SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700

College of Engineering

SUBMITTED BY:

PAMELA JOY B. CHUA BSCE- 5A

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. FELISA E. GOMBA

SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

FORMULAS TO BE USE

𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
𝑎=
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏
𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − )
2
𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
𝑑𝑏
ℓ𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜑ₜ𝜑ₜ𝜑
= (𝑆𝐼 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡)
𝑑𝑏 10 ƛ√𝑓′𝑐 𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
𝑑𝑏
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 =
𝑠𝑛
ℓ𝑑
𝑑𝑏
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

Conversions:

1000 psi= 1 ksi

1in=24.5mm 60000 psi= 60 ksi

4 in= 101.6 mm 3000 psi= 3 ksi

18 in= 457.2 mm

60 ksi= 413.6855 Mpa

3 ksi= 20.6843 Mpa

When the beam has only four bars

𝑁
𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 2580.64 𝑚𝑚2 (413.68555 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑜𝑟 2)
𝑎= = 𝑚𝑚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏 𝑁
0.85(20.6843 )(457.2 𝑚𝑚)
𝑚𝑚2
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − )
2
132.842 𝑚𝑚
= (0.9)(2580.64𝑚𝑚2 )(413.68555 𝑀𝑝𝑎)(685.8 𝑚𝑚 − )
2
= 𝟓𝟗𝟓. 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

When Beam has only 2 bars:

𝑁
𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 1290.32 𝑚𝑚2 (413.68555 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑜𝑟 )
𝑎= = 𝑚𝑚2 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟐 𝒎𝒎
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏 𝑁
0.85(20.6843 )(457.2 𝑚𝑚)
𝑚𝑚2

𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − )
2
66.294 𝑚𝑚
= (0.9)(1290.32 𝑚𝑚2 )(413.68555 𝑀𝑝𝑎)(685.8 𝑚𝑚 − )
2
= 𝟑𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

Solution:

(a) Using ACI Equation 12-1 with Ktr=0

25.4 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 1.5 𝑖𝑛 ( 1 𝑖𝑛 ) + 0
= = 𝟏. 𝟓 < 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 (𝑶𝑲!)
𝑑𝑏 25.4 𝑚𝑚
1 𝑖𝑛 ( )
1 𝑖𝑛
ℓ𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜑ₜ𝜑ₜ𝜑
=
𝑑𝑏 10 ƛ√𝑓′𝑐 𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
𝑑𝑏
9 413.68555 (1.0)(1.0)(1.0)
= ( )( = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟕𝟔 𝒐𝒓 𝟓𝟓 𝒅𝒊𝒂.
10 1.0√20.68428 1.50

(B) Using computed value of Ktr and ACI Equation 12-1

𝟐𝟓.𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟒𝟎 (𝟐)(𝟎.𝟏𝟏 𝒊𝒏𝟐 ( )
𝟏 𝒊𝒏𝟐
𝟐𝟓.𝟒 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝒎
𝟖 𝒊𝒏 ( )(𝟑)
𝟏 𝒊𝒏

25.4 𝑚𝑚 25.4 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 1.5 𝑖𝑛 ( 1 𝑖𝑛 ) + 0.367 𝑖𝑛 ( 1 𝑖𝑛 )
= = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟔𝟕 < 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 (𝑶𝑲!)
𝑑𝑏 25.4 𝑚𝑚
1 𝑖𝑛 ( )
1 𝑖𝑛
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

Conversion:

fy = 60,000psi = 413.68555MPa
f’c = 3500psi = 24.13165 MPa
h = 24in = 609.6 mm
b = 15in = 381 mm
d = 21in = 533.4mm
Concrete cover = 3in = 76.2 mm
#3 stirrups @ 6in (@152.4mm)
3in =76.2mm

