Effective Date: January 28, 2020

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT • SERVICE DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS

Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie DIVISION 4

CW 3110 – R20 SUB-GRADE, SUB-BASE AND BASE COURSE CONSTRUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................1
1.1 General ................................................................................................................1
1.2 Definitions ............................................................................................................1
1.3 Referenced Standard Construction Specifications ..............................................1
2. MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................2
2.1 General ................................................................................................................2
2.2 Base Course and Sub-Base Materials .................................................................2
2.3 Lime or Portland Cement .....................................................................................5
2.4 Imported Fill Material ...........................................................................................5
3. CONSTRUCTION METHODS ................................................................................................5
3.1 Pavement Removal .............................................................................................5
3.2 Excavation ...........................................................................................................5
3.3 Preparation of Sub-grade and Placement of Sub-base Material .........................6
3.4 Placement of Sub-Base Material with Geotextile Fabric ......................................7
3.5 Placement of Sub-base Material with Geotextile Fabric and Geogrid .................8
3.6 Placement of Base Course Material ....................................................................8
3.7 Placement of Imported Fill ...................................................................................9
3.8 Grading of Boulevards .........................................................................................9
3.9 Grading of Ditches .............................................................................................10
3.10 Quality Control of Sub-grade, Sub-base and Base Course Layers ...................10
3.11 Removal of Existing Concrete Bases ................................................................10
4. QUALITY CONTROL TESTING............................................................................................10
5. QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTING .......................................................................................11
6. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT .......................................................................................14
6.1 Pavement Removal ...........................................................................................14
6.2 Stripping and Stockpiling Topsoil .......................................................................14
6.3 Excavation .........................................................................................................14
6.4 Sub-grade Compaction ......................................................................................15
6.5 Sub-grade Material ............................................................................................15
6.6 Sub-base Material ..............................................................................................15
6.7 Base Course Material ........................................................................................16
6.8 Leveling Course .................................................................................................17
6.9 Grading of Boulevards .......................................................................................17
6.10 Ditch Grading .....................................................................................................17
6.11 Boulevard Excavation ........................................................................................17
6.12 Ditch Excavation ................................................................................................18
6.13 Removal of Existing Concrete Bases ................................................................18
6.14 Lime or Portland Cement ...................................................................................18
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Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie

1. DESCRIPTION

1.1 General

1.1.1 This specification covers pavement removal, excavation, preparation of sub-grade, supply
and placement of sub-base and base course materials, ditch grading and boulevard grading
for pavements, slab renewals, curbs, miscellaneous concrete slabs, sidewalks and other
related works.

1.2 Definitions

1.2.1 Sub-grade – the natural in-situ material or imported material that has been used to build an
embankment.

1.2.2 Sub-base layer – the layer of material between the sub-grade and the base course.

1.2.3 Base course layer – the layer of material between the sub-base and the pavement wearing
surface.

1.2.4 Leveling course layer – a non-structural layer of base course material, up to 50mm in depth,
placed immediately under the pavement wearing surface.

1.2.5 Granular A – open-graded virgin (not recycled) aggregates intended for use as free draining base
and sub-base within the pavement structure of high traffic volume streets (i.e. expressways,
major arterials, minor arterials, industrial/commercial collectors, residential major collectors,
residential minor collectors, and industrial/commercial locals), including associated approaches.

1.2.6 Granular B – well-graded virgin or recycled aggregates intended for use as base and sub-base
within the pavement structure of low traffic volume streets (i.e. residential locals and public
lanes), including associated approaches. Granular A can be used instead of Granular B.

1.2.7 Granular C – dense graded virgin or recycled aggregates intended for use as base and sub-base
for street pavement rehabilitations and other applications. Granular A or B can be used instead
of Granular C.

1.2.8 Crushed Recycled Concrete – aggregates obtained by recycling clean, hard, concrete waste
with maximum lightweight material/asphalt content of 8%, maximum clay content of 3% and
maximum other foreign or deleterious materials content of 3%. All types of contaminants, such
as dirt, plaster, gypsum and other building waste, must be removed.

1.2.9 Deleterious Material – soft material that would decay or disintegrate from weathering,
porcelain, vegetation, organic material, wood, glass, plastic, metal, reinforcing steel, building
rubble, brick, shale, and friable particles.

