldering of electronic circuits.
C-3 Special papers
Depending on the expertise and facilities available in a College ( with approval of the
University and Government as per rules) one of the five Specialisations ( Special
paperCategory) may be chosen by a student for the third and fourth semesters of the
MSc ProgrammeinPhysics.At present for all specialisationspractical courses are
common.
C4-Project work and Project Evaluation
The Project may be started during the second semester of the MSc programme.
25 marks of the project is to be awarded on the basis of internal assessment carried out in the
College for each studentconcerned. A Project rough record may be maintained by each
student to help to evaluate the progress of the project. Each student is required to present the
completed project along with experimental demonstration if any in the college before the
final University examinations in the Fourth Semester of the MSc ( Physics) Programme.
For University Examinations for the Project: 50 marks is allotted for Project report
evaluationand 25 marks allotted for Project based Viva Voce to be conducted along with
General Viva Voce examination by the University.
D Pattern of UniversityQuestion papers
D-1 Theory Papers
Each question Paper has three parts: Part A,Part B and Part C
Part A: Eight short answer questions covering the entire syllabus.One of the question from
this section may be used to test the CURRENT AWARENESS (general knowledge) of the
student in the areas of syllabus covered for this paper.Each question carries 3 marks.
Par B: contains three compulsory questions with internal choice. Questions cover all the three
units in the syllabus.Each question carry 15 marks.
Part C : contains six problems covering the entire syllabus.The student need to answer any
three. Each question carries five marks.
The question paper pattern for the theory papers is given separately.
D-2 PRACTICALS
Each practical paper carries a total of 75 marks. 10 marks are allotted for practical records.
PH 252: Electronics and Computer Science: Unit A-Electronics practical ( 4h ,45 marks)
Unit B- Computer Science ( 2h,20 marks)
PH261: Advanceed Physics has two parts : Physics Experiment ( 5h,45 marks)
Data Analysis of given scientific data ( 1 h,20 marks)
PH 262: Advanced Electronics has two parts : (i)Electronics Practicals ( 4h,45 marks)
(ii) Microprocessor Practicals ( 2h,20 marks)
PH 201 Project: Internal Evaluation for project is 25 marks
For University Examinations: 50 marks for Project Dissertation/report evaluation

and 25 marks for Project based Viva Voce
PH 202 General Viva Voce: For General Viva Voce covering the entire MSc Syllabus,
University Examinations : 100 marks
( University Question Paper pattern given separately)

Question paper pattern
MSc Degree Examination
Branch II PHYSICS
PH 2xy……………………………………………
Duration : 3 hours Maximum marks : 75
Instructions to question paper

setter
1. Each question paper has three parts - Part A, Part B and Part C
2. Part A contains eight short answer questions spanning the entire syllabus, of which the candidate has
to answer any five question carries three marks.
3. Part B contains three compulsory questions with internal choice. Each question shall be drawn from
each unit of the syllabus. Each question carries 15 marks
4. Part C contains six problems spanning the entire syllabus . The cndidate has to answer any three.
Each question carries five marks
PART A
(Answer any five question. Each question carries three marks)
I (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
( 5 x 3 = 15 marks)
PART B
II A (a)
(b)
OR
II B (a)
(b) ( 15 marks)
IiI A
(a)
(b)
OR
IIi B (a)
(b) ( 15 marks)
IV A (a)
(b)
OR
IV B (a)
(b) ( 15 marks)
Part C
(Answer any three question. Each question carries five marks)
V (a)
(b)
(c)
(d )
(e)
(f)
( 3 x 5= 15 marks)
PH 211: CLASSICAL MECHANICS( 6L,1T)
Unit-I
Lagrangianmechanics (12 hours)
Mechanics of a particle and system of particles- constraints-D’Alemberts principle
and Lagrange’s equations-simple applications of Lagrangian formulation-Hamilton’s
principle-techniques of calculus of variations-derivation of Lagrange’s equations from
Hamilton’s principle-conservation theorems and symmetry properties
( Chapters 1 and 2 of Goldstein)
Two body central force problem (14 hours)
Reduction to one body problem-equations of motion-equivalent one dimensional
problem-diffrential equation for the orbit in the case of integrable power law
potentials-Kepler’s problem-inverse square law of force-scattering in central force
field-Virial theorem-transformation of the scattering problem to laboratory
coordinates
( Chapter 3 of Goldstein)
Theory of small oscillations (10 hours)
Equillibrium and potential energy-theory of small oscillations-normal modes with
examples-longitudinal vibrations- longitudinal vibrations of carbon dioxide molecule
( Chapter 9 of Aruldas)
Unit II
Hamiltonian mechanics (12 hours)
Generalised momentum and cyclic coordinates-conservation theorems-Hamilton’s
equations-examples in Hamiltonian dynamics-canonical transformations-generating
functions-poisson brackets-Liouoville’s theorem
( Chapters 3,6 and 7 of Upadhyaya)
Hamilton-Jacobi equations( 10 hours)

Hamilton-Jacobi equation-harmonic oscillator as an example-separation of variables
in Hamilton-Jacobi equation-action angle variables-Kepler’s problem
Rigid body dynamics( 14 hours)
Generalised coordinates of rigid body-Euler’s angles-infinitesmal rotations as vectors-
angular momentum and intertia tensor-Euler’s equations of motion of a rigid body-
force free motin of symmetrical top-motion of heavy symmetrical top
( Chapter 10 of Upadhyaya)
Unit III
Special and General Relativity theory( 14 hours)
Lorentz transformation in four dimensional spaces-covariant four dimensional
formulations-force and energy equations in relativistic mechanics-Lagrangian
formulation of relativistic mechanics-covariant Lagrangian formulation
General theory of relativity-principle of equivalence and applications-ideas of
Riemannian geometry-space time curvature-geodesics-Einsteins equations of General
theory of Relativity-Schwarzchild solutions-observational evidences to General
relativity
( Chapters 7 to 10 of Krori and Chapter 8 of Srivastava)
Introduction to non-linear dynamics( 12 hours)
Linear and nonlinear systems-integration of second order non-linear differential
equations-pendulum equation-phase plane analysis of dynamical systems-linear
stability analysis-limit cycles
( Chapter 10 of Aruldas,relevant Chapters of Drazin and Johnson)
Elements of classical chaos( 10 hours)
Bifurcation-logisitc map-strange attractors-Lyapunov exponent and Chaos-ideas of
fractals and solitons
Books for study
1 H.Goldstein,C.PooleabdS.Safko,Classical Mechanics,3rdEdn,Pearson Education Inc
( 2008 Print)
2. J.C.Upadyaya,ClassicalMechanics,RevisedEditon,Himalaya Publishing Company
(2005)
3. G.Aruldas,ClassicalMechanics,Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd ( 2008 Print)
4.K.D.Krori,Fundementals of Special and General Relativiy,PHI Learning Pvt Ltd (
2010)
5. S.K.Srivastava,General Relativity and Cosmology,PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2008)
6.P.G Drazin and R.S Johnson,Solitons –an Introduction,Cambridge University
Press( 1989)
References
1 N.C.Rana and B.S.Joag,ClassicalMechanics,TataMcGrawHill ( 1991)
2. V.B.Bhatia,Classical Mechanics with introduction to nonlinear oscillations and
chaos,Narosa Publishing House ( 1997)
3. M.Tabor ,Chaos and integrability in nonlinear dynamics,Johnwiley& Sons ( 1989)
4.R.K.Pathria,The Theory of Relativity,SecondEdition,dover Publications ( 2003)
PH 212: Mathematical Physics( 6L, 1T)
Unit I
Vector analysis and matrices( 8 hours)
Review of vector analysis-vector calculus operators-orthogonal curvilinear
coordinates –Gradient,divergence,curl,Laplacian in cylindrical\ and spherical polar
coordinates-orthogonal and unitary matrices-Hermitian matrices-diagonalization of
matrices-normal marices
( Chapter 1 ,2, and 3 of Arfken and Weber)
Complex analysis( 8 hours)
Cauchy-Riemann conditions-Cauchy’s integral theorm and formula-singularities and
mapping-calculus of residues-dispersion relations
( Chapter 6 and 7 of Arfken and Weber)
Fourier series and applications( 8 hours)
General principles of Fourier series-advantages and applications-Gibbs phenomeneon-
Discrete Fourier Transform-Fast Fourier transform
( Chapter 14 of Arfken and Weber)
Probability( 12 hours)
Definitions and simple properties of probability-random variables-Chebychev
inequality and moment generating function-discrete and continous probability
distributions-binomial distributions-posson distributions-Gauss Normal distribution-
error analysisduf and least square fitting-chi-square and student ‘t’ distributions
Unit II
Differential equations( 16 hours)
Partial differential equations-first order equations-separation of variables-singular
points-series solutions and Frobenius method-non homogeneuous partial differential
equations-Green’s functions-Laplace transforms and inverse Laplace transforms-
applications to solution of simple differential equations
Special functions( 20 hours)
Bessel functions of the first kind-orthogonality-Neumann functions-Hankelfuctions-
modified Bessel functions-spherical Bessel functions-Legendre functions-generating
function-recurrence relations and orthoganility-associated Legendre functions-
spherical harmonics-Hermite functions-Lagurerre functions-Chebyshev polynomials-
hypergeometric functions
( Chapter 11,12,13 of Arfken and Weber)
Unit III
Tensor analysis (18 hours)
Notations and conventions in tensor analysis-Einsteins summation convention-
covariant and contravariant and mixed tensors-algebraic operations in tensors-
symmetric and skew symmetric tensors-tensor calulus-Christoffel symbols-kinematics
in Riemann space-Riemann—Christoffel tensor.
( Chapter 49 in Dass and Verma,Chapter 2 of Joshi)
Group theory( 18 hours)
Definitions of a group-elementary properties-sub groups-homomorphism and
isomorphism of groups-representation of groups-reducible and irreducible
representations-simple applications in crystallography and molecular symmetry-Lie
groups-SU(2) groups and their representations
( Chapter 1,3, and 7 of Joshi and Chapter 4 of Bagchi et al)
Books for study
1 G.B.Arfken and H.J.Weber, Mathematical methods for
th
Physcisits,6 Edition,Elsavier ( 2005).
2. H.K.Dass and R.Verma,MathematicalPhysics,S.Chand& Co Pvt Ltd ( 1997)
3. A.W.Joshi,Matrices and Tensors in Physics,3rdEdition,New Age International Pub (
1995)
4.A.W.Joshi, Elements of Group Theory for Physicists,Fourth Edition,
New Age International Pub ( 1997).
5.S.C.Bagchi,S.Madan,A,Sitaram,V.BTewariA first course in representation theory
and linear Liegroups,Universities Press ( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2000).
References
1 Harry Lass,Vector and Tensor Analysis,McGraw Hill Pub ( 1950)
2. M.L.Jain,Vector Spaces and Matrices in Physics,Alpha Science International (
2001)
3. W.W.Bell,Special Functions for Scientists and Engineers,Dover Publications (
2004)
4. W.K.Tung,Group theory in Physics,World Scientific Pub Co (1999)
5, C.Harper,Introduction to MathemaicalPhysics,Prentice Hall ( 1986)
6. A.K.Ghatak,I.C.GoyalamdS.T.Chua,MathematicalPHYsics,Macmillan India (
1985).
PH 213:BASIC ELECTRONICS ( 6L,1T)