SOLUTIONS:

cb = cover = 3in = 76.2mm or one-half of c. to c. spacing of bars = 1.5in = 38.1mm ------controls

a. Using Simplified Equation

𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑦 Ψ𝑡 Ψ𝑒 (413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎)(1)(1.5)
= = = 74.2977 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑏 1.7𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 1.7 (1)√24.13165 𝑀𝑃𝑎

b. Using ACI Equation 12.1 with Computed Value of Ktr

𝐴𝑡𝑟 𝑓𝑦𝑡 (2)(70.9676𝑚𝑚2 )

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = = = 0.023283𝑚𝑚
10𝑠𝑛 10(152.4𝑚𝑚)(4)
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 38.1𝑚𝑚 + 0.23283

= = 1.72476 < 2.50 𝑂𝐾!
𝑑𝑏 22.225𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 9 413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎 (1)(1.5)(1.0)
= 𝑑𝑏 = = 65.9146 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑐
𝑑𝑏 10 𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 ( 𝑏 + 𝐾 𝑡𝑟 10 1√24.13165𝑀𝑃𝑎 1.72476
)
𝑑𝑏
c. Using ACI Equation 12-1 with Ktr = 0

𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 38.1𝑚𝑚 + 0
= = 1.7142 < 2.5 𝑂𝐾!
𝑑𝑏 22.225𝑚𝑚

𝑙𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 9 413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎 (1)(1.5)(1.0)
= 𝑑𝑏 = = 66.314 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑏 10 𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 ) 10 1√24.13165𝑀𝑃𝑎 1.7142
𝑑𝑏
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

CONVERSION:

Cb = cover = 3in = 76.2 mm

fy = 60,000psi = 413.68555MPa

f’c = 3500psi = 24.13165 MPa

h = 26in = 660.4 mm

b = 18in = 457.2 mm

d = 23in = 584.2 mm

Concrete cover = 3in = 76.2 mm

#3 stirrups @ 8in (@203.2mm)

3in =76.2mm
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

SOLUTION:

a. Using Simplified Equation

𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑦 Ψ𝑡 Ψ𝑒 (413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎)(1.3)(1.0)
𝑑𝑏
= = 1.7 (0.75)√24.13165 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 85.86378 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
1.7𝜆√𝑓′𝑐

𝑙𝑑 1858.0608𝑚𝑚2
𝑑𝑏
reduced for excess reinforcement to ( 2025.802𝑚𝑚2 )(85.86378) = 79 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

b. Using ACI Equation 12.1 with Computed Value of Ktr

𝐴𝑡𝑟 𝑓𝑦𝑡 (2)(70.9676𝑚𝑚2 )

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = = = 0.01746𝑚𝑚
10𝑠𝑛 10(203.2𝑚𝑚)(4)
𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 50.8𝑚𝑚 + 0.01746
= = 2 < 2.50 𝑂𝐾!
𝑑𝑏 25.4𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 9 413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎 (1.3)(1.0)(1.0)
= 𝑑𝑏 = = 65.68578 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑏 10 𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 ) 10 0.75√24.13165𝑀𝑃𝑎 2
𝑑𝑏
𝑙𝑑 1858.0608𝑚𝑚2
reduced for excess reinforcement to ( )(65.68578) = 60.24685 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑏 2025.802𝑚𝑚2

c. Using ACI Equation 12-1 with Ktr = 0

𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 50.8𝑚𝑚 + 0
= = 2 < 2.5 𝑂𝐾!
𝑑𝑏 25.4𝑚𝑚

𝑙𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 9 413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎 (1.3)(1.0)(1.0)
= 𝑑𝑏 = = 65.68579 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑐
𝑑𝑏 10 𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 ( 𝑏 + 𝐾 𝑡𝑟 10 . 75√24.13165𝑀𝑃𝑎 2
)
𝑑𝑏
𝑙𝑑 1858.0608𝑚𝑚2
reduced for excess reinforcement to ( )(65.68579) = 60.24685357𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑏 2025.802𝑚𝑚2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