1.3 Referenced Standard Construction Specifications

1.3.1 CW 1130 – Work Site Requirements.

1.3.2 CW 3130 – Supply and Installation of Geotextile Fabrics.

1.3.3 CW 3450 – Planing of Pavement.

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2. MATERIALS

2.1 General
st
2.1.1 Effective July 1 , 2020, the City of Winnipeg, Research and Standards Engineer will maintain
a list of approved aggregate suppliers. To obtain approval, aggregate suppliers must annually
st
submit the following information to the Research and Standards Engineer prior to April 1 :

2.1.1.1 Aggregate Suppliers Approval Guidelines and Application;

2.1.1.2 Quality control program for all materials, including a proposed sampling and testing
plan with minimum sampling and testing frequencies in accordance with Section 4;

2.1.1.3 The laboratory(s) to be used and its credentials;

2.1.1.4 The quality control personnel and their qualifications;

2.1.1.5 Course of action for disposal or rework of materials that do not meet this
specification; and,

2.1.1.6 Frequency of production equipment inspection, verification of calibration, and any

certification of the production facility.

2.1.2 The Aggregate Suppliers Approval Guidelines and Application and the list of approved
aggregate suppliers are available at the City of Winnipeg, Corporate Finance, Material
Management Division website at:
https://www.winnipeg.ca/matmgt/Spec/Default.stm

2.1.3 The City of Winnipeg, Research and Standards Engineer will conduct inspections at least
once a year during production. Samples of materials may be taken and tested.

2.2 Base Course and Sub-Base Materials

2.2.1 Base course and sub-base materials shall conform to the following requirements:

2.2.1.1 Base course and sub-base materials will be of a type approved by the Contract
Administrator.

2.2.1.2 Base course and sub-base materials shall be sound, durable particles produced by
crushing, screening and grading of recovered materials.

2.2.1.3 Base course and sub-base materials shall conform to the grading requirements in
Table CW 3110.1 and the physical requirements in Table CW 3110.2.
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TABLE CW 3110.1 - Gradation Requirements

Percent Of Total Dry Weight Passing Each Sieve
Canadian
Metric Sieve Granular A* Granular B** Granular C**
Size Base Base Base
50 mm 100 mm 50 mm 100 mm 50 mm 100 mm
Course Course Course

125 000 100% 100% 100%

100 000 85% - 100% 85% - 100% 90% - 100%
75 000 70% - 90% -- --
50 000 100% 50% - 75% 100% 50% - 80% 100% 50% - 80%
37 500 75% - 95% -- 75% - 95% -- -- --
25 000 100% 50% - 84% 25% - 55% 100% 55% - 85% 30% - 60% 55% - 90% 35% - 65%
20 000 85% - 95% -- -- 85% - 95% -- -- 100% -- --
10 000 50% - 78% 25% - 60% 16% - 40% 50% - 78% 30% - 65% 20% - 45% -- -- --
5 000 35% - 60% 18% - 48% 12% - 32% -- -- -- 40% - 70% 25% - 60% 20% - 45%
2 500 20% - 48% -- 9% - 26% 20% - 48% -- 12% - 30% 25% - 55% -- --
1 250 12% - 34% 10% - 32% 6% - 22% -- 12% - 38% 8% - 25% -- -- --
630 8% - 26% -- -- 8% - 28% -- -- -- -- --
315 5% - 18% 5% - 20% 3% - 14% 5% - 20% 5% - 22% 4% - 15% 8% - 25% 5% - 25% 5% - 20%
80 2% - 8% 2% - 8% 2% - 8% 2% - 8% 2% - 8% 2% - 8% 2% - 10% 2% - 10% 2% - 10%

*Granular A shall not contain more than 1% by mass deleterious materials.