Unit I
Selections from electronic circuits ( 24 hours)
Frequency response of an amplifier circuits-power and volatage gain-imedence
matching-Bode plots-Miller effects-rise time bandwidth relations-frequency analysis
of BJT and FETamplifier stages
( Chapter 16 of Malvino and Bates)
Active filters-first order and second order Butterworth transfer function-first order and
second order active filters-lowpass,high pass and band pass filters-comparators-OP
Amp as a voltage comparator-zero crossing detectors-Schmitt trigger-voltage
regulators-square,triangular and saw tooth wave form generators-Weinberg oscillator-
monostable and astablemultivibrator circuits using IC 555 timer-Phase Locked Loop
circuits ( PLL)
( Chapters 7,8 and 9 of Gayakward)
Microwave solid state devices (12 hours)
Tunnel diode-varacter diode-IMPATT diode-Gunn diode-applications of semi
conductor microwave devices
( Chapter 12 of Tyagi and Chapter 10 of Sreetman & Banerjee )
Unit II
Digital electronics
Arithmetic and data processing digital circuits (16 hours)
Binary adder and subractor-arithmetic logic unit-binary multiplication and division-
arithmetic units using HDL-multiplexers-demultiplexers-BCD to decimal counters-
encoders-parity generators and checkers-programmable logic arrays
( Chapter 4,6 and 7 of Leach etal)
Seqential digital circuits( 20 hours)
Flip flops-clocked SR flip flops-JK flip flops-different types of registers-shift registers
and applications-asynchrounous and synchronous electronic counters-decade
counters-digital clock-applications of electronic counters.
( Chapters 8,9,10 and 13 of Leach et al)\
Unit III
Optoelectronics( 20 hours)
Optical fibre as a wave guide-mode theory of circular wave guide-wave guide
equations-modes in step index fibres-propagation of modes in single mode fibres-
signal distortion in optical fibres-sources of attenuation and signal distortion-optical
sources-LED’s and Laser diodes-photodetectors-semiconductor and fibre amplifiers
( Chapers 2,3,6 and 11 of Keiser)
Electronic Instrumentation( 16 hours)
Electronic measurements and instruments-comparison between analog and digital
instruments-performance and dynamic characteristics-ideas of errors and
measurement standards-voltmeters-ammeters-ohmerters-multimeters-balance bridge
voltmeters-components of a CRO-dual beam and dual trace CRO-digital sorage CRO-
classification of transducers-active and passive transducers-force and displacement
transducers-strain gauges-temaprature measurements-thermistors-thermocouples-flow
measurements
( Chapters 1,4,5,7,and 8 of Lal Kishore)
Books for study
1 A.Malvino and D.J.Bates,Electrinics Prinicples,7thEdition,Tata McGraw Hill( 2007)
2. R.A.Gayakwad, Operational Amplifiers and Linear integrated Circuirts,Prentice
Hall of India ( 2000)
3.M.S.Tyagi,Introduction to semiconductior materials and devices,Wiley India (
2005)
4. B.G.Streetman,S.K.Banerjee,Solid state electronic devices.Pearsoninc ( 2010)
5.D.P.Leach,A.P.Malvino, and G.Saha ,Digital principles and applications,Tata Mc
Graw Hill ( 2011)
6. G.Keiser,Optical Fibre Communication,3rdedition,McGraw Pub (2000)
7. LalKishore,Electronic measurements and Instrumentation,Dorling Kindersley (
India) Pvt Ltd( 2010)
References
1 J.Millman,C,Halkias and C.D.Parikh,IntegratedElectronics,TataMcGrawHill (
2010)
2T.F.Bogart Jr,J.S.Beasley and G.Reid,Electronic devices and
circuits,SixthEdition,PearsonInc ( 2004)
3. Thomas.L.Floyd,Digital Fundementals,10thedition,Dorling Kindersley ( India) Pvt
Ltd ( 2011)
4 JoachionPiprek,Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices,Academic Press (2003)
5. W.D.Cooper,A,O,Helfrik and H.Albert,Electronic Instrumentation and
measurement Techniques,PHI ( 1997).
PH 221 MODERN OPTICS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY( 6L,1T)

Unit I
Selections from modern optics ( 24 hours)
Multiple beam interference-Fabry-Perot interferometer-theory of multilayer films-
antireflection films and high reflectance films -Fresnel-Kirchoff integral theorem
and formula-Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction patterns and theory-applications of
Fourier transforms to diffraction-accoustic -optic modulation-basic ideas of Raman-
Nath diffraction and Bragg diffraction-holography as wavefront reconstruction-
propagation of light in crystals-optical activity and Faraday rotation
( Chapters 4 to 6 of Fowles and Chapters17 and 18 of Ghatak and Thayagarajan)
Non-linear optics( 12 hours)
Physical origin of non-linear polarization-electromagnetic wave propagation in non
linear media-optical second harmonic generation-ideas of parametric amplification-
electro-optic modulation of laser beams-eletro-optic amplitude and phase modulation-
LiNbO3 crystals as phase modulators
( Chapers 8 and 9 of Yariv)
Unit II
Electromagnetic waves( 12 hours)
Electromagnetic wave equations-electromagnetic waves in non-conducting media-
plane waves in vacuum-energy and momentum of electromagnetic waves-propagation
through linear media-reflection and transmission at normal and oblique incidence-
electromagnetic waves in conductors-modified wave equations and plane waves in
conducting media-reflection and transmission at a conducting interface
( Chapter 9 of Griffiths)
Relativistic electrodynamics( 12 hours)
Magnetism as a relativistic phenomena-transformation of the field-electric field of a
uniformly moving point charge-electrodynamics in tensor notation-electromagnetic
field tensor-potential formulation of relativistic electrodynamics
( Chapter 12 of Griffiths)
Radio wave propagation through earth’s atmosphere( 12 hours)

Radio wave propagation in free space-radio wave propagation through earth’s
troposphere-radio horizon-ideas of ground and surface waves-radio wave propagation
in earth’s ionosphere-maximum usable frequency and virtual height calculations-
classification of different radio wave bands
( Chapter 15 of Roody and Coolen)
Unit III
Transmission lines ( 12 hours)
Transmission line parameters and equations-input impedance-standing wave ratio and
power-The Smith Chart-applications of transmission lines
( Chapter 10 of Sadiku)
Wave guides( 12 hours)
Rectangular wave guides-transverse magnetic ( TM) modes-Transverse electric ( TE)
modes-wave propagation in the wave guide-power transmission and attenuation
Antennas( 12 hours)
Radiation from Hertzian dipole-half wave dipole antenna-quarter wave monopole
antenna-antenna chateristics-antenna arrays-effective area and Friji’s equations
Books for study
1 G.R.Fowles,, Introduction to Modern Optics,SecondEdition,Dover Publications (
1989)
2 A.Yariv,Introduction to Optical electronics,Holt,Reinhart and Winston ( 1976)
3. A.Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, Optical Electronics,Cambridge University Press (
1998)
4. D.Roody and
J.Coolen,,ElecronicCommunications,FourthEdition,DorlingKindersley
( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2008)
5. D.J.Griffiths ,Indroduction to Electrodynamics,PHI Learning India Pvt Ltd ( 2007)
6.M.N.O.Sadiku,Elements of electromagnetics,Oxford University Press ( 2007)
References
1 J.R.Meyer-Arendt,Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics,Prentice Hall Intl (
1995)
2. J.C.Palais,Fibre optic communications,FiftghEdition,Pearson Education Inc ( 2005)
3. E.C.Jordan and K.G.Balmain,Electromagnetic waves and radiating
systems,SecondEdition,Pearson Education ( 2002)
4. D.K.Cheng,Field and Wave electromagnetics , Second Edition ,Addison Wesley (
1999)
5. L.Ganesan and S.S.Sreejamole,Transmission lines and wave
guides,SecondEdition,TataMcGrawHill ( 2010).
PH 222: THERMODYNAMICS,STATISTICAL PHYSICS AND BASIC

QUANTUM
MECHANICS ( 6L,1T)
UNIT I
Thermodynamic relations and consequences (20 hours)
Thermodyanamic functions and Maxwells’s equations-Clausius -Claepyrans
equations-Properties of thermodyanamic potentials-Gibbs-Helmoltz relation-
thermodynamic equilibrium-Nerst –heat theorem and its consequences-Gibb’s phase
rule-chemical potential-vapour pressure relation and chemical constants
( Chapter 2 of Satyaprakash)
Foundations of classical statistical physics (16 hours)
Phase space-ensembles-Lioville’s theorem-statistical equilibrium-microcanonical
ensemble-partition functions and thermodynamic quantities-Gibb’s paradox-Maxwell-
Boltzmann distribution laws-grand canonical ensemble
( Chapter 6 and 7 of Satyparakash)
Unit II
Quantum statistics( 24 hours)
Quantum statistics of classical particles-density matrix in microcaonical,canonical and
grand canonical ensembles-Bose Einstein statistics and Bose Einstein distribution law-
Maxwell Boltzmann statistics and Maxwell Boltzmann distribution law—Fermi Dirac
statistics and Fermi Dirac distribution law-comparison of three types of statistics-
applications of quantum statistics-Planck radiation laws-Bose Einstein gas and Bose
Einstein condensation—Fermi Dirac gas-electron gas in metals-thermionic emission-
statistical theory of white dwarfs
( Chapter 8 of Satyaprakash)
Phase transitions (12 hours)
Triple point-Vander wal’s equation and phase transitions-first and second order phase
transitions-Ehrenfest’s equations-Ising model-Yang and Lee theory of phase
transitions-London theory of phase transitions
( Chapter 12 of Satyparakash)
Unit III
Foundations of quantum mechanics( 12 hours)
Basic postulates if quantum mechanics-Hilberts space-observabales-Hermitian
operators-general statistical interpretation-Uncertainty principle-minimum uncertainty
wave packet-energy time uncertainty principle-Dirac notation-Matrix representation
of state vectors and operators-change of represenatations-eigenvalue problem in
matrix mechanics-energy and momentum representations-unitary transformations
involving time-Schrodinger,Heisenberg and interaction pictures.
( Chapter 3 of Griffiths,Chapters 2 and 10 of Agarwal and Hariprakash)
Paradoxes in quantum mechanics( 8 hours)
Examples of paradoxes in physics-paradoxes in quantum mechanics-The Stern
Gerlach experiment and the measurement process-EPR paradox-Bell’s theorem and
inequality-Schrodinger cat-quantum zero paradox
( Chapter 10 of Devanarayanan and Chapter 12 of Griffiths)
Exactly solvable problems in quantum mechanics (16 hours)
one dimensional eignenvalue problems-square well potential-potential barrier-alpha
particle emission-Bloch waves in periodic potential-linear harmonic oscillator
problem using wave mechanics and operator methods-free particle wave functions
and solutions-three dimensional eigen value problems-particle moving in spherical
symmetric potential-rigid rotator-hydrogen atom problem-three dimensional potential
well-Deutron
( Chapters 4 and 5 of Aruldas)
Books for study
1 SatyaPrakash,StatisticalMechanics,Kedarnath Ram Nath Publishers,
Meerut and Delhi ( 2009)
2. B.K.Agarwal and HariPrakash,QuantumMechanics,Prentice Hall of India ( 2002)
3. S.Devanarayanan,QuanrtumMechanics,Sci Tech Publications ( India) Pvt Ltd (
2005)
4. D.J.Griffiths,Indroducion to Quanum Mechanics, Second Edition,Pearson
Education Inc
( 2005)
5.G.Aruldas,Quantum Mechanics,2ond Edition,PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2009).
References
1 R.K.Srivastava and J.Asok , Statistical Mechanics,Wiley Easter Ltd ( 2005)
2. S.K.Sinha,StatsticalMechancis-Theory and Applications,Tata Mc Graw Hill ( )
3. P.M.Mathews and K.Venkitesan,A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics,Tata Mc
Graw Hill (2010 )
4. A.Ghatak and S.Lokanathan ,QuantumMechancis Theory and Applications,Kluewer
Academic apublishers ( 2004).
5.V.K.Thankappan,QuantumMechancics,SecondEdition,New Age International Pvt
Ltd
( 2003)
PH 223:COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES ( 6L,1T)
Unit I
Foundations of computer science( 12 hours)
Introduction to computers-computer architecture-memory and storage-I/O devices-

computer languages-operating systems-data communications and computer networks-
data bases-Internet basics-multimedia
(Chapter 1 and 3-15 of ITL Education solutions)
Introduction to Python Programming (10 hours)
Python programming basics –strings-numbers and operators-variables-functions-

