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    Summary of Pathways

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    Biochemical pathways

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    Summary of Pathways

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    ayan
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    Biochemical pathways

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Biochemical pathways

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views1 page

    Summary of Pathways

    Uploaded by

    ayan
    Biochemical pathways

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    74 SECTION II BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEM ISTRY-METABOLISM

    Summary of pathways

    O Galactokinase (mild galactosemial Galactose metabolism


    E) Galactose-1-phosphate Ga lactose Requires biotin cofactor
    uridyltransterase
    (severe galactosemial 10 Glycolysis
    I Requires thiamine cofactor ITPPJ
    ( ) Irreversible. important point of regulation
    E) Hexokinase/glucokinase Glycogen Glulc!ose
    0 Glucose-6-phosphatase
    Ivon Gierke disease)
    t "-- a o e HMPshunt
    UDP-glucose +-- Glucose-I-phosphate .=:; 6-phosphogluconolactooe)
    0 Glucose-6-phosphate
    dehydrogenase Glycogenesis / glycogenolysis l! <:)
    0 fructose-6-phosphate - Ribulose-5-pllosphate
    Of!O
    Transketolase
    f) Phosphotructokinase-1 Gluconeogenesis T

    () Fructose-1.6-bisphosphatase Fructose-t6i l ; ospl1ate


    e Fructokinase (essential fructosuna)
    e Aldolase B(fructose intolerance) Giyceraldehyde-3-P .=::; DHAP +--Fructose-I-phosphate +-- Fructose

    ..
    6) Aldolase B(liver). A(muscle)
    ® Triose phosphate isomerase
    e Pyruvate kinase 3-phosphoglycerate Glycerol lipid metabolism
    4t) Pyruvale dehydrogenase
    G) Pyruvate cart>oxylase u
    2-phosphoglycerate
    r
    Triglycerides
    PEP carboxykinase
    u r
    f
    '1) Citrate synthase
    Pllosphoenolfeate !PEPI Fatty acids
    Cll lsocitrate dehydrogenase
    Ii) cx-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Alanine :;::::::::'.: Pyruvate .!::::; Lactate rC Cholesterol
    Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I T / ionyl- oA l
    8
    ED transcarbamylase e Acetyl-CoA E!J Mevalonate
    e Propionyl-CoA carboxylase \ Acetoacetyl-CoA--. HMG-CoA
    E!J HMG-CoA reductase Acetoacetate
    1
    1
    Asparlate Oxaloacetate "-
    NH3+C02
    fl) Citrulhn
    e--l'\. ( "\
    lsocitrate Jl-hydroxybutyrate .

    Cart>amoyl phosphate --(m Arg1ninosuccinate Malate TCA cycle )e Ketogenesis

    Ornithine \ Odd-chain fatty acids.


    Urea cycle cx-ketoglutarate branched-chain amino acids.
    Fumarate Lk methionine andthreonine
    g1nine "- _/11:) e. !
    U Suwnale Suwnyl-CoA +-- Methylmalonyl-CoA +-- Prop1onyl-CoA
    re - B12 B

    HzO Protein metabolism

    ATP production Aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule Arsenic causes glycolysis to produce zero net
    produces 32 net ATP via ma late-aspartate ATP.
    shuttle (heart and liver}, 30 net ATP via
    glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle (muscle).
    Anaerobic glycolysis produces only 2 net ATP
    per glucose molecule.
    ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to energetically
    unfavorable reactions.

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