**Granular B and C shall not contain more than 3% by mass deleterious materials.
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Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie

TABLE CW 3110.2 - Physical Property Requirements

Granular A Granular B Granular C
Testing
Tests
Method Base Base Base
50 mm 100 mm 50 mm 100 mm 50 mm 100 mm
Course Course Course

Los Angeles Abrasion, ASTM C535

-- -- 35 -- -- 35 -- -- --
% maximum (Grading 1)

Los Angeles Abrasion, ASTM C131

-- 35 -- -- 35 -- -- -- --
% maximum (Grading A)

Los Angeles Abrasion, ASTM C131

35 -- -- 35 -- -- -- -- --
% maximum (Grading B)

California Bearing Ratio

(CBR)* - 4 days soaked, ASTM D1883 80 80 -- 60 60 -- -- -- --
% minimum @ 2.54 mm

Micro-Deval Abrasion,
ASTM D6928 15 15 15 17 17 17 20 20 20
% maximum

Percentage of Fractured
Particles, minimum two
ASTM D5821 80 80 70 70 70 60 -- -- --
or more fractured faces,
% mass**

Liquid Limit,%
20 22 22 22
maximum** 22 25 25 25 25
ASTM D4318 Non Non Non Non
Plasticity Index,% 4 6 6 6 6
plastic plastic plastic plastic
maximum**
*CBR test shall be performed at 100 % maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content.
** Percentage of Fractured Particles and Atterberg Limits are not required for crushed limestone materials.
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Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie

2.3 Lime or Portland Cement

2.3.1 Use either Lime or General Use Cement for drying the sub-grade.

2.3.2 Supply Lime in accordance with CSA A82.43.

2.3.3 Supply Portland Cement in accordance with CSA.

2.4 Imported Fill Material

2.4.1 Imported fill material will be of a type approved by the Contract Administrator. Saturated clay
and organic soils will not be permitted.

2.4.2 The fill material shall be free of unsuitable or deleterious materials, such as tree roots,
branches, stumps, sludge, metal, trash, wood, vegetation or rubble.

3. CONSTRUCTION METHODS

3.1 Pavement Removal

3.1.1 Remove existing concrete pavement, including curbs and asphalt overlays at locations as
shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Contract Administrator. Remove all pavements
to a combined thickness of 300 millimetres, unless otherwise indicated in the Specifications.

3.1.2 Remove existing asphalt pavement including asphalt curbs at locations as shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Contract Administrator. Remove pavement to a maximum
thickness of 150 millimetres, unless otherwise indicated in the Specifications.

3.1.3 Saw-cut the existing pavement full-depth along the limits designated for removal.

3.1.4 Utilize backhoe type equipment unless approved otherwise by the Contract Administrator.

3.1.5 Dispose of material in accordance with Section 3.4 of CW 1130.

3.2 Excavation

3.2.1 Excavate site material to the depth that accommodates the pavement structure as shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.2.2 Stockpile suitable sub-grade material and suitable site sub-base material at locations on site
as directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.2.3 Dispose of surplus suitable site material and unsuitable material such as frost heaving clays,
silts, rocks and rubble in accordance with Section 3.4 of CW 1130.

3.2.4 Strip and stockpile topsoil from the site in a manner which will prevent contamination of
topsoil with underlying soil materials. Stockpile the stripped topsoil at locations on site for
later use.
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DIVISION 4 CW 3110 – R20

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Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie

3.2.5 The limits of excavation will be taken as a vertical plane 450 millimetres beyond the limits of
the proposed pavement except when slip form paving equipment is specified for placement
of the concrete pavement, the limits of excavation will be increased to a vertical plane 750
millimetres beyond the limits of the proposed pavement.

3.2.6 During excavation, the Contractor will be advised by the Contract Administrator as to which
areas have an unsuitable sub-grade.

3.2.7 Remove wooden poles, concrete bases, or tree stumps encountered under pavements to the
top of subgrade or 1 metre below the bottom of the pavement surface, whichever depth is
greater.

3.2.8 Backfill and compact over-excavated areas with sub-base material approved by the Contract
Administrator.

3.2.9 Excavate additional material beyond the boulevard grading and ditch grading limits as
directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.3 Preparation of Sub-grade and Placement of Sub-base Material

3.3.1 Compact the sub-grade after the bottom of the excavation has been approved by the
Contract Administrator.

3.3.2 Compact areas of suitable sub-grade material, the full width of the excavation, to a minimum
of 95% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density.