Classes amd objects-organizing programs-files and directories-other features of
Python language
( Chapter 1 to 9 of Peter Norton et al)
Introduction to microprocessors ( 12 hours)

Evolution of microprocessors-microcontrollers and digital signal processors-Intel
8085 8 bit microprocessor-pin description-functional description-8085 instruction
format-addressing modes of 8085-interrupts of 8085-memory interfacing-8085
machine cycles and Bus timings-Assembly language programming of 8085
( Chapter 1 of Udayakumar and Umasankar and Chapter 3 and 4 of Abhishek Yadav)
Unit II
Programming with C++( 36 hours)
Features of C++-basic structure of C++ programs-header files-in and out functions-

compilation and execution-data types-constants and variablesglobal variables-
operators and
Expressions of C++-flow control-conditional statements-iterative statements-switch
statements-conditional operators as an alternative to IF-nested loops-break statements-
ext( )
functions-structured data types-arrays-storage classes-multidimensional arrays-sorting
of strings-functions-built in and user defined-accesing function and passing arguments
to functions-calling functions with arrays-scope rule for functions and variables-
structures in C++-classes abd objects –definition-class declaration-class function
definitions-creating objects-use of pointers in the place of arrays-file handling in C++-
basic file operations-serial and sequential files-reading and writing on to disks.
( Relevant Chapters from both Ravichandran and Somasekhara)
Unit III
Numerical Techiques( 36 hours)
Solution of simultaneious linear algebraic equations-Gauss elimination method-Gauss
Jrdan method-inverse of amatric using Gauss elimnaion method-Finite differences-
forward and backward differences-central differences-difference of a polynomial-
error propagation in difference table-Interpolation with equal intervals-Gregory
Newton forward and backward formula-errorin polynomial interpolation-central
difference intgerpolation formula-Gauss’s fprward and backward formula-Striling’s
formula-Lagrange interpolation formula-numerical differentiation-numerical
integration using general quadratature formula-Trapezoidal rile-Simsons 1/3 and 1/8
rules-numerical solutions to ordinary differential equations-Euler and modified Euler
methods-RangaKutta methods-numerical solution to partial differential equations-
soluitions to Poisson and Laplace equations
( Chapters 4,5,6,7,8,9,11 and 12 of Vedamurty and Iyengar)
Books for study
1 ITL Education Solutions Ltd,Introducion to Computer

Science,SecondEdition,Dorling Kindersley( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2011)
2 V.N.Vedamurty and N.Iyengar,NumericalMethods,Vikas Publishing Pvt Ltd (

1998)
3 K.Udayakumar, and B.S.Umasankar,The 8085 microprocessor,Dorling
Kindersley( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2008)
4 Peter Norton etal., Beginning Python,Wiley Publishing ( 2005)
5 AbishekYadav,Microprocessor 8085 8086,University Science Press,New Delhi

( 2008)
6 D.Ravichandran,Programming in C++,Tata Mc Graw Hill (2011 )
7 M.T.Somasekhara,Programming in C++, PHI Pvt Publishing ( 2005)
References
1. V.Rajaraman,Fundementals of Computers,5thEdition,PHI ( 2010)
2. R.S.Gaonkar,Microprocessor-Architecture,Programming and Applications with

8085,
3. S.S.Sastry,Introductory method of Nuimerical analysis,5thedition,PHI ( )
4. P.Ghosh,NumericalMethodswith computer programs in C++,PHI learning Pvt

Ltd
5. BjorneStroustrup,The C++ Programming Lanuguage ,4thEdition,Addison

Wesley
PH231:QUANTUM MECHANICS( 6 L , 1 T)
Unit I
Approximation methods in quantum mechanics (24 hours)
The variational principle-Rayleigh Ritz method-variation method and excited states-
ground state of Helium and Deutron-time independent peturbatin theory-non degerate
energy levels-anharmonic oscillator-ground state of He atom using perturbation
theory-Stark effect in hydrogen atom-time dependent perturbation theory-first order
and harmonicpeturbation-absorption and emission of radiation-Einstein’s A and B
coefficients-Rayleigh and Raman scattering-WKB method-connection formulas-
barrier potential-penetration-alpha particle emission-bound states in a potential well
( Chapters 9-12 of Aruldas)
Angular momentum( 12 hours)

Angular momentum in operators and commutation relations-eigen values and eigen
functions of L2 and Lz –general angular momentum-eigen values of J2andJz-angular
momentum matrices-spin angular momentum –spin vectors for a spin ½ system-
addition of angular momentum-Clebiz-Jordon coefficients
Unit II
Symmetry and conservation laws (10 hours)
Symmetry transformations-space translation and conservation of angular momentum-
time translation and conservation of energy-roation in space and conservation of
angular momentum-space inversion-time reversal
Quantum theory of scattering( 12 hours)
Scattering cross section and scattering amplitude-partial wave anaylsis and scattering
by a central potrential-scattering by attractive square well potential-scatteri8ng length-
expression for phase shifts-Born approximation-scattering by Coloumb potential-
Laboratary and centre of mass coordinate transformations
( chapter 14 of Aruldas)
System of identical particles( 14 hours)
Identical particles-Paul;is exclusion principle-inclusion of spin-spin function for a two
electron system-Helium atom-central field approximation-Thomas Fermi model of an
atom-Hartree and Hartree-Fock equations.
Unit III
Relativistic quantum mechanics( 24 hours)
Klein-Gordon equations and its relevance-particle in aColoumb’sfild-Dirac’s
relativistic theory-Dirac’s equation for a free particle-Dirac matrices-covariant form of
Diracs equations-probability density-plane wave solutions-negative energy starts-spin
in Dirac’s theory-magnetic moment of anelectrom-relativistic corrections of
Hydrogen atom spectrum-spin orbit correction-Lamb shift
Elements of Quantum Field theory ( 12 hours)
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of classical fields-quantisation of fields-
quantisation of the Schrodinger equation-Klein-Gordon and Dirac fields-quantisation
of the electgromagnetic field
Book for study
1 G.Aruldas,QuantumMechanics,SecondEdition,PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2009)
References
1 S.Devanarayanan,QuanrtumMechanics,Sci Tech Publications ( India) Pvt Ltd (
2005)
2 D.J.Griffiths,Indroducion to Quanum Mechanics, Second Edition,Pearson Education
Inc ( 2005)
3. P.M.Mathews and K.Venkitesan,A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics,Tata Mc
Graw Hill (2010 )
4. A.Ghatak and S.Lokanathan ,QuantumMechancis Theory and Applications,Kluwer
Academic Publishers ( 2004).
5.V.K.Thankappan,QuantumMechancics,SecondEdition,New Age International Pvt
Ltd
( 2003)
6. J.J.Sakurai,Advamced Quantum Mechanics,Pearson Education Inc ( 2009)
7. L.H.Ryder,Quantum Field TheorySecondEdition,Cambridge University Presss (
1996)
8. Steven Weinberg,Quantum Theory of Fields( in Three Volumes), Cambridge
University Presss ( 2002)
PH 232:ADVANCED SPECTROSCOPY ( 6l,1T)
Unit I
General tools of experimental spectroscopy( 14 hours)
General components of absorption measurements-dispersing elements-prisms-grating

and interferometers-tools in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum-atomic
absorption spectroscopy-inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy-recording
spectrophoto meters for IR,visible and UV regions(Chapter 3 of Hollas)
Molecular symmetry( 10 hours)
Symmetry operators-symmetry elements-algebra of symmetry operations-

multiplication tools-matrix representation of symmetry operators-molecular point
groups-reducible and irreducible representations-great orthogonality theorem-
character tables for point groups-symmetry species of point groups-IR and Raman
activity
Molecular rotational spectroscopy( 12 hours)

Classification of molecules-rotational spectra of diatomic molecules-isotope effect and
intensity of rotational lines-non rigid rotator-linear polyatomic molecules-symmetric
and asymmetric top molecules-microwave spectrometer-analysis of rotational spectra.
Unit II
IR spectroscopy( 12 hours)
Vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules-charestrisitic IR spectra-vibrations of

polyatomic miolecules-anharmonicity-Fermi resonance-hydrogen bonding-normal
modes of vibration
in a crystal-interpreation of vibrational spectra-Fourier transform IR spectroscopy
Electronic spectra of molecules( 12 hours)

Vibrational coarse structure and analysis of bound systems-Deslanders table-Frank
condon principle-vibrational electronic sopectra-rotational fine structure-Fortrat
parabola-electronic angular momentum in diatomic molecules
Raman spectroscopy( 12 hours)
Theory of Raman scattering-rotational and vibrational Raman spectra-Raman

spectrometer-structure determination using Raman and IR spectroscopy-nonlinear
Raman effects-Hyper Raman effect-stimuated Raman scattering –coherent antistokes
Raman scattering
( Chapter 8 and 15 of Aruldas)
Unit III
ESR and NMR spectroscopy( 12 hours)
Principle of NMR-ESR spectrometer-Hyperfine structure-ESR spectra of Free
radicals-Magnetic properties of nuclei-resonance condition-NMR instrumentation-
chemical shift-NMR spectra of solids-NMR imaging-interpreation of NMR spectra
( Chapters10 and 11 of Aruldas)
Mossabauerspectroscopy( 8 hours)
Recoilless emission and absorption-Mossbauer spectrometer-experimental techniques-
isomer shift-quadrupole interaction-magnetic hyperfine interaction
Photoelectron and Photo-accousticspectroscopy( 16 hours)
Photroelectron spectroscopy-experinertal methods-photoelectron spectra and their

interpretation-Auger electron and X ray Flourescence spectroscopy-Photo-accoustic
effect-basic theory-experimental arrangement-applications
( Chapter 8 of Hollas and Chapter 13 of Suresh Chandra)
Books for study
1 J.M.Hollas,ModernSpectroscopy,FourthEdition,John Wiley &Sons ( 2004)
2. G.Aruldas,Molecular Structure and Spectrocopy,PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2007)
3. Suresh Chandra, Molecular Spectroscopy,Narosa Publishing Co ( 2009)
References
1. C.N.Banwell and E.M.McCash,Fundementals of Molecular
Spectroscopy,Fourthedn,TataMcGrawHill ( 1995).
2. D.N.Satyanarayana,Vibrational spectroscopy-Theory and applications,New Age

International Pvt Ltd ( 2004)
3. J.L.McHale,MolecularSpectroscopy,Pearson education Inc ( 2008).

