ABSTRACT

The use of sand (river sand) plays a major role in all type of construction, especially in cement
concrete & cement mortar. The ultimate aim of the saw dust concrete is to recycle the waste
material from saw mill & utilizing in concrete ingredients in the state of partial replacement.
Sequentially, the shortage of river sand is partially rectified by the replacement of sawdust for
the sand. So, the river sand abundantly gets destructed due to the huge consumption. To enhance
the progress of river sand, we prefer a scope on saw dust concrete. In this project, we introduce
two reproductive form of sawdust, and we named as Dry Sawdust (DSD) and Sawdust Ash
(SDA). Dry sawdust was used partially replacement for fine aggregate and Sawdust Ash was
used for partially replacement for cement. Dry Sawdust & Sawdust Ash were mixed with
concrete separately, in this study, totally 16 mortar cubes & 48 concrete cubes are casted. And
these are subjected to test, such as Slump test & Compressive test, then it is compared with
normal mix of concrete & mortar. The application of saw dust mix for residential building
structural member such as column, beam, slab and foundation and plastering are also elicited.
The study brings out the fact that it also more economical than the typical cement concrete

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INTRODUCTION
Concrete is known to be the most widespread structural material due to its quality to shape up in
various geometrical configurations. In some conditions, one might assume that normal weight
concrete is inconvenient due to its density (2200-2400kg/m3). Replacing partially, the normal
weight aggregate concrete with lower weight aggregates produces lightweight aggregate
concrete.

Large increasing amount in the population of the world requires larger establishment of the
settlement. Thus new techniques and materials should be developed to construct new buildings.
Besides large number of the settlement security of those building against natural disaster is the
durability of the construction and also thermal conductivity.

Lightweight concrete (LWC) is a very versatile material for construction, which offers a range
of technical, economic and environment-enhancing and preserving advantages and is destined to
become a dominant material for construction in the new millennium . With the increasing high
building construction, the construction weight becomes important and this problem can be solved
using lightweight concrete. On the other hand lightweight concrete is its low density, allowing
construction on ground with only moderate bearing capacity, the need for less reinforcement.

Structural lightweight aggregate concrete is an important and versatile material in modern

construction. It has many and varied applications: multistory building frames and floors, curtain
walls, shell roofs, folded plates, bridges, pre stressed or precast elements of all types, and others.
In many cases the architectural expression form combined with functional design can be
achieved more readily in structural lightweight concrete than in any other medium.

Sawdust has been used in concrete, but not widely. Although seriously limited by its low
compressive strength. It has serious limitations that must be understood before it is put to use.
Within these limitations, the advantages that sawdust concrete are offers considerable reduction
in weight of the structure, thereby reducing the dead loads transmitted to the foundation, high
economy when compared to and normal weight concrete.

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SAWDUST

Sawdust is the waste material from the timber saw mills. Where the timbers are sawed for the
specific purpose and the waste powder which extract from them is called saw dust.

The sawdust is acquired in abundance in tropical countries. This sawdust is used as fuel
limitedly. The main method of disposal is by open burning method.

In some countries, the usage of sawdust for the construction has been in process for several years
ago. This is the light weight material which can be carried easily. The physical and chemical
properties of the sawdust will not be same and it will be varies from one tree to another tree. In
this project, the sawdust is carried out from sawmill in two forms

 Powder form
 Chips form

The powder form sawdust is used for replacement of fine aggregate with some treatment; this is
named as Dry Sawdust. The chips form or skin form of sawdust is used to replacement for
cement after a burning process this form of sawdust is named as Sawdust Ash.

SAW DUST CHIPS

SAW DUST
POWDER

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SAWDUST MORTAR
By using the Dry sawdust we may prepare the mortar which is made by mixing the sawdust with
sand and cement at certain ratio. According to the ratio of adding Dry Sawdust, the strength of
the mortar will be varied.

SAWDUST CONCRETE
The concrete which is made by addition of sawdust is called sawdust concrete. In this type of
concrete the Dry Sawdust is replaced partially for the aggregate and Sawdust Ash was replaced
partially for the cement. 666 IJS

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ADVANTAGES

Some of the advantages of sawdust Concrete under certain conditions are its cheapness, light
weight, nail-holding ca- pacity, insulation value, and resistance to freezing, burning, and
termites.

