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    Endogenic Process Part 2 PDF

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    Ivan Zenitram
    The document describes metamorphism and deformation of rocks. Metamorphism is the change of rocks into new forms without melting or disintegration and can occur due to heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions. It describes different types of metamorphism and the processes involved. Deformation is caused by tectonic forces and stresses that cause rocks to change shape. The document outlines the different types of stresses and strains that result in features like joints, faults, and folds.

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    Endogenic Process Part 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ivan Zenitram
    142 views35 pages
    The document describes metamorphism and deformation of rocks. Metamorphism is the change of rocks into new forms without melting or disintegration and can occur due to heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions. It describes different types of metamorphism and the processes involved. Deformation is caused by tectonic forces and stresses that cause rocks to change shape. The document outlines the different types of stresses and strains that result in features like joints, faults, and folds.

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    Endogenic Process Part 2.pdf

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    The document describes metamorphism and deformation of rocks. Metamorphism is the change of rocks into new forms without melting or disintegration and can occur due to heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions. It describes different types of metamorphism and the processes involved. Deformation is caused by tectonic forces and stresses that cause rocks to change shape. The document outlines the different types of stresses and strains that result in features like joints, faults, and folds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    142 views35 pages

    Endogenic Process Part 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ivan Zenitram
    The document describes metamorphism and deformation of rocks. Metamorphism is the change of rocks into new forms without melting or disintegration and can occur due to heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions. It describes different types of metamorphism and the processes involved. Deformation is caused by tectonic forces and stresses that cause rocks to change shape. The document outlines the different types of stresses and strains that result in features like joints, faults, and folds.

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    *Describe the changes in mineral

    components and texture of rocks due to


    changes in pressure and temperature
    (metamorphism)
    *Describe how rocks behave under
    different types of stress such as
    compression, pulling apart, and shearing
    The process when a
    rock changes its form
    into new one without
    undergoing melting or
    disintegration is called
    metamorphism.
    Metamorphism processes….
    1.Recrystallization
     changes in shape and size of minerals
    w/o changing its identity.
    2. Phase change
     transformation of one mineral to another
    mineral
    3. Neocrystallization
     growth of new minerals that’s differs
    from the old rocks.
    4. Pressure solution
     dissolution of mineral grains when
    rock is squeezed dominantly in one
    direction at low temperature and
    pressure and presence of water.
    5. Plastic deformation
     minerals become flattened or
    elongated w/o changing the
    composition
    Types of Metamorphism
    1. Contact Metamorphism
    -occurs adjacent to igneous intrusions and
    results from high temperatures associated with
    igneous intrusion.
    Types of Metamorphism
    2. Regional Metamorphism
    - occurs over large areas and generally does not show
    any relationship to igneous bodies. Results to strongly
    foliated rock such as slate and schist.
    Types of Metamorphism
    3. Cataclastic metamorphism
    - occurs as a result of mechanical deformation
    like when two bodies of rock slide past one another
    along a fault zone.
    Types of Metamorphism
    4. Hydrothermal Metamorphism
    - cold sea water penetrates the crust through the
    faults.
    Types of Metamorphism
    5. Burial Metamorphism
    - occurs when sedimentary rocks are buried to
    depths of several kilometers , temperatures greater
    than 300 degree Celsius.
    Types of Metamorphism
    6. Shock Metamorphism
    - occurs when an extraterrestrial body, such a
    meteorite or comet impacts with the Earth.
    What causes
    metamorphism?

     Heat
     Pressure
     Hydrothermal solution
    Deformation
     Tectonic forces
    operating inside the
    Earth causes rocks to
    undergo deformation.
     Stress causes rocks to
    deform.
    1.Tensional Stress
     occurs when the dominant force is
    directed away from each other.
    2. Compressional Stress
     formed when dominant force is
    directed towards each other.
    3. Shear Stress
     develops when the two dominant
    force are directed towards each
    other but not along same axis.
    The resulting change
    in the rocks due to
    the different types
    of stress is called
    strain.
    1.Elastic Deformation (1st stage)
     Reversible strain
    2.Ductile Deformation (2nd stage)
     Irreversible strain
    3.Permanent Stage (last Stage)
     reaches elastic limit
    Joints
     Natural cracks in the rocks produced by
    brittle deformation
    Faults
    Like joints, faults are also
    planar structures resulting
    from brittle deformation but
    there is sliding between the
    rocks.
    Folds
    Folds are produced by
    deformation of ductile
    materials. Folds are
    contortions of rock layers
    forming wave-like curves.

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