SYLLABUS FOR SPECIAL PAPERS ( SPECIAL PAPER I)
PH 233 E : ADVANCED ELECTRONICS -I ( 6L,1T)

Unit I
Analog radio frequency communications ( 16 hours)
Different types of analogcontinous wave modulation-analog baseband signal
transmission-signal distortions and equilization-linear continous wave modulation
schemes-amplitude modulation-DSB and SSB schemes-frequency conversion-angle
modulation-spectra of angle modulated signals-power and bandwidth of FM signals-
generation and demodulation of FM signals-commercial radio broadcasting
techniques-AM and FM radio broadcasting and reception
( Chapter 5 of Sam Shanmugam)
Microwave radio communications ( 10 hours)
Advantages and disadvantages of microwave radio communications-digital and analog
systems-frequency and amplitude modulation techniques-FM microwave radio
system-FM microwave repeaters-FM microwave radio stations-line of sight path
characteristics
( Chapter 24 of Tomasi )
Pulse modulation (10 hours)
Different types of pulse modulation-pulse amplitude modulation ( PAM)-PAM
spectrum-pulse code modulation( PCM)-sampling and quantization of analog signals-
quantization error-signal to noise ratio-differential PCM_delta modulation-other pulse
modulation schemes-applications of pulse modulation
( Chapter 13 of Kennedy and Davis and Chapter 11 Roody and Coolen)
Unit II
Digital communications ( 16 hours)
Basics of information theory-ideas of digital codes –noise in information carrying
channel-Digital carrier modulation -binary ASK,PSK and FSK schemes-bandwidth
and power requirements-synchronization methods-ideas of error control coding and
error corrections-digital transmission of analog signals-transmission using PCM –
frequency and time division multiplexing ( TDM) –TDM in PCM telephone system.
( Chapter 13 &14 of Kennedy and Davis, and 10 of Sam Shanmugam and Chapter
12 of Roody and Coolen))
Optical fibre communications ( 20 hours)

Overview of the optical communication system and its components-optical
communication receiver and its equivalent circuit-direct and coherent detection
systems- digital modulation and demodulation schemes for coherent optical
communication receivers-heterodyne and homodyne detection – principles of
wavelength division and code division multiplexing in potical communication- -
optical solitons-soliton based optical communication systems
( Chapters 1,7-10 of Keiser and Chapters 1,3,6-10 of Agrawal)
Unit III
Mobile cellular communications (12 hours)
Mobile telephone services-cellular telephone-frequency reuse-cell splitting-
sectoring,segmentation and dualisation-cellular system topology-roaming and
handoffs-cellular telephone nework components and call processing-first and second
generation cellular telephone services-digital cellular telephone system-global system
for mobile communicartion-personnal satellite communication system
(Chapters 19 and 20 of Tomasi)
Digital Signal processing ( 24 hours)
Basics of signals and systems ( 6 hours)
Classification of signals-amplitude and phase spectra-classification of system-simple
manipulations of discrete time signals-representation of systems-analog to digital
conversion of signals
( Chapter 1 of Salivahananetal)
Fourier analysis of signals and systems ( 12 hours)
Triganometric Fourier series-exponential form-Parseval’s idendity-power spectrum of
a period function-Fourier transform-properties of Fourier transform-Fourier transform
of important signals-Fourier transform of power and energy signals-Discrete time
fourier transform - Fast Fourier transform ( FFT)
( Chapter 2 of Salivahanan et al)
z-transofrms ( 8 hours)
Definition of z transform-properties of z-transform-evaluation of the inverse z-
transform
( Chapter 4 of Salivahanan et al)
Digital Filters ( 10 hours)
Magnitude and phase response of Digital filters- Finite Impulse Response ( FIR)
digital filters-frequency response of linear phase FIR filters-design techniques of FIR
filters-ideas of Infinite Impulse Response filters.
(Chapter 7 of Salivahanan et al)
Books for study

1 K.SamShanmugam,Digital and Analog communication systems,JohnWileya& Sons
( 2006)
2. W.Tomasi,Electroniccommunicationsystems:Findementals through
advanced,DorlingKinderley ( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2009)
3. G.Kenndy and B.Davis,Elecrinuic communication systems,FourthEdiion,Tata Mc
Graw Hill ( 2003)
4.G.Keiser,Optical Fibre Communication,3rdedition,McGraw Pub (2000)
5.G.P.Agrawal,Fibre optic communication systems,John Wiley& Sons ( 1993)
6.S.Salivahanan and G.Ganapriya,Digital Signal Processing,Tata Mc Graw Hill (
2011)
References
1 H.Taub,D,Schilling and G.Saha,Principle of Communiation systems,3rdEdition,Tata
Mc Graw Hill ( 2008)
2. W.C.Y.Lee,Mobile Communications-design,Fundementals,SecondEdition,John
Wiley & Sons ( 1993)
3. J.S.Chitode,DigitalCommunications,Technical Publications Pune ( 2008)
4. J.M.Senior,Optical Fibre Communications-Principles and
Practice,SecondEdition,Pearson Education ( 2006).
5.J.J.Carr ,Microwave and Wireless communications Technology,Butterworth-
Heinemann
( 1996)
PH 233 M: MATERIALS SCIENCE- I ( 6L,1T)
Unit I
Introduction to Crystals (36 Hrs)
Crystals
Lattice –Unit cells-Basis- and crystal structures-Periodicity in crystals-Combination of
symmetry elements – Symmetry groups-point groups. Structure of crystals- l-
Determination of crystal structures-Diffraction theory-Scherrer formula-Calculation of
particle size-line broadening Determination of unit cell content-. Atomic packing in
crystals: Rules governing the packing of atoms-Pauling’s rules-applications in crystal
structures-complex ions-polymorphism-solid solutions. Electronic Structure of atoms-
Atomic and ionic arrangements in materials-Short range and long range order-Liquid
crystals-Amorphous materials-Softmaterials
Classification of materials,-Functional classification of materials
Materials for Aerospace, Biomedical, Electronic, Energy technology, Environmental
technology, Magnetic, Photonic and Structural Applications- Smart materials.
Structuralclassification of Materials- Crystalline-Single crystals-polycrystalline
materials- Grains and grain boundaries. Crystal structures of ionic materials-Cesium
chloride, Fluorite, Perovskite and Corundum type structures-Covalent structures.
Imperfections in crystals
Types of imperfections in crystals -Point defects-Interstitial defects-Substitutional
defects-Frenkel and Schottky defects-Line Kronger-Vink notation for defect chemical
reaction- Dislocations and Diffusion in crystals - Dislocations- Burgers vectors – edge
and screw dislocations –slip-significance of dislocations-Schmid’s law-Surface
defects-Domain boundaries- Importance of defects –Diffusion- Applications of
Diffusion-Stability of atoms and ions-Mechanism for diffusion-Activation energy for
diffusion- Permeability of polymers-Composition profile-Diffusion and materials
processing.
Unit II
Formation of crystalline materials (36 hrs)
Growth from the melt - the Bridgmann technique – crystal pulling -Czochralski
method- liquid solid interface shape -crystal growth by zone melting - Verneuil flame
fusion technique. Low temperature solution growth - methods of crystallization - slow
cooling, solvent evaporation, temperature gradient methods - crystal growth system -
growth of KDP, ADP and KTP crystals - high temperature solution growth, gel
growth.
Unit III
Properties of materials -Mechanical and Thermal properties - (36 hrs)
Mechanical properties
Stress-strain relation and tensile test-True stress and true strain-Bend test for brittle
materials-Hardness of materials-Knoop test-Strain rate effects-Ductile -brittle
transition temperature.-Fracture mechanics-Micro-structural features of fractures in
ceramics and compounds-Fatigue
Thermal properties
Heat capacity and specific heat-thermal expansion-thermal conductivity-Thermal
diffusivity-thermal shock in materials. Transformation in crystals-Elements of
thermodynamics-Free energy-First order and second order transformations-order-
disorder transitions-Equilibrium diagrams-phase rules-solid solutions
Reference Books
1. Introduction to solids –L.V.Azaroff Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. The Science and Engineering of Materials: Donald R Askeland and Pradeep P

Phule 6 Edition-Thomson Brooks/Cole.
3. Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices , S.O.Kasap .Tata Mc Graw Hill
4. Crystallography and crystal defects, A. Kelley, G.W. Groves & P. Kidd,

Wiley
5. Crystallography applied to Solid State Physics, A.R. Verma, O.N.

Srivastava, NAI
6. Solid State Physics, A.J.Dekker, Macmillan, (1967).
7. Solid State Physics, S.L. Gupta and V.Kumar, Pragati Prakashan.
8. Introduction to Theory of Solids, H.M. Rosenberg, Prentice Hall.
9. Solid State Physics,J.S. Blakemore, W.B.Saunders & Co. Philadelphia.

10. Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft & N.D. Mermin, Brooks/ Cole (1976).
11. Crystal Defects and Crystal Interfaces, W. Bollmann, Springer Verlag.
12. Elementary solid State physics M.Ali Omar-Pearson
13. Solid State Physics R.J.singh-Pearson
14. Thermal Analysis, Wesley W.M. Wendlandt , Wiley.
PH 233N :ADVANCED NUCLEAR PHYSICS(6L,1T)
Unit I
Nuclear properties and structrure ( 36 hours)
Nuclear structure – charge, mass, shape, and size of nucleus, spin, parity, electric and
magnetic moments, isospin, binding energy, packing fraction, Experimental
determination of nuclear mass, Aston’s mass spectrograph, Measurement of nuclear
spin (using Zeeman effect) and magnetic moment (using NMR), nature of nuclear
forces, ground and excited states of deuteron, spin dependence, effective range theory,
non central force, n-p scattering and p-p scattering at low energies, nature of two
nucleon potential, charge independence and saturation of nuclear force, exchange
forces, meson theory of nuclear force.
Nuclear models - liquid drop model: Bethe-Weizsacker formula and its applications,
shell model, evidence and limitations of shell model, single particle shell model,
nuclear vibrations and rotations, optical model, collective model.
Unit II
Nuclear instrumentation(36 hours)
Gas filled detectors, Ionization Chamber, Proportional counter, GM Counter,
Scintillation counter, Cerenkov counter, semiconductor detectors [Si(Li), Ge(Li),
HPGe], Solid state nuclear track detectors, Nuclear emulsion, neutron detectors,
scaling circuits.
Classification of accelerators, cyclotron, synchro-cyclotron, Betatron, Tandem
accelerators, linear accelerator (LINAC). Nuclear Reactor – self sustained reaction,
four factor formula, reactor theory, critical size, reactor materials, reactor control,
breeder reactor, thermonuclear fusion, fusion in plasma, fission reactor, conditions for
sustained fusion, magnetic confinement, toroidal confinement: Tokomak.
Unit III
Nuclear reactions and Particle Physics ( 36 hours)
Types of nuclear reactions, conservation laws, energetics of nuclear reactions, nuclear
transmutations, cross section of nuclear reaction, compound nucleus hypothesis, Breit-
wigner one level formula, direct reactions, stripping and pick up reactions, heavy ion
induced reactions, Nuclear fission, energetic of nuclear fission, Bohr-wheeler theory,
nuclear fusion, stellar energy and nucleo-synthesis.
Neutrons, Kinematics in high energy collisions, particles in high energy reactions,

classification of elementary particles, interactions among particles, states of particles
in terms of quantum numbers, Yukawa hypothesis, properties of pi mesons, muons,
K-mesons and hyperons, particle interactions and Feynman diagrams, symmetries and
conservation laws, CP T invariance, Gellmann Nishijima Formula, Quark Model,
Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), symmetry classifications of elementary
particles, weak interactions, Grand Unification Theory (GUT).
Books for Study

