Pe Wall Climbing Ctto

WALL CLIMBING
 AN INCREASINGLY POPULAR FORM OF ROCK CLIMBING PERFORMED ON ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES THAT

ATTEMPTS TO MIMIC THE EXPERIENCE OF OUTDOOR ROCK CLIMBING IN A MORE CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.
 AS A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, IT OFFERS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR PERSONAL CHALLENGE AND BENEFITS OUR BODY BY
IMPROVING OUR OVERALL PHYSICAL FITNESS.
 FREQUENT EXPOSURE TO THIS ACTIVITY WILL DEVELOP ONE’S STRENGTH, FLEXIBILITY, BALANCE AND
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE.
EARLY HISTORY
 THE CONCEPT OF THE ARTIFICIAL CLIMBING WALL BEGAN IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
 FIRST CLIMBING WALL WAS CREATED IN 1964 AT LEEDS UNIVERSITY.
 DOUG ROBINSON, A LECTURER IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FOUNDER OF DR CLIMBING WALLS,

SPEARHEADED THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST CLIMBING WALL BY INSERTING PIECES OF ROCK INTO A
CORRIDOR WALL.
Doug Robinson
 FIRST COMMERCIAL WALL WAS BUILT IN SHETFIELD.
 GYM CLIMBING IS NOW BECOMING AN INCREASINGLY POPULAR URBAN SPORT AND PROVIDES MANY PEOPLE
WITH THE OPPORTUNITY TO TRY SOME ASPECTS OF ROCK CLIMBING.
FORMS OF INDOOR CLIMBING
BOULDERING – BASIC FORM OF INDOOR CLIMBING AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY CLIMBING ON THE WALL CLOSE
TO THE GROUND WITHOUT ANCHORS, ROPES AND HARNESS
 TOP – ROPING – INVOLVES SUSPENDING A ROPE FROM AN ANCHOR LOCATED AT THE TOP OF A SHORT CLIMB.
THE CLIMBER IS THEM SAFE GUARDED BY THE BELAYER WHO HOLDS THE ROPE EITHER AT THE TOP OF THE
ROUTE OR AT THE BASE OF THE CLIMB.
 LEAD CLIMBING – IS A TECHNIQUE WHERE THE LEAD CLIMBER OR LEADER TIES HIM SELF TO ONE END OF A
ROPE WHILE THEIR PARTNER BELAYS. THE CLIMBER THEN ASCENDS THE ROUTE, PERIODICALLY PLACING
PROTECTION FOR SAFETY IN THE EVENT OF A FALL. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF LEAD CLIMBING.
 TRADITIONAL LEAD CLIMBING – THE CLIMBER CONFIGURES ANCHOR POINTS IN THE ROCK DURING THE
CLIMB USING ASSORTMENT OF DEVICES OR PROTECTION. THESE PROTECTIONS ARE THEN REMOVED
BBY THE LEADER’S PARTNER, THE SECOND, AS HE FOLLOWS THE ROUTE.
 SPORTS LEAD CLIMBING – INVOLVES THE USE OF PRESET ANCHORS, USUALLY STEEL BOLTS,
PERMANENTLY FIXED ALONG THE ROUTE.
OTHER FORMS OF CLIMBING
ROCK CLIMBING – FORM OF CLIMBING DONE IN AN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY

STEEP ROCK FORMATIONS AND IS DIVIDED INTO TWO BROAD CATEGORIES, NAMELY:
FREE CLIMBING – REQUIRES THE CLIMBER TO USE ONLY THE NATURAL ROCK FORMATIONS.
AID CLIMBING – INVOLVES USING ARTIFICIAL DEVICES PLACED IN THE ROCK TO SUPPORT ALL OR PART OF THE
CLIMBERS BODY WEIGHT AND IS NORMALLY PRACTICED ON ROCK FORMATIONS THAT LACK THE NECESSARY
NATURAL FEATURES SUITABLE FOR FREE CLIMBING.
CLIMBING EQUIPMENT
1. ROPE – MADE TO ABSORB THE FORCE OF A FALL AND CAN BE MADE UP OF EIGTHER NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC
FIBER.
 CLIMBING ROPES HAVE EVOLVED FROM STRANDS OF NATURAL MANILA FIBERS WHICH ARE
QUESTIONABLE AT HOLDING FALLS.
 TODAY’S STRONG ROPE, CALLED KERNMANTLE (CORE AND SHEATH) ROPES, IS MADE UP OF STRANDS
OF NYLON.
 USUAL DIMENTIONS OF THE KERNMANTLE ROPES ARE 50 METERS IN LENGTH BY 10 – 11 MILLIMETERS

