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    Fatty Acid Synthesis: 28.1 Stages of FA Synthesis

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    rJ
    Fatty acid synthesis occurs through several key steps: 1) Transport of acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol where fatty acid synthesis takes place 2) Formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, which is the initial, committed step of fatty acid synthesis 3) A repetitive elongation cycle involving the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units and subsequent enzymatic modifications that results in the synthesis of palmitic acid (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA.

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    Fatty Acid Synthesis: 28.1 Stages of FA Synthesis

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    rJ
    54 views13 pages
    Fatty acid synthesis occurs through several key steps: 1) Transport of acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol where fatty acid synthesis takes place 2) Formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, which is the initial, committed step of fatty acid synthesis 3) A repetitive elongation cycle involving the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units and subsequent enzymatic modifications that results in the synthesis of palmitic acid (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA.

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    fatty acid synthesis

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    Chap28

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    Fatty acid synthesis occurs through several key steps: 1) Transport of acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol where fatty acid synthesis takes place 2) Formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, which is the initial, committed step of fatty acid synthesis 3) A repetitive elongation cycle involving the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units and subsequent enzymatic modifications that results in the synthesis of palmitic acid (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    54 views13 pages

    Fatty Acid Synthesis: 28.1 Stages of FA Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    rJ
    Fatty acid synthesis occurs through several key steps: 1) Transport of acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol where fatty acid synthesis takes place 2) Formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, which is the initial, committed step of fatty acid synthesis 3) A repetitive elongation cycle involving the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units and subsequent enzymatic modifications that results in the synthesis of palmitic acid (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA.

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    of 13

    CHAPTER 28:

    Fatty Acid Synthesis


    Problems: 2-4,6-7,10,13-14,21-24
    28.1 Stages of FA Synthesis

    1. Transfer of acetyl-CoA from


    mitochondria to cytosol.
    2. Activation of acetyl-CoA;
    synthesis of malonyl-CoA.
    3. Five step elongation cycle of
    FA synthesis via ACP
    intermediates.
    Transport of Aetyl-CoA from Mitochondria to
    Cytoplasm

    ATP-citrate lyase
    Citrate synthase
    Malate
    dehydrogenase
    Pyruvate
    carboxylase Malic enzyme
    Sources of NADPH for FA Synthesis
    Formation of Malonyl-CoA: Committed Step

    Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase
    Fatty Acid Synthesis

    • FA are synthesized by the repetitive


    condensation of two-carbon units derived from
    malonyl CoA
    Loading of precursors via thioester derivatives,
    followed by chain elongation
    (1) Condensation of the precursors
    (2) Reduction
    (3) Dehydration
    (4) Reduction
    Loading Stage of FA Synthesis

    -SH
    Elongation Stage of
    FA Synthesis

    -ketoacyl synthase
    Reduction

    -ketoacyl reductase
    Condensation

    Dehydration

    3-hydroxyacyl dehydratase

    Reduction

    enoyl reductase

    The synthesis of palmitic acid requires 7


    ATPs and 8 NADPHs: Can you account
    for these ATPs and NADPHs?
    Fatty Acid Activation

    Different synthatases:
    Short (<C6)
    Medium (C6 – C12)
    Long (>C12)
    Very long (>C16)
    28.2 Elongation and Desaturation
    C16:0 to C18:n – C20:n

    Elongation occurs with enzymes on the


    cytosolic face of the ER membrane.
    This is done by elongases that use
    malonyl-CoA to add the 2-carbon
    subunits.
    Oxidase Mammals
    C18:0-CoA → C18:19-CoA → C18:29,12-CoA
    X
    Stearoyl CoA Oleoyl CoA linolenoyl CoA

    Dietary source
    28.3 Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and
    Regulation of FA Metabolism

    • High ATP OFF


    • Low ATP ON
    • High Citrate ON
    • High C16:0-CoA OFF
    • Malonyl CoA inihbits
    carnitine acyl
    transferase I. How
    does this affect FA
    metabolism?
    Hormonal Regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
    • Insulin activates
    • Glucagon & epinephrine deactivate

    Glucagon & epinephrine deactivate via


    enhancing acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibition
    through the activity of AMP-dependent
    kinase.

    Insulin stimulates FA synthesis by stimulating


    protein phosphatase that activates acetyl
    CoA carboxylase.

    28.4 Ethanol Metabolism and FA


    Synthesis

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