1. S.N. Goshal. Atomic and Nuclear Physics, S Chand & Company Ltd. 1998
2. Kenneth S Krane. Introductory Nuclear Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 1987
3. Sathya Prakash Nuclear Physics & particle Physics, S Chand 2005
4. John S Liley. Nuclear physics, Wiley India, 2007
References
1. Irving Kaplan, “Nuclear Physics”, Narosa Book Distributors, 2002.
2. R.D. Evans, “The atomic Nucleus”, McGraw-Hill, 1955.
3. D.C.Tayal, Nuclear Physics, Himalayan Publication house, Bombay, 1980
4. R.R. Roy & B P Nigam, Nuclear Physics Theory and Experiments, Wiley
Eastern, 2000.
5. D.J. Griffiths, Harper & Row, Introduction to elementary particles, Wiley
Eastern, 1987
PH 233 S: SPACE PHYSICS AND PLASMA PHYSICS ( 6L,1T)
Unit I
Basic Plasma Phenomena (6h)
Plasma Concepts – Debye shielding – plasma parameters – Plasma as a fluid - Fluid

equations – Fluid drift perpendicular to B – Fluid drift parallel to B.
[Ref. 1,Ch 1, 2&3].
Waves in plasma (20h)
Plasma oscillations –Electron plasma waves – sound waves – ion waves –

Electrostatic electron oscillations perpendicular to B - Electrostatic ion waves
perpendicular to B – Lower hybrid frequency – Electromagnetic waves perpendicular
to B0 – cut offs and resonances - Electromagnetic waves parallel to B0 –
Hydromagnetic waves – Magnetosonic waves.
Diffusion and Resistivity- Decay of plasma by diffusion – steady state solutions –

Recombinations – Diffusion across a magnetic field – Collisions in fully ionized
plasma – Single fluid MHD equations.
[Ref. 1, Ch. 4 and 5].
Magnetohydrodynamics (10h)
Maxwell’s equations in MHD – MHD Induction equation – Magnetic Reynold’s

number – Momentum equation, Pressure force – Magnetic tension force – Magnetic
Buoyancy – Acoustic waves – Alfven waves – Internal gravity waves – MHD waves –
Whistlers. [Ref. 3, Ch. 9].
UNIT II
Solar Physics (16h)

Solar interior and energy production – Neutrino problem – Helioseismology – solar
activity – sunspot cycle - Sun’s magnetic field – solar rotation - Photosphere –
Chromosphere – Corona – Coronal heating – Solar flares – Solar wind – importance
of solar terrestrial studies.
[Ref. 3; Ch. 6].
Solar wind Physics (16h)
Coronal expansion – Parker’s hydrodynamic theory – solar wind parameters –

interplanetary magnetic field – sector structure – solar wind variations and its
relationship with solar phenomena. [Ref.5 ].
Cosmic rays and energetic particles (4h) Galactic cosmic rays – solar cycle
modulation of galactic cosmic rays – solar energetic particles – Interstellar pick up
ions – Anomalous cosmic rays – Cosmic ray detectors. [Ref.5 ].
UNIT III
Neutral atmosphere (8h) Neutral atmosphere – scale height – Variation of

temperature with altitude – Troposphere – Stratosphere – Mesosphere – Thermosphere
– Heat balance equation – Exosphere. [Ref.7 ].
Ionosphere and Magnetosphere (16h) Ion composition and chemistry – D, E, F1 and

F2 regions – Ionospheric conductivities and currents – Equatorial anomaly.
Magnetosphere, intrinsic magnetic field – Interaction of solar wind with
magnetosphere – Bow shock and magnetopause – Magnetospheric current systems –
Magnetic diffusion – Magnetic reconnection – magnetic activity and substorms –
magnetic storms – geomagnetic activity indices. [Ref.6 ].
Observational technique (12h) Upper atmosphere sensing – direct, indirect and

remote – Direct methods for neutral atmosphere – Direct methods for ionized
component – Langmuir probe – Impedance and resonance probes – Mass
spectrometers – Detectors for energetic particles and radiation environment – Satellite
drag and related methods – Remote sensing of the neutral atmosphere – Remote
sensing by radio propagation – Experimental technique for ionospheric studies –
Ionosonde technique – Incoherent scatter technique. [Ref 4 ,6 & 10. ]
References
1. Chen F. F.: Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Plenum Press.
2. Dendy R. O. : Plasma Dynamics (Clarendon Press, 1990).
3. Tamas I. Gombosi: Physics of the Space Environment ( Cambridge University
Press, 1998)
4. Harra L. K. and Mason K. O.: Space Science ( Imperial College Press)
5. Peter Foukal: Solar Astrophysics (Wiley, 1990)
6. Ratcliffe: Introducion to ionosphere and magnetosphere (CUP,1972)
7. Robert G. Fleagle and Joost A. Businger: An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics,
Academic Press, London, 1971.
8. Banks P. M. and G. Kocharts: Aeronomy, Academic Press, London, 1973.
9. Savindra Singh: Climatology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, 2005.
10. Michael D. Pappagiannis: Space Physics and Space Astronomy, Gordon and
Breach Science Publishers Ltd., 1972.
PH 233 T: THEORETICAL PHYSICS-I ( 6L,1T)
Unit I - Quantum Mechanics( 36 hours)
• Formalism
Linear vector space, linear operators, normed spaces, Hilbert spaces,
self-adjoint operators, representation of operators and states in suitable
basis, spectral properties of self-adjoint operators - spectral theorem.
[Ref 1, 2, 3, 4]
• Groups and Symmetry
Review of groups: Irreducible representations of groups, discrete and
continuous groups, Lie groups, Lie algebra.
how symmetries form a group, unitary and anti-unitary symmetry operators,
Rotation and O(3) group, SU(2) group, angular momentum
algebra, vector operators, Tensor operators, Wigner-Eckart theorem
Discrete symmetries - space and time inversion symmetries. Ref [5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10]
• Relativistic quantum mechanics Lorentz group - generators, representation
of Lorentz group extended by parity and Dirac equation, hydrogen
atom [ Ref 5, 7, 10, 11]
• Field theory
Lagrangian formalism, Noether’s theorem, Hamiltonian density, quantisation
of fields, second-quantization, quantisation of EM field. [ Ref 10]
Unit II
Statistical Physics( 36 hours)
• Stochastic processes
Review of probability and measure, equilibrium vs non-equilibrium,
Brownian motion, Langevin equation, Ito vs Stratanovic, Markov processes,
Fokker-Planck equation, Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem. [Ref 13,
14, 16, 15]
• Special topics in non-equilibrium systems

Einstein diffusion equation - derivation and boundary conditions, free
diffusion in one-dimensional half-space, flourescencemicrophotolysis
[ Ref 13]
Unit III - General relativity (36 hrs)
• Differential geometry
Tensors, diffentiable manifolds, geodesics, curvature, Riemannian tensor
[ Ref 3, 4, 17, 18]
• Relativity
Principle of equivalence, Einstein equations, centrally symmetric gravitational
fields, Schwaarzchild solution, singularities [ Ref 17, 18]
References
[1] F. Scheck, Quantum Physics, Springer (2007).
[2] G. Teschl, Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics, American
Mathematical Society (2009).
[3] P. Szekeres, Modern Mathematical Physics, Cambridge University Press
(2004).
[4] M. T. Vaughn, Introduction to Mathematical Physics, Wiley - VCH Verlag
(2007).
[5] Arfken, Mathematical Physics for Physicists, Academic Press (2013).
[6] J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company (1994).
[7] L. I. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Book Co. (1968).
[8] R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer (1994).
[9] L. E. Ballentine, Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing Co.
(2000).
[10] L. H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory, Cambridge University Press (2008).
[11] J. J. Sakurai, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley (1967).
[12] M. Le Bellac, Quantum and Statistical Field Theory, Oxford University
Press (2001).
[13] K. Schulten and I. Kosztin, Lectures in Theoretical Biophysics, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000).
[14] R. Kubo, M. Toda and N. Hashitsume, Statistical Physics II: None
quilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Springer-Verlag (1985).
[15] G. F. Mazenko, Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Wiley-VCH Verlag
(2006).
[16] V. Balakrishnan, Elements of Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics,

CRC Press (2008).
[17] B. F. Schutz, A First Fourse in General Relativity, Cambridge University
Press (2009).
[18] S. Caroll, Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity,
Addison-Wesley (2004).
[19] A. Altland and B. Simons, Condensed Matter Field Theory, Cambridge
University Press (2008).
[20] J. W. Negele and H. Orland, Quantum Many-particle Systems, Levant

Books (2006).
[21] E. Fradkin, Field Theories of Condensed Matter Systems, Levant Books
(2006).
[22] P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter
Physics, Cambridge University Press (2004).
[23] A. M. Tsvelik, Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics,
Cambridge University Press (2003).
PH 241:CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Unit I
Crystal physics( 10 hours)
Lattice points and space lattice-basis and crystal structure-unit cells and lattice
parameters-symmetry elements in crystals –space groups-Bravais lattice-density and
lattice constant relation-crystal directions.planes and Miller indices-reciprocal lattice-
allotropy and polymorphism in crystals-imperfections in crystals
( Chapter 4 of SO Pillai)
Lattice vibrations and thermal properties ( 10 hours)
Dynamics of identical atoms in crystal lattice-dynamics of linear chain-experimental
measurement of dispersion relation-anharmonicity and thermal expansion-specific
heat of solids-classical model-Einstein’s model-Debye model-thermal conductivity of
solids-role of electrons and phonons-thermal resistance of solids.
( Chapters 7 and 9 of Wahab)
Free electron and band theory( 16 hours)
Elecrons moving in one dimensional potential well-Fermi-Dirac statistics-effect of
temparature on Fermi distribution-electronic specific heat-electrical conductivity of
metals-
Wiedmann- Franz- Lorentz law-electrical resistivity of metals-Hall effect-energy
bands in
solids-Kronig-Penny model-construction of Brillouin zones-nearly free electron
model-conductors,semiconductors and insulators-elementary ideas of Fermi surfaces
( Chapters 10,11 and 12 of Wahab)
Unit II
Semiconductors( 12 hours)
Free carrier concentration in semiconductors-mobility of charge carriers-temparature
effects-
electrical conductivity of semiconductors-Hall effect in semiconductors-
semiconductor
junction properties
( Chapter 13 of Wahab)
Dielectric and magnetic properties of materials( 24 hours)
Dipole moment-polarisation-local electric field in an atom-dielectric constant and its

measurement-polarizability-classical theory-Peizo,Pyro and Ferro electric properties
of
Crystals-Ferreoelectric domains-classification of magnetic materials-atomic theory of
magnetism-Langevins theory-paramagnetism and quantum theory-Weiss molecular
exchange
field-ferromagnetic domains-anti ferromagnetism-Ferrites
( Chapter 14 and 16 of Wahab)
Unit III
Superconductivity( 20 hours)
Experimental attributes to superconductivity-critical temparature,critical current and

critical
magnetic field of superconductors-effects of magnetic field on superconductors-Type
I and II
superconductors-intermediate and vortex states-thermal conductivity,specific heat and
energy
gap in superconductors-microwave and IR properties-coherence length-Theories of
superconductivity-London equations-Ginzberg-Landau theory-BCS theory-AC and
DC
Josephson effects in superconductors- Examples and properties of High Temperature
superconductors
( Chapter 13 of Singh)
Introduction to nano science and technology( 16 hours)
Scope of nano science and technology-nano material preparation techniques-