Dry sawdust-concrete varies in weight from 40 pounds to 70 pounds per cubic foot. This
advantage of light weight may be utilized best as a fill in ceilings or roofs where some insulation
without excess weight is required in a solid material.

The insulating value is similar to that of wood, varying considerably with the mixing
proportions, weight, and moisture content. For average mixes its insulating value is ten or fifteen
times as great as that of the usual mixes of concrete. Thus for walls or floors of poultry houses or
hog houses sawdustconcrete may present a definite advantage.

Its nail-holding capacity is some- what inferior to that of wood but far better than that of plaster
or masonry. Reports from various sources have indicated results from good to very poor.
Naturally the mixing proportions are an important factor.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

 THE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT-SAWDUST MORTARS, PLAIN AND WITH

VARIOUS ADMIXTURES by S. H. GRAF and R. H. JOHNSON Bulletin Sen , No. 3
September, 1930

Engineering Experiment Station Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis.

Published by authority of the State Board of Higher Education

This investigation covers the practicability of using sawdust in Portland cement mortar and
includes the effect of incorporating sand and certain other materials into the mixtures. From a
consideration of the uses for which this material may be employed, the more important
properties are the compressive and tensile strengths and the thermal conductivity.

 SAWDUST ASH (SDA) AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT by

C.MARTHONG, Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Shillong Polytechnic,
Meghalaya, India, 793008.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (ijera) vol. 2, issue4, July-
august 2012, pp.1980-1985

Important oxide content was 65.45% by weight of SDA and has a pH value of 11.12, which
shows that it’s alkaline in nature. This shows that SDA has a significant physical and
chemical property that encourages its uses as a pozzolanas.

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 INVESTIGATIONS ON SAWDUST AND PALM KERNEL SHELLS AS
AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT by F.A. OLUTOGE

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeri

A possibility exists for the partial replacement of sand and granite with sawdust and palm
kernel shell in the production of lightweight concrete slabs. Organic materials are subjected
to deterioration over time hence sawdust and palm kernel shell concrete applications should
be regularly maintained and replaced when necessary.

 DEVELOPMENT OF SAWDUST CONCRETE FOR BLOCK MAKING by Dr. R. SRI

RAVINDRARAJAH Centre for Infrastructure Research, University of Technology,
Sydney, Australia

Sawdust is an ideal filler material to produce lightweight concrete blocks. Optimum mix
proportions may depend on sawdust type 667 IJSER

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAWDUST ASH

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRY SAWDUST

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BENEFITS OF SAWDUST CONCRETE

1. Sawdust concrete is made of green, ecologically pure stuff.

2. Sawdust Concrete controls interior humidity level.
3. Sawdust Concrete is frost proof.
4. Sawdust Concrete has favorable thermal and soundproofing properties.
5. Sawdust Concrete is not subject to mold and fungi.
6. Sawdust Concrete is light weight.
7. It is an economical alternative to conventional building concrete method and materiall.
8. Due to material’s inert nature, it does not react with any ingredients of concrete and steel.
9. It can save labor and natural resources.
10. At the end of its initial service life, concrete can be crushed and reused as aggregate for
new concrete continuing the cycle of environmental benefits.

Larger volume of concrete can be handled by lighter equipment with less wear and tear on the
equipment

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PRELIMINARY TEST

 TEST ON SAWDUST ASH

1. FINENESS OF CEMENT WITH SDA

AIM

To determine the fineness of cement with partially replacement of Sawdust Ash.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

90 micron sieve

weighing balance

PROCEDURE

1.) 100g of sample is taken and sieved through a 90 micron sieve in a sieve shaker for about 15
min.

2.)The weight of residue on sieve is taken.

3.)From these data the fineness of cement with Sawdust Ash is determined.

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  TEST ON DRY SAWDUST
.
2. SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FOR DRY SAWDUST

AIM

To determine the specific gravity of Dry Sawdust by using pycnometer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Pycnometer
Weight balances

PROCEDURE

A. The empty weight of the apparatus is taken (W1)

B. The one- third of apparatus is filled by Dry Sawdust and its weight is measured (W2)
C. The apparatus is then filled with water and the weight of the apparatus, Dry Sawdust and
the water together is measured (W3)
D. The apparatus is then emptied and filled entirely with water and its weight is measured
(W4)
E. Form the above measurements the specific specific gravity of sand is determined.