IN DIAMETER.
 ROPES BEFORE BEING APPROVED FOR USAGE ARE TESTED BY THE UNION INTERNATIONAL DES
ASSOCIATIONS D’ ALHINISME (UIAA).
CLASSIFICATION AND RATING OF A CLIMBING ROPE
 DYNAMIC ROPES – HAVE CERTAIN AMOUNT OF ELASTICITY AND ARE USUALLY USED AS BELAY ROPES. THIS KIND
OF ROPE MUST BE ABLE TO TOLERATE UP TO 11.8 KILONEWTONS OR 2,650 POUNDS BEFORE BREAKAGE (1KN =
224.8 LBS.).
 STATIC ROPES – MUCH LESS ELASTIC, AND ARE USUALLY USED IN ANCHORING SYSTEMS. THEY ARE COMMONLY
USED FOR RAPPELING.
TAKING CARE OF ROPES
 PROTECT ROPES FROM DEBRIS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
 MINIMIZE EXPOSURE OF YOUR ROPE TO EXCESSIVE HEAT AND THE SUN’S ULTRAVIOLET RAYS.
 AVOID EXPOSING THE ROPE TO ANY SUBSTANCE THAT IS HARMFUL TO NYLON.
 DO NOT JUST LEND YOUR ROPE.
 INSPECT FOR VISIBLE DAMAGE.
HARNESS – A KEY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT FOR TOP ROPE, LEAD AND SPORT THAT IS USED TO ATTACH A ROPE TO A
PERSON.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF HARNESS: CHEST, FULL BODY AND SIT HARNESS.
Chest Harness
Full-body Harness
Sit Harness
CARABINERS – THESE ARE GATED CONNECTING DEVICE USED IN ROCK CLIMBING TO ATTACH A ROPE TO A FIXED
ANCHOR, TIE IN TO PROTECTION POINTS AND THE BELAY DEVICE. ALMOST ALL CARABINERS FOR RECREATIONAL
CLIMBING ARE MADE UP OF ALLUMINUM ALLOY. BEFORE GAINING APPROVAL FROM THE UIAA CARABINERS MUST
HAVE A MINIMUN BREAKING STRENGTH OF 19.5 KN ALONG THE SPINE AND 4 KN ALONG THE GATED SIDE.
CARABINERS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO:
 LOCK (LOCKING AND NON LOCKING)
 GATE (STRAIGHT, BENT AND WIRE)
 SHAPE (OVAL, D – SHAPED AND PEAR – SHAPED)

4. BELAY DEVICE – INCREASE THE FRICTION ON THE ROPE DURING A FALL, WHICH ENABLES THE BELAYER TO
CONTROL THE FORCE GENERATED BY THE FALL.
 TYPES OF BELAYING DEVICE: STICHT PLATE, FIGURE – 8, ATC PLATE, MUNTER HITCH AND GRIGRI.
Sticth Plate
Figure 8
ATC Plate
Munter Hitch
Grigri
CLIMBING SHOES – INCREASE THE GRIP OF THE FOOT ON A CLIMBING WALL OR ROCK FACE DUE TO FRICTION, THE
SHOE IS RECOVERED WITH VUCANIZED RUBBER LAYER
6. CLIMBING WALL – AND ARTIFICIALLY CONSTRUCTED WALL WITH GRIPS FOR HANDS AND FEET, USED FOR
CLIMBING.
 THE SIMPLEST TYPE OF WALL IS OF PLYWOOD CONSTRUCTION, KNOWN COLLOQUIALLY IN THE

CLIMBING COMMUNNITY AS A “WOODY”.
CLIMBING SIGNALS
 TEAMWORK BETWEEN THE BELAYER AND THE CLIMBER IS ESSENTIAL IN DOING THE CLIMB. FOR THEM TO BE
ABLE TO DO THIS, CONSTANT COMMUNICATION DURING THE CLIMB IS A MUST. THERE ARE SIXFREQUENTLY
USED CLIMBING SIGNALS:
1. CLIMBING – CLIMBERS SIGNAL WHEN READY TO CLIMB.
2. CLIMB ON – BELAYERS REPLY WHEN READY TO ASSIST THE CLIMBER FOR THE CLIMB.
3. TENSION – CLIMBERS SIGNAL TO TIGHTEN THE ROPE.
4. SLACK – CLIMBERS SIGNAL TO LOOSEN THE ROPE.
5. DOWN – CLIMBERS SIGNAL WHEN READY TO GO DOWN.
6. LET GO – BELAYERS SIGNAL TO THE CLIMBER THAT HE IS READY TO ASSIST HIM DOWN.
Fundamentals of Wall Climbing Speed Climb Competition
Bouldering Competition Lead Climb Competition
Top Rope Competition

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WALL CLIMBING

 AN INCREASINGLY POPULAR FORM OF ROCK CLIMBING PERFORMED ON ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES THAT

 FIRST CLIMBING WALL WAS CREATED IN 1964 AT LEEDS UNIVERSITY.

 DOUG ROBINSON, A LECTURER IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FOUNDER OF DR CLIMBING WALLS,

 FIRST COMMERCIAL WALL WAS BUILT IN SHETFIELD.

FORMS OF INDOOR CLIMBING

OTHER FORMS OF CLIMBING

ROCK CLIMBING – FORM OF CLIMBING DONE IN AN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY

 USUAL DIMENTIONS OF THE KERNMANTLE ROPES ARE 50 METERS IN LENGTH BY 10 – 11 MILLIMETERS

CLASSIFICATION AND RATING OF A CLIMBING ROPE

TAKING CARE OF ROPES

 PROTECT ROPES FROM DEBRIS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

 AVOID EXPOSING THE ROPE TO ANY SUBSTANCE THAT IS HARMFUL TO NYLON.

 DO NOT JUST LEND YOUR ROPE.

 INSPECT FOR VISIBLE DAMAGE.

CARABINERS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO:

 LOCK (LOCKING AND NON LOCKING)

 GATE (STRAIGHT, BENT AND WIRE)

 SHAPE (OVAL, D – SHAPED AND PEAR – SHAPED)

 THE SIMPLEST TYPE OF WALL IS OF PLYWOOD CONSTRUCTION, KNOWN COLLOQUIALLY IN THE

1. CLIMBING – CLIMBERS SIGNAL WHEN READY TO CLIMB.

3. TENSION – CLIMBERS SIGNAL TO TIGHTEN THE ROPE.

4. SLACK – CLIMBERS SIGNAL TO LOOSEN THE ROPE.

5. DOWN – CLIMBERS SIGNAL WHEN READY TO GO DOWN.

Fundamentals of Wall Climbing Speed Climb Competition

Bouldering Competition Lead Climb Competition

Top Rope Competition

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