Lithgraphic and
nonlithographic techniques-sputtering-chemical vapur deposition-pulsed laser
deposition-
molecular beam epitaxy-sol-gel technique-characterisation of nono materials-
scanning probe microscopy-atomic force microscopy-SEM and TEM techniques-
carbon nano structures-elements of nano electronics.
( Chapters 1,7, and 8 of Chattopadhya)
1 S.O.Pillai,Solid State Physics,Third Edition New Age International Pvt Ltd ( 1999)
2. M.A.Wahab,Solid State Physics,Narosa Publishing House ( 1999)
3. R.J.Singh,Solid State Physics ,Dorling Kindersley ( India) Pvt Ltd ( 2012)
4. K.K.Chattopahyay,A.N.Banerjee,Introduction to Nano Science and

NanoTechnology,Prentice Hall of India ( 2009)
References
1. N.W.Ashcroft and N.D.Merwin,Solid State Physics,Cenage Learning India ( 2001)
2. Charles.C.Kittel,Introduction to Solid State Physics,wiley Student Edition ( 2007)
3. M.AliOmar,elementary Solid State Physics,Pearson Education Inc ( 1999)
4.P.Phillips,Advanced Solid State Physics,SecondEdn,Cambridege University Press (
2012)
PH242:NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS ( 6L,1T)

Unit I
Nuclear forces( 10 hours)
Deuteron-neutron –proton scattering and proton-proton scattering at low energies-non
central forces-nuclear exchange force-meson theory of nuclear forces
( Chapter 8 of Tayal)
Nuclear models ( 12 hours)

Detailed studies on liquid drop,shell and collective models of the nuclei.
Nuclear reactions ( 14 hours)
Conservation laws-energetic nuclear reactions-Q value equation-partial wave analysis
of nuclear reaction cross section- compound nuclear hypothesis-resonance reations-
Brot-Wigner one level formula-optical model-theory of stripping reactions.
Unit II
Nuclear fission( 20 hours)
Mechanism of nuclear fission-calculation of critical energy based on liquid drop
model-fission products and energy release-fission chain reactions-neutron cycle and
and four factor formula-general features and classification of nuclear fission reactors
( Chapter 7 of Verma et al)
Nuclear fusion (16 hours)
Nuclear fusion in stellar interiors-proton-proton reactions-carbon-nitrogen cycle-
thermo nuclear reactions in the laboratary-conditions for the construction of nuclear
fusion reactor-critical ignition temperature-Lawson criterian-plasma confinement in
fusion- principles of pinch ,magnetic and inertial confinements
( Chapter 7 of Verma et al)
Unit III
Nuclear detectors and particle accelerators (20 hours)
Gas filled detectors-ionization chamber and proportional counters-GM counter-
scintillation detectors-semiconductor detectors-cerenkov detector-bubble chamber
( Chapter 6 of Verma eta al)
Particle accelerators-electrostatic accelerators-cyclotron accelerators-synchrotrons-
linear accelerators-colliding beam accelarators
( Chapter 15 of Krane)
Elementary particle physics (16 hours)
Elementary particle interactions-symmetries and conservation laws-quark model of
elementary particles-colored quarks and gluons-ideas of charm,beuty and truth-quark
dynamics-ideas of grand unified theories of fundamental forces
( Chapter 18 of Krane)
Books for study
1 D.C.Tayal,Nuclear Physics,5thEdition,Himalaya Publishing Co ( 2008)
2 J.Verma,R.C.Bhandari,D.R.S.Somayajulu,Fundementals of Nuclear
Physics,CBS Publishers and Distributors ( 2005)
3 K.S.Krane,IntroductoryNuclearPhysics,Wiley India Pvt Ltd ( 1988)
References
1 S.B.Patel,Nuclear Physics-An Introduction,New Age International Pvt Ltd ( 1996).
2. B.R.Marhu,Nuclae and Particle Physics- an Introducion,SecondEdition,Wiley (
2012)
3. S.N.Ghoshal,NuclearPhysics,S,Chand Ltd ( 1997)
4.M.P.Khanna,Introduction to Particle Physics,PHI ( 2011)
5. J.Freidberg,Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy,Cambridge University Press ( 2007)
6. FF.Chen,Introduction to Plasma Physics,Springer,London ( 2002).
\
SPECIAL PAPER SYLLABUS : SPECIAL PAPER -II
PH 243 E: ADVANCED ELECTRONICS-II ( 6L,1T)
Unit I
Microprocessor 8086 : Introduction and Programming (18 hours)
Internal architecture of 8086-pin configuration of 8086-memory organization of 8086-
addressing modes of 8086-minimum and maximum mode configurations-instructions
set of 8086-data movment instructions-arithematic and logic instructions-
programming of 8086-flow charts and programming steps
( Chapter 2,3,4 of Sunil Mathur)
Microprocessor interfacing devices and advanced microprocessors( 12 hours)
Programmed I/O –direct memory access-micro controllers-8251A USART-8257
DMA controller-8259A programmable interrupt controller-8279 programmable
keyboard/display interface-analog to digital and digital to analog converters-
advanced microprocessors-80186/80188 high integration 16-bit microprocessors-
80386 and 80386 processors-RISC processors.
( Chapter 6 and 7 of Abishek Yadav)
Elements of embedded systems ( 6hours)

Example of an embedded system-processor chips for embedded applications-a simple
micro controller using embedded systems-embedded processor families
( Chapter 10 of Hamacher et al)
Unit II
Introduction to artificial intelligence and expert systems ( 20 hours)
Overview of artificial intelligence ( AI)-knowledge representation in AI-problem
solving in AI-search methods-predicate and propositional logic-Formal symbolic
logic-LISP and PROLOG basics-network representations of knowledge-natural
language study in AI-Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy logic- Expert systems-rule based expert
systems-nonproduction system architectures-examples of expert systems.
( Chapters 1,2,4,5,7,9,12 & 15 of Patterson; Chapter 1-5 and 8 of Rich and Knight)
Adsvanced artificial intelligence systems ( 16 hours)
Introduction to robotics-artifical intelligence machines-language based and knowledge
based machines-Fuzzy expert systems-fuzzy quantifiers-fuzzy inference-fuzzy rule
based systems-engineering applications of fuzzy logic-applications in power
plants,datamining,image processing and control instrumentation-basic concepts of
artificial neural networks-neural network architectures-learning methods-neural
network systems-ADALINE and MADALINE networks –neural network application
domains.
( Chapter 21 of Rich and Knight,Chapter 16 of Janakiramanetal,Chapters 1 and 7 of
Rajasekaran and Pai,,Chapter 8 of Sivanandan et al)
Unit III
Television (14 hours)
Television broadcasting fundementals-scanning,blanking and synchronizing pulses-
video bandwidth-video signal charecterisitcs-TV broadcasting channels-TV camera
tubes-monochrome TV transmission and reception-color camera tube-color TV
system-advanced TV systems-satellite TV techniques-cable TV system-Digital
colorTV system
( Chapter 1 to 5 of Veera Lakshmi and Srivel)
Radar( 12 hours)
Basic principles of radar-Radar equation-MTI,Pulse and Doppler Radars-Radar signal
analysis-ideas of Radar transomiters and receivers-hyperbolic systems for navigation-
LORAN and DECCA systems.
( Relevant chapters of Skolni,Chapter 4 of Nagaraja)
Satellite communications( 10 hours)
Satellite orbits-Geosynchronous satellites-antenna look angles-satellite classifications-
spacing and frequency allocations-satellite antenna radiation patterns-satellite system
link models –satellite system parameters and link equations ( Chapter 25 of
Tomasi)
Books for study
1 Sunil Mathur,Microprocessor 8086-Architecture,Programming and Interfacing,PHI
learning Pvt Ltd ( 2011)
2. AbishekYadav,Microprocessor 8085 8086,University Science Press,New Delhi (
2008)
3. Carl Hamacher,Z.G.Vranesic,S.G.Zaky,Compter organization,5 thEdition,McGraw
Hill Education ( 2002)
4. V.S.Janakiraman,K.Sarukesi and P.Gopalakrishnan,Foundations of Artificial
Intelligenceand Expert systems,Macmillan Publishers India Ltd ( 2011).
5. E.Rich and K.Knight,ArtificialIntelligence,SecondEdition,Tata McGraw Hill Pub
Co
( 2006),
6. D.W.Patterson,Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems,Prentice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd ( 2001)
7. S.Rajasekharan and G.A.VijalekshmiPai,Neural NetworksFuzzy logic and
Geneticalgorithms,PHI learning PVt Ltd ( 2010).
8.S.N.Sivanandan,S.Sumathi and S.N.Deepa,Introduction to Fuzzy logic
usingMATLAB,Springer ( 2007).\
9. A.Veera Lakshmi and R.Srivel,Television and Radio engineering,AnnBookd Pvt
Ltd
( 2010)
10. Skolini.M.I,Introducion to Radar systems,Thirdediton,Tata Mc GrawHill ( 2001)
11. Nagaraja,Elements of Electronic navigation,Second Edition, Tata Mc GrawHill (
2006).
PH 243 M:MATERIALS SCIENCE –II ( 6L,1T)

Unit I
Functional materials and properties (36 hrs)
Electronic, Magnetic and photonic materials and properties
Electronic materials and properties- Electrical conductivity-Conductivity of metals
and alloys-superconductivity-conduction in ionic materials-semiconductors-
Insulators-dielectrics-polarisation in dielectrics-Electrostriction-piezoelectricity-
piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity-Magnetic materials and properties-Classification
of magnetic materials- -magnetisation-permeability and the magnetic field-
Diamagnetic-paramagnetic-ferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic and super-paramagnetic
materials-Domain structure and the hysteris loop-Curie temperature-Applications of
magnetic materials-Metallic and ceramic magnetic materials-Photonic materials and
properties- Electromagnetic spectrum-Reflection, refraction, absorption and
transmission-Selective absorption and transmission-Emission phenomenon-
luminescent and phosphorescent materials-Fibre optic communication system.
Unit-II-
Nanostructured materials and properties (36 Hrs)
Size and dimensionality effects - size effects - potential wells - partial confinement -
conduction electrons and dimensionality – quantum well-quantum wires-quantum
dots-Fermi gas and density of states - Carbon based nano-materials-Fullerenes-carbon
nanotubes- nanoshells- graphene- biological and smart nanomaterials. Properties of
nanomaterials- elctrical-optical-mechanical-and thermo dynamical properties.
Synthesis of nanomaterials- CVD-Sol-gel-Combustion-hydrothermal- Colloidal
growth-nanotube synthesis-Lithographic process-: Lithography, Nanolithography,
split gate technology, self assembly, limitation of lithographic process.Non-
lithographic techniques: Plasma arc discharge, sputtering, evaporation.Tools of
nanomaterials: X-ray diffraction-FTIR spectroscopy-Raman spectroscopy-Band
assignments-UV-Vis spectroscopy-Determination of band gap-Tauc’s plot –
For qualitative study only(Non evaluative) : Scanning probe microscopy-STM-
AFM- NSOM- Electron Microscopies-TEM-HRTEM and SEM.
Unit III-Nano-electronics (36 Hrs)