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 3. SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR DRY SAWDUST

AIM

To classify the Dry Sawdust according to the grading limits.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

IS Sieves of various sizes

PROCEDURE

1. About 1kg of Dry Sawdust sample is taken in the set of IS sieve from 4.75mm trough 150
micron and sieved in a sieve for 15 min.
2. The weight of Dry Sawdust retained on each sieve noted
3. The cumulative percentage passing in determined.
4. This is compared with the following table and the sand is zoned accordingly.

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 4. DENSITY TEST FOR DRY SAWDUST

AIM

To determine the density of the Dry Sawdust by using Density test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

A unit (or) Mould of size 10cm X 10cm X 10cm

Weight balance.

PROCEDURE

A. Take the mould with known dimension and it is cleaned well

B. Fill the Dry Sawdust thoroughly in the mould.
C. The weight of the Dry Sawdust in the mould is measured by weighing balance.
D. The density of Dry Sawdust is calculated.

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  TESTS ON SAWDUST CONCRETE

1. SLUMP TEST ON FRESH CONCRETE

AIM

To study of the workability of concrete of given mixture by determining the slump value of
concrete mixture for various percentage of water content.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Slump cone

Weighing balance with weight ¸

Measuring scale

Measuring jar

Trowel and

Tamping rod

PROCEDURE

A. The slump cone is placed on a water tight leveled platform and fresh concrete is
placed in three layers.
B. Each layer is tamped with 25 blows with rounded end tamping rod of steel of 16mm
diameter 60mm long
C. After filling the slump cone, the cone is gently and vertically raised, the concrete is
allowed to settle under its own weight,
D. The vertical distance from the original level to the new level after subsidence is
measured. This is called slump and is measured in mm
E. he above procedure is repeated for various other water cement ratio.

While conducting slump test, cone often comes in the following types of cones:

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TRUE SLUMP

In this cone the mixture subsides uniformly and cohesively. This type of slump in
normally obtained in rich mixture and where the proportion of fine aggregate is
higher.

SHEAR SLUMP

Here half of the cone shears off along the inclined plane while the other half is true
slump. This normally happens in mixes such as 1:6 or 1:8 and the slump is measured
from the level of the cone to the center of the shear plane. The shear slump is
obtained in the first instance. The test should be repeated at least once.

COLLAPSE SLUMP

In this type of slump concrete first collapses and spreads over a larger area. This
phenomenon normally occurs in wet mixture.

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 2. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR SAWDUST CONCRETE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR SAWDUST CONCRETE

AIM

To determine the compressive strength of concrete cubes

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Moulds size of 10 cm X 10 cm X 10 cm

Weight balance

Trowel

Tray (or) a unit for volume batch.

UTM ( Universal Testing Machine)

PROCEDURE

A. Volume of the moulds is calculated and concrete is prepared in the mix ratio 1:1.5:3
(M20 Grade)
B. Concrete is place inside the moulds in three layers by giving 25 times tamping and it is
given perfect finish
C. The cube is placed in a UTM after 7th, 21st and 28th days of curing and the load is
applied until the failure of the cubes
D. Then the compressive strength of the cube of the cube is calculated and the average is
taken.

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 3. DENSITY TEST FOR SAWDUST CONCRETE

AIM

To determine the density of the concrete.

APPARATUS REQUIRED ¸

Mould of size 10cm X 10cm X 10cm ¸

Weight balance.

PROCEDURE ¸

A. Prepare the concrete cubes of size 10cm X 10cm X10cm ¸

B. After the 28th day of curing,
C. weight of cube is measured by using weight balance.

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REFERENCE

Graf. S. H and Johnson. R. H., “The Properties of Cement-Sawdust Mortars, Plain, and with
Various Admixtures”, 1930. ¸

Layla Muhsan Hasan Bdeir., “Study Some Mechanical Properties of Mortar with Sawdust as a
Partially Replacement of Sand”, Anbar Journal for Engineering Sciences

www.elsevier.comlocate/buildenv

www.arpnjournals.com

www.ijera.com

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