3.3.3 If the sub-grade material cannot be compacted to the required density, the Contractor shall
proceed as directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.3.4 The stability and uniformity of compaction may be checked by proof rolling the sub-grade.
Proof rolling procedures and acceptance shall be in accordance with the following:

3.3.4.1 The roller shall be either a tandem-axle rear dump truck or a tri-axle rear dump truck
(with raised third axle) loaded to a minimum gross weight of 30 tonnes. The Contractor
may, with the approval of the Contract Administrator, use alternate equipment that
produces similar results;

3.3.4.2 Tire pressure shall be no less than 90 percent of the manufacturer’s recommended
maximum inflation;

3.3.4.3 Operate the equipment between 4.0 and 8.0 km/hr;

3.3.4.4 Proof rolling must be carried out the same calendar day that compaction is completed;
otherwise the surface must be watered and given a minimum of three passes with the
roller prior to the commencement of proof rolling; and,

3.3.4.5 Rutting in excess of 40 mm shall not be accepted and the layer shall be reworked and
compacted to the required density. Where the rutting exceeds 150 mm, proceed as
directed by the Contract Administrator. No substantial surface cracking or lateral
movement of the layer shall be allowed.
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3.3.5 Sub-base material shall not be placed if there is frost present within 600 mm of the surface
upon which it is being placed.

3.3.6 Place and compact sub-base material with geogrid in accordance with CW 3135.

3.3.7 Place and compact suitable site sub-base material before placing any new sub-base material
as directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.3.8 Place and compact sub-base materials in layers to a depth of 3 times the maximum
aggregate size unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Contract
Administrator. Compact to a minimum of 100% Standard Proctor Density, for the full width of
the excavation, and each layer must be leveled and approved by the Contract Administrator
before the succeeding layer may be placed.

3.3.9 Where Field Density Tests cannot be performed, check the stability and uniformity of
compaction by proof rolling the sub-base. Proof rolling procedures shall be in accordance
with Section 3.3.4 of this Specification. Rutting in excess of 15 mm shall not be accepted and
the layer shall be reworked and compacted to the required density. Where the rutting
exceeds 150 mm, proceed as directed by the Contract Administrator. No substantial surface
cracking or lateral movement of the layer shall be allowed.

3.3.10 Recompact or replace any layer which has been rejected as directed by the Contract
Administrator.

3.3.11 When excess water has been applied, either by sprinkling operations or by precipitation, to
cause local or continuous pondage, soil compaction will not be permitted until sufficient soil
drying has occurred, creating a condition lending itself favourably to compacting operations.
Exercise necessary precautions to protect compacted areas against excess wetting from any
natural or artificial sources of water application.

3.3.12 Should excess moisture from continuous or heavy precipitation threaten to unduly delay the
completion of the Contract, apply in writing to the Contract Administrator requesting
permission to use Lime or Portland Cement to dry out the clay sub-grade or sub-base
material at specific location(s).

3.3.13 Mixing or blending of sub-base materials will not be permitted.

3.4 Placement of Sub-Base Material with Geotextile Fabric

3.4.1 Install separation or separation/filtration or stabilization geotextile fabric in accordance with

CW 3130.

3.4.2 For sub-grades with CBR ≥ 3.0%, place and compact a minimum of 150 mm of sub-base
material over the geotextile fabric prior to allowing construction traffic to travel on the sub-
base.

3.4.3 For subgrades with CBR < 3.0%, place and compact a minimum of 300 mm of sub-base
material over the geotextile fabric prior to allowing construction traffic to travel on the sub-
base. The minimum lift thickness may need to be increased for very weak subgrade material
to prevent spreading equipment from damaging the geotextile fabric.
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DIVISION 4 CW 3110 – R20

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Engineering Division • Division de l’ingénierie

3.4.4 Place sub-base material by end-dumping methods and level with equipment as approved by
the Contract Administrator to avoid damage to the geotextile fabric and minimize sub-grade
failures. No sheep-foot type equipment will be allowed on the first lift. In no case shall
material be dropped on uncovered geotextile from a height of more than 1 m.

3.4.5 Direct traffic on the geotextile, along with any sudden stops, starts, or turns on the first lift by
construction equipment, shall not be allowed.

3.4.6 Construction traffic will not be allowed to travel on the placed sub-base material until
approved by the Contract Administrator.