Conversion:

f’c = 4000psi = 27.579 MPa

fy = 60000psi = 413.68542 MPa

SOLUTION:

a. Straight bars
𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 57.15𝑚𝑚 + 0
= = 1.99 < 2.50 (𝑂𝐾!)
𝑑𝑏 28.6512𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 9 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 9 413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎 (1.7)(1.0)
= 𝑑 = = 60.56468 diameters
𝑑𝑏 10 𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑐𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 ) 𝑏 10 1√27.579𝑀𝑃𝑎 1.99
𝑑𝑏

ld = 60.56468 db = 60.56468 ( 28.6512mm) = 1735.25076mm

b. Using 180֯ hook. Note that : ψe = 1.2 as required in ACI Section 12.5.2 for epoxy-coated hooks

0.24𝜓𝑒 𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑏 0.24 (1.2)(413.68555𝑀𝑃𝑎)(28.6512𝑚𝑚)

𝑙𝑑ℎ = = = 650𝑚𝑚
𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 1√27.579𝑀𝑃𝑎
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

c. Using 90֯ hook

ldh = 650mm as 0.8 reduction factor does not apply because ties or stirrups are not provided.
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

Conversion:

fy = 60000psi =413.68542MPa

f’c = 5000psi =34.473785MPa

SOLUTION:

Solution:

a. Up into Column

0.24𝑓𝑦 𝜑𝑟 𝑑𝑏 0.24(413.68542𝑀𝑃𝑎)(1)(28.6512𝑚𝑚)
𝑙𝑑𝑐 = = = 484.48𝑚𝑚
𝜆√ 𝑓′ 𝑐 1(√34.473785𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝑙𝑑𝑐 = 200𝑚𝑚
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
wᵤ = 40.8629 kN/m
 SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering

L = 9.7536 m

The design moment capacity (φMn) of this beam has been computed to equal 487.6871 kN-m when it has
four bars and 251.2327 kN-m when it has two bars. (Notice that ρ with two bars =1012.9012 mm2/(457.2 mm) (685.8
mm) = 0.00323 < ρmin= 1.4/414 MPa = 0.00338, but is considered to be close enough.) In addition, ld for the bars
has been determined to equal 1041.4 mm, using λ = 0.75 and Ktr = 6.985 mm based on #3 stirrups at s = 203.2
(similar to Example 7.4).

SOLUTION

The solution for this problem is shown in Figure 7.21. There are two bars beginning at the left end of the
beam. As no development length is available, the design moment capacity of the member is zero. If we move a
distance ld from point A at the left end of the beam to point B, the design moment capacity will increase in a
straight line from 0 to 251.2327 kN-m. From point B to point C, it will remain equal to 251.2327 kN-m.
At point C, we reach the cutoff point of the bars, and from C to D (a distance equal to ld), the design
moment capacity will increase from 251.2327 kN-m to 487.6871 kN-m. (In Figure 7.21(a) the bars seem to be
shown in two layers. They are actually on one level, but the authors have shown them this way so that the reader
can get a better picture of how many bars there are at any point along the beam.)
At no point along the span may the design strength of the beam be less than the actual bending moment
caused by the loads. We can then see that point C is located where the actual bending moment equals 251.2327
kN-m. The left reaction for this beam is 199.28 kN, as shown in Figure 7.20(a). Using this value, an expression is
written for the moment at point C (251.2327 kN-m) at a distance x from the left support. The resulting expression
can be solved for x.

𝑥
199.28𝑥 − (40.8629 𝑥) ( ) = 251.23 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2
X = 1.4872 m

By the time we reach point D (3 ft 5 in. to the right of C and 8 ft 3 in. from the left support), the required moment
capacity is
𝑘𝑁 2.5146 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 199.28 𝑘𝑁(2.5146 𝑚) − (40.8629 ) (2.5146 𝑚) ( ) = 371.9 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑚 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700
College of Engineering