Introduction to Nanoelectronics
Properties dependent on density of states - excitons - single-electron tunnelling -
applications infrared detectors - quantum dot lasers-Tunnel junction and application
of tunnelling-Tunneling through a potential barrier, potential energy profiles of
material interfaces, applications of tunnelling. Micro-electromechanical systems
(MEMSs) and Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMSs), Intrduction to Spintronics-
History and overview of spin electronics; Classes of magnetic materials; Quantum
Mechanics of spin; Spin relaxation mechanisms; spin relaxation in a quantum dots.
Qualitative studyonly(Non evaluative)
Resonant Tunnelling Diode, Quantum Cascade lasersSingle electron transistor-:
Coulomb Blockade, single electron transistor, other SET and FET structures.
Molecular Machines, Nano-biometrics- Molecular and Nano-electronics-Microbial
Fuel Cells-Hydrogen storage-Nano medicine-Biological applications-Photonic nano
crystals and integrated circuits-Quantum computers Intrduction to Spintronics- :Spin
Galvanic effect; Spin LEDs: Fundamental and applications, Spin photoelectronic
devices, Electron spin filtering, Materials for spin electronics,. Spin-Valve and spin-
tunneling devices: Read Heads, MRAMS, Field Sensors, Spintronic Biosensors, Spin
transistors, Quantum Computing with spins.
Reference Books
1. The Science and Engineering of Materials: Donald R Askeland and Pradeep P
Phule 6 Edition-Thomson Brooks/Cole.
2. Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices , S.O.Kasap .Tata Mc Graw Hill
3. Crystallography and crystal defects, A. Kelley, G.W. Groves & P. Kidd,

Wiley
4. Crystallography applied to Solid State Physics, A.R. Verma, O.N.

Srivastava, NAI
5. Solid State Physics, A.J.Dekker, Macmillan, (1967).
6. Solid State Physics, S.L. Gupta and V.Kumar, Pragati Prakashan.
7. Introduction to Theory of Solids, H.M. Rosenberg, Prentice Hall.
8. Solid State Physics,J.S. Blakemore, W.B.Saunders & Co. Philadelphia.
9. Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft & N.D. Mermin, Brooks/ Cole (1976).
10. Crystal Defects and Crystal Interfaces, W. Bollmann, Springer Verlag.
11. Elementary solid State physics M.Ali Omar-Pearson
12. Solid State Physics R.J.singh-Pearson
13. Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole, Jr. and Frank J.Owens,

Wiley, (2003) 92
14. Nano The Essential-T Pradeep; Mc Graw Hill Education
15. Nanotechnology An Introduction to Synthesis properties and Applications of
Nanomaterials: Thomas Varghese and K.M.Balakrishna-Atlantic Publishers.
16. MEMS/NEMS: micro electro mechanical systems/nano electro mechanical

systems Volume1, Design Methods, Cornelius T.Leondes, Springer, (2006).
17. Mick Wilson, Kamali Kannangara, Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons and
Burkhard Raguse “Nanotechnology”, Overseas Press New Delhi 2005
18. W. R. Fahrner (Ed.) “Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics”, Springer 2006.
S. Bandyopadhyay, M. Cahay
PH 243 N : RADIATION PHYSICS (6L,1T)
Unit –I
Interaction of radiation with matter ( 36 hours)
Ionizing radiations, terrestrial sources, extraterrestrial sources, non-ionizing
radiations, natural and man-made sources, interaction of radiation with matter, energy
loss rate, bremstrahlung, range energy relation, stopping power, photoelectric
absorption, Compton scattering, pair production, properties of gamma gays and
neutrons.
Particle flux and fluenc, Energy flux and fluence , Cross section, Linear and mass
attenuation coefficients , Mass energy transfer and mass energy absorption
coefficients, Stopping power – Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - Weighing Factors(W-
values), Radiation and tissue weighting factors, absorbed dose- equivalent dose,
effective dose, committed equivalent dose, committed effected dose – Concept of
KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released per unit Mass)
Unit II
Radioactivity, detection and dosimetry ( 36 hours)
Law of radioactive decay, half life, mean life, specific activity, successive
disintegration, radioactive equilibriums, age of minerals and rocks, α-decay: barrier
penetration, range energy relationship, β decay: Fermi theory, parity violation, Kurie-
plot, γ-decay, radiative transitions in nuclei, selection rules.
Thermo luminescent Dosimeters (TLD) – Optically stimulated Luminescence
dosimeters (OSLD) –Neutron Detectors – Nuclear track emulsions for fast neutrons –
Solid State Nuclear track (SSNTD) detectors, Radon dosimetry, Instruments for
personnel monitoring – TLD badge readers – Digital pocket dosimeters using solid
state devices and GM counters - Contamination monitors for alpha, beta and gamma
radiation – Scintillation monitors for X and gamma radiations - Neutron Monitors,
Tissue equivalent survey meters – Flux meter and dose equivalent monitors – Pocket
neutron monitors
Unit III
Biological effects of radiation ( 36 hours)
Somatic effects of radiation – Physical factors influencing somatic effects –
Dependence on dose, dose rate, type and energy of radiation - Acute radiation
sickness – Effects of chronic exposure to radiation – Induction of leukemia –
Radiation Carcinogenesis – Risk of carcinogenesis – Genetic effects of radiation –
Factors affecting frequency of radiation induced mutations – Dose-effects relationship
– first generation effects – Effects due to mutation of recessive characteristics –
Genetic burden – Prevalence of hereditary diseases and defects – Spontaneous
mutation rate – Concept of doubling dose and genetic risk estimate.
Books for study

1. G.F. Knoll, Radiation detection and Measurement, John Wiley & Sons, 2000
2. K. Thayalan, Basic Radiological Physics, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New
Delhi,2003
3. Alan Martin and Samuel A. Harbison, An Introduction to radiation Protection
Third edition,
Chapman and Hall, New York 1986
References
1. R.R. Roy & B P Nigam, Nuclear Physics Theory and Experiments, Wiley Eastern,
2000
2. UNSCEAR Report, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation, 2008.
PH 243 S: ADVANCED ASTROPHYSICS ( 6L,1T)

UNIT I
General features of observational astronomy ( 36 hours)
Emergence of modern astronomy - Astronomy in different bands of electromagnetic
radiation.Celestial co-ordinates – Spherical coordinates – Altazimuth system – Local
equatorial system – universal equatorial system – Ecliptic system – Galactic
coordinates – conversion of coordinates.Apparent luminosity of stars – measurement
of apparent luminosity –various magnitude systems – correction for apparent
magnitude.Stellar distances and absolute luminosities – measurement of distances
within the solar system – trigonometric parallaxes of stars – method of measurement
of luminosity -.surface temperature of stars – spectral classification of stars-stellar
magnetic fields.[Ref. 1]
UNIT II
Stellar physics and Stellat evolution ( 36 hours)
Theory of radiative transfer – Radiative transfer equation – Thermodynamic
equilibrium – radiative transfer through stellar atmosphere – formation of spectral
lines-Basic equation of stellar structure – Hydrostatic equilibrium in stars – Virial
theorem – energy transport inside stars – convection inside stars – stellar models –
some relations among stellar quantities – determination of stellar parameters – main
sequence – red giants and white dwarfs
Nucleosynthesis and Nuclear reactions in stars – calculation of nuclear reaction rates –
Important nuclear reactions in stellar interiors – Helioseismology – solar neutrino
experiments – Stellar evolution – Evolution of binary systems – mass loss from stars –
stellar winds-Stellar collapse – Degeneracy pressure of Fermi gas – structure of white
dwarfs – Chandrasekhar limit – neutron stars – pulsars – binary X – ray sources.
accretion disks.[Ref. 2]
UNIT III
Galactic Physics and elements of Cosmology ( 36 hours)
Normal galaxies – morphological classification - physical characteristics and
kinematics – expansion of the universe – active galaxies – super luminal motion in
quasars – black hole as central engine – unification scheme – cluster of galaxies –
large scale distribution of galaxies – gamma ray bursts.
Space time dynamics of the universe – general relativity – the metric of the universe –
Friedman equation for the scale factor – cosmic background radiation – evolution of
matter dominated universe – evolution of radiation dominated universe.Primordial
nucleosynthesis – cosmic neutrino background – nature of dark matter. [Ref. 2,3 &4]
References
1. Abhyankar K. D. - Astrophysics Stars and Galaxies,Universities Press.
2. Arnab Rai Choudhuri - Astrophysics for Physicists, Cambridge University
Press.
3. Padmanabhan T. – Theoretical Astrophysics, Cambridge University Press.
4. Narlikar J. B.- Introduction to Cosmology, Cambridge University Press.
PH 243 T;THEORETICAL PHYSICS – II (6L,1T)
Unit I
Functional Integrals in Physics( 36 hours)
• Functionals
Function vs functional, functional derivatives, functional integration,
Guassian integrals [ Ref 19, 20, 21, 22]
• Path integrals in quantum mechanics

– Single particle systems- Feynman path integral, propagator as a
functional integral, Born approximation, Coulomb scattering,
– Many particle systems - Second quantization, coherent states and
many-body path integrals, field integral for the quantum partition
function.
– Quantum Fields - Path integrals for fields, functionals for bosonic
andfermionic fields, generating functions for free and interacting
fields, Wick’s theorem, Perturbation theory. [ Ref 8,13,14,17,10, 20,
21, 23]
Unit II
Many particle physics( 36 hours)
• Broken symmetry and collective phenomena

Mean field theory, Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, superconductivity,
interacting electron gas and disorder
• Response functions
Linear response theory, analytic structure of correlation functions, electromagnetic
linear response
Unit III
Critical phenomena ( 36 hrs)
Continuous phase transitions, critical behaviour, scaling, renormalization
group, Ising model, RG analysis of ferromagnetic transition.
[ Ref 19, 22]
References
[1] F. Scheck, Quantum Physics, Springer (2007).

