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    Extended Range of Voltmeter & Ammeter

    Uploaded by

    Rutvik Bhelonde
    The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Extended Range of Voltmeter & Ammeter

    Uploaded by

    Rutvik Bhelonde
    4K views4 pages
    The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

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    Extended range of voltmeter & ammeter

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    Extended range of voltmeter & ammeter

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    The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views4 pages

    Extended Range of Voltmeter & Ammeter

    Uploaded by

    Rutvik Bhelonde
    The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

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    Experiment No.

    Aim:- Extension of instrument range: Ammeter , Voltmeter

    Appratus:- Resistance , Ammeter, Voltmeter

    Theory:-

    (1) Ammeter Shunts


    The moving-coil instrument has a coil wound with very fine wire. It can carry only few mA safely
    to give full-scale deflection. For measuring higher current, a low resistance is connected in parallel
    to the instrument to bypass the major part of the current. The low resistance connected in parallel
    with the coil is called a shunt. Figure 2.12 shows a shunt resistance Rsh connected in parallel with
    the basic meter.

    Figure 2.12 Extension of PMMC ammeter using shunt


    The resistance of the shunt can be calculated using conventional circuit analysis.
    Rsh = shunt resistance (Ω)

    Rm = coil resistance (Ω)

    Im = Ifs = full-scale deflection current (A)

    1sh = shunt current (A)

    I = current to be measured (A)


    The voltage drop across the shunt and the meter must be same as they are connected in parallel
    From Eq. (2.25),

    The ratio of the total current to the current in the meter is called multiplying power of
    shunt. Multiplying power,

    I/P Current Deflection Multiplier O/P Current


    (2) Voltmeter Multipliers:-
    For measuring higher voltages, a high resistance is connected in series with the instrument to limit the
    current in the coil to a safe value. This value of current should never exceed the current required to
    produce the full scale deflection. The high resistance connected in series with the instrument is called
    a multiplier. In Figure 2.13, Rsc is the multiplier.

    Figure 2.13 Extension of PMMC voltmeter using multiplier


    The value of multiplier required to extend the voltage range, is calculated as under:
    Rsc = multiplier resistance (Ω)

    Rm = meter resistance (Ω)

    Im = Ifs = full scale deflection current (A)

    v = voltage across the meter for producing current Im (A) V = voltage to be measured

    V = ImRm
    V = Im(Rm + Rsc)

    Now multiplying factor for multiplier


    I/P Voltage Deflection Multiplier O/P Voltage

    Sensitivity :-
    The moving-coil instrument is a very sensitive instrument. It is, therefore, widely used for measuring
    current and voltage.The coil of the instrument may require a small amount of current (in the range of
    µA) for full-scale deflection. The sensitivity is sometimes expressed in ohm/volt. The sensitivity of a
    voltmeter is given by

    where Ifs is the full-scale deflecting current. Thus, the sensitivity depends upon on the current to give
    full-scale deflection.

    Conclusion:-

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