[2] G. Teschl, Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics, American
Mathematical Society (2009).
[3] P. Szekeres, Modern Mathematical Physics, Cambridge University Press
(2004).
[4] M. T. Vaughn, Introduction to Mathematical Physics, Wiley - VCH Verlag
(2007).
[5] Arfken, Mathematical Physics for Physicists, Academic Press (2013).
[6] J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company (1994).
[7] L. I. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Book Co. (1968).
[8] R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer (1994).
[9] L. E. Ballentine, Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing Co.
(2000).
[10] L. H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory, Cambridge University Press (2008).
[11] J. J. Sakurai, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley (1967).
[12] M. Le Bellac, Quantum and Statistical Field Theory, Oxford University
Press (2001).
[13] K. Schulten and I. Kosztin, Lectures in Theoretical Biophysics, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000).
[14] R. Kubo, M. Toda and N. Hashitsume, Statistical Physics II: None
quilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Springer-Verlag (1985).
[15] G. F. Mazenko, Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Wiley-VCH Verlag
(2006).
[16] V. Balakrishnan, Elements of Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics,
CRC Press (2008).
[17] B. F. Schutz, A First Fourse in General Relativity, Cambridge University
Press (2009).
[18] S. Caroll, Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity,
Addison-Wesley (2004).
[19] A. Altland and B. Simons, Condensed Matter Field Theory, Cambridge
University Press (2008).
[20] J. W. Negele and H. Orland, Quantum Many-particle Systems, Levant
Books (2006).
[21] E. Fradkin, Field Theories of Condensed Matter Systems, Levant Books
(2006).
[22] P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter
Physics, Cambridge University Press (2004).
[23] A. M. Tsvelik, Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics,
Cambridge University Press (2003).
PH 251: GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICALS
( Total of 10 experiments to be done from Section A and B)
Section A( at least 5 experiments to be done in this section)
1. Determinationof elastic constantsby Cornu’s method ( elliptical and hyperbolic
fringes)
2.Analysis of absorption spectra of liquids using spectrometer
3. Study of ultrasonic waves in liquids
4. Determination of e/k using Ge and Si transistors
5 Anderson Bridge –determination of self and mutual inductance
6. Michelson Interferometer experiments
7. Identification of Fraunhofer lines in solar spectra
8. Verification of Richardson’s equation using diode valve
9.LED experiments (a) wavelength determination (b) I-V characteristics (c) output
power variations with applied voltage etc.
10. Thermal diffusivity of brass
Section B( at least 2 experiments to be done from this section)
1. BH curve-anchor ring
2. Study of photoelectric effect and determination of of Planck’s constant
3. Determination of Stefan’s constant
4. Experiments using Laser:
(a) Laser beam characteristics ( b) Diffraction grating (c) Diffraction at different
types of slits and apertures ( d) refractive index of liquids (e) particle size
determination
5. Youngs modulus of different materials using strain gauge
6. Determination of magnetic force in a current carrying conductor
7. Optical fibre characteristics
8. Cauchy’s constants of liquids and liquid mixtures using hollow prism and
spectrometer
9.Surface tension of a liquid using Jaeger’s method
10 Expriments using Phoenix Kit
(a) Capacitor charging/discharging experiments (b) Dielctric constant of glass
PH 252 Electronics and Computer Science Practicals
Unit I – Electronics Experiments ( A total of 10 experiments to be done)
Secion A( atleast 5 experiments to be done)
1. Single stage CE amplifier –Design and study of frequency response
2. Study of RC Phase shift oscillator circuits using Transistors
3. Construction and study of Astablemultivibrator and VCO circuits using Transistors
4. Study of OP Amp circuits (a) summing amplifier (b)difference amplifier (c) zero
cross detector etc
5. OP Amp as an integrator and differentiator
6. Characteristics of JFET and MOSFET
7. Characteristics of SCR
8. Design and study of negative feedback amplifier circuits
9. Study of Clipping and Clamping circuits
10. UJT Characteristics and UJT relaxation Oscillator
Section B( at least 3 experiments to be done)
1. Emitter follower and source follower circuits
2. Weinberg oscillator using OP Amp
3. SR and JK Flip Flops -construction using Logic Gates and study of truth tables
4. Study of the frequency response of a tuned amplifier
5. Study of power amplifier circuits
6. Frequency multiplier using PLL
7 Study of Schmitt trigger circuits
8. Construction and study of acascode amplifier circuit using transistors.
9. Simple electronics experiments using Phoenix and Python based Kits.
Unit II Comptuter Programming
( A minimum of 8 experiments to be done,programs should be written in C++
language)
1. Least square fitting
2. First derivative of tabulated function by difference table
3. Numerical integration ( Trapezoidal rule and Simson method)
4. Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations using Newton-Ralphson method
5. Solution of algebraic equations using bisection method
6. Numerical interpolation using Newton and Lagrangian methods
7. Monte Carlo simulation
8. Evaluation of Bessel and Legendre functions
9. Matrix addition,multiplication ,trace,transpose and inverse
10. Fourier series analysis
11.Study of motion of projectile in a central force field
12. Study of Planetary motion and Kepler’s laws
PH 261 Advanced Physics Practicals
( A total of 10 experiments to be done)
Unit I: Physics experiments
Section A( atleast 5 experiments to be done)
1. e/m of an electron-Thompson’s method
2. Charge of an electron-Millikan’s method
3. Determination of Fermi energy of Copper
4. Study of variation of resistance of a semiconductor with temperature and
determination of
band gap
5. Magnetic Suceptibility of a liquid using Quincke’s method

6. Ferromagnetic studies using Guoy’s method
7. Hall effect in a semiconductor
8. Rydberg constant deterimination using grating,spectrometer and discharge tubes.
9. Thermo-emf of bulk samples like Al,Cu.Brass etc.
Section B ( at least two experiments to be done)
1. Electrical characteristics of a solar cell
2. Studies usingUV visible spectrophotometer
3. Refractive index of liquids and liquid mixtures using Abbe’s refractometer
4. Optical activity studies using Polarimeters
5.Determination of temperature characteristics of a Flame
(a) Candle flame using digital photography and image analysis
(b) sodium flame in comparison with incandescent lamp using a spectrometer
6. LDR and photodiode characteristics
7. Simple experiments using GM counter
8. Determination of dielectric constant of materials
9. Experimental determination of Avogadro’s number using an electrochemical cell
10 Study of arc spectra and hydrogen spectra using an imager ( CCD) and
photoelectric/electronic recorder.
Unit II: Data Anaysis( Five experiments to be done)
1. Analysis of the given band spectrum

2. Analysis of given rotation-vibration spectrum
3. Interpretation vibration spectra of simple molecules using Raman and IR spectra
4. Dissociation energy of diatomic molecules
5. Analysis of powder XRD data
6. Study of stellar spectral classification from low dispersion stellar spectra
7. Study of HR diagram of stars
8. Radioactive material counting statistics
9. Interpretation of UV- visible spectra of materials
10. Weather and astronomy related image processing
PH 262 E Advanced Electronics Paracticals

Unit I-ELECTRONICS( a total of seven experiments to be done)
Section A ( at least 5 experiments to be done)
1. Study of active filters using OP amps (a) low pass ( b) high pass ( c) band pass
for both first order and second order-gain/ roll off determination
2. Wave form generation using OP amp circuits:

(a) astable and monostablemultivibrators (b) square,triangular and saw-tooth wave
generation
3. IC 555 timer experiments (a) monsostable and astablemultivibrators( b) VCO
4. D/A convertor circuits using OP Amp 741
5. Differential amplifier circuits using transistors
6. Design of series pass voltage regulators using ( a) transistors with load and line
regulation
( b) OP Amp
Section B( at least 2 experiments to be done)
1 Study of IF tuned amplifier and Amplitude modulation ( generation and detection)

using
transistor,diode etc.
2. Frequency modulator and detector circuits.
3. Pulse modulation circuits using 555 timer (a) PAM (b) PWM
4. Digital modulation circuits (a) BFSK generation using 555 timer (b) BFSK detector
using
555 timer and PLL (c) BPSK generation
5. Shift register and ring counter circuits using flip flops

6. Miscellaneous transistor applications (a) automatic night light with LDR
(b) invertor circuit ( transistors as a switch) (c) time delay circuit using SCR
7. BCD to decimal decoder and seven segment display using IC
8 Design of Electronic counters ( up and down counters)
Unit II: Micorprocessor Based Experiments

( Five experiments to be done)
1. 8085 /8086 program to find out largest from a group of 8bit/16 bit numbers
2. Square wave generation using 8255A interface using 8085/8086
3. 8086 program for block additions
4. Interfacing LED display board with 8085/8086
5. 8086 program to convert binary to ASII and ASII to BCD
6. 8086 program to arrange a given data in ascending and decending order
7. 8086-simple traffic light controller
8. 8086 program for binary to BCD conversion and vice versa
9. Program of Fibonacci series using 8086

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UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

Revised Syllabus for

(with effect from 2014 admissions)

Total for Semester I (S1) 18 5 7 … 75 225 300

PH 221 Modern Optics & 6 1 … 3 25 75 100

Total for Semester II (S2) 18 5 7 … 125 375 500

Total for Semester III (S3) 18 5 7 … 75 225 300

PH 241 Condesed Matter Physics 6 1 … 3 25 75 100

Total for Semester IV (S4) 18 5 7 … 150 550 700

Grand Total 72 20 28 … 425 1375 1800

* 10 marks for records X: E ( Electronics),M( Materials Science)

4. SPACE PHYSICS PH 233 S Space Physics and Plasma

5.THEORETICAL PH 233 T Theoretical Physics-1

C-2 Lab Courses

C4-Project work and Project Evaluation

D Pattern of UniversityQuestion papers

D-1 Theory Papers

For University Examinations: 50 marks for Project Dissertation/report evaluation

( University Question Paper pattern given separately)

Instructions to question paper

Hamilton-Jacobi equations( 10 hours)

PH 213:BASIC ELECTRONICS ( 6L,1T)

PH 221 MODERN OPTICS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY( 6L,1T)

Radio wave propagation through earth’s atmosphere( 12 hours)

PH 222: THERMODYNAMICS,STATISTICAL PHYSICS AND BASIC

PH 223:COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES ( 6L,1T)

Foundations of computer science( 12 hours)

Introduction to computers-computer architecture-memory and storage-I/O devices-

(Chapter 1 and 3-15 of ITL Education solutions)

Introduction to Python Programming (10 hours)

Python programming basics –strings-numbers and operators-variables-functions-

( Chapter 1 to 9 of Peter Norton et al)

Introduction to microprocessors ( 12 hours)

Features of C++-basic structure of C++ programs-header files-in and out functions-

( Chapters 4,5,6,7,8,9,11 and 12 of Vedamurty and Iyengar)

Books for study

1 ITL Education Solutions Ltd,Introducion to Computer

2 V.N.Vedamurty and N.Iyengar,NumericalMethods,Vikas Publishing Pvt Ltd (

5 AbishekYadav,Microprocessor 8085 8086,University Science Press,New Delhi

6 D.Ravichandran,Programming in C++,Tata Mc Graw Hill (2011 )

7 M.T.Somasekhara,Programming in C++, PHI Pvt Publishing ( 2005)

1. V.Rajaraman,Fundementals of Computers,5thEdition,PHI ( 2010)

2. R.S.Gaonkar,Microprocessor-Architecture,Programming and Applications with

3. S.S.Sastry,Introductory method of Nuimerical analysis,5thedition,PHI ( )

4. P.Ghosh,NumericalMethodswith computer programs in C++,PHI learning Pvt

5. BjorneStroustrup,The C++ Programming Lanuguage ,4thEdition,Addison

Angular momentum( 12 hours)

PH 232:ADVANCED SPECTROSCOPY ( 6l,1T)

General tools of experimental spectroscopy( 14 hours)

General components of absorption measurements-dispersing elements-prisms-grating

Molecular symmetry( 10 hours)

Symmetry operators-symmetry elements-algebra of symmetry operations-

Molecular rotational spectroscopy( 12 hours)

Vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules-charestrisitic IR spectra-vibrations of

Electronic spectra of molecules( 12 hours)

Raman spectroscopy( 12 hours)

Theory of Raman scattering-rotational and vibrational Raman spectra-Raman

( Chapter 8 and 15 of Aruldas)

Photoelectron and Photo-accousticspectroscopy( 16 hours)