3.5 Placement of Sub-base Material with Geotextile Fabric and Geogrid

3.5.1 Prepare the subgrade in accordance with Section 3.3 of this Specification.

3.5.2 Supply and install geotextile fabric over the subgrade in accordance with CW 3130 and
Section 3.4 of this Specification.

3.5.3 Supply and install geogrid in accordance with CW 3135.

3.5.4 Place sub-base material by end dumping down the centre of the excavation. The sub-base
shall be pushed forward and levelled using a track type dozer where possible, to build a
thickened section to support the hauling operations and avoid damage to the subgrade,
geotextile fabric or geogrid. This procedure shall continue until all sub-base material has
been placed down the centre of the excavation.

3.5.5 Spread the sub-base material to facilitate final grades utilizing a track type dozer.

3.5.6 Initial compaction of the sub-base material shall be completed utilizing vibratory type
equipment capable of compacting the material. The additional compaction shall be
completed utilizing static type equipment. No trucks, rubber tire loaders or graders will be
allowed to travel on the sub-base material until the Contract Administrator has approved the
compaction of the sub-base.

3.6 Placement of Base Course Material

3.6.1 Base course material shall not be placed if there is frost present within 600 mm of the surface
upon which it is being placed.

3.6.2 Place and compact base course material to a minimum 75 millimetres thickness for
pavement and approaches to a minimum of 100% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density
for the full width of the excavation unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or as directed by
the Contract Administrator.

3.6.3 Level the compacted base course to the finished base course elevation.

3.6.4 Maintain the finished base course until the pavement is placed.

3.6.5 Spread base course material uniformly to avoid segregation, free of pockets of fine and
coarse material.
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3.6.6 Place and compact leveling course to a maximum thickness of 50 millimetres for sidewalks,
renewal of existing curbs and miscellaneous concrete slabs, to 95% Standard Proctor
Maximum Dry Density.

3.6.7 Place and compact base course material immediately beneath pavement and forms to
provide firm support.

3.7 Placement of Imported Fill

3.7.1 Place imported fill materials to satisfy the grading requirements of boulevard and ditches.

3.7.2 Supply material in accordance with Section 2.4 of this specification.

3.7.3 Compact to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density.

3.7.4 Imported fill shall be free of frozen lumps and shall be placed and compacted in an unfrozen
state. Imported fill shall not be placed if there is frost present within 600 mm of the surface
upon which it is being placed.

3.8 Grading of Boulevards

3.8.1 Grading of the boulevards and medians to receive sod will be understood to mean the
required excavation or backfilling to a depth up to 150 millimetres so that the boulevards and
medians, after compaction, are at a uniform depth of 100 millimetres below finished
boulevard grade, as shown on the Drawings.

3.8.2 Remove all debris, stones and concrete rubble from the boulevards and medians before
commencing grading.

3.8.3 Grade the boulevards and medians to receive sod, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or
as directed by the Contractor Administrator.

3.8.4 Remove all debris, stones and concrete rubble from the boulevards and medians before
commencing grading.

3.8.5 Excavate to a depth of up to 150 millimetres to meet the final grade 100 millimetres below
finished boulevard grade.

3.8.6 Place and compact suitable backfill material as approved by the Contract Administrator to a
depth of up to 150 millimetres to meet the final grade 100 millimetres below finished boulevard
grade.

3.8.7 Supply backfill material in accordance with Section 2.4 of this specification.

3.8.8 Compact backfill materials to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density.
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3.9 Grading of Ditches

3.9.1 Grading of ditches will be understood to mean the required excavation or backfilling to a
depth up to 300 millimetres so that the ditches, after compaction are at finished grade where
no sodding is required or at a uniform depth of 100 millimetres below finished grade where
sodding is required.

3.9.2 Grade ditches as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Contract Administrator.

3.9.3 Excavate to a depth of up to 300 millimetres to meet the final ditch grade requirements.

3.9.4 Place and compact suitable backfill material as approved by the Contract Administrator to a
depth of up to 300 millimetres to meet the final ditch grade requirements.

3.9.5 Supply backfill material in accordance with Section 2.4 of this specification.

3.9.6 Compact backfill materials to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density.

3.10 Quality Control of Sub-grade, Sub-base and Base Course Layers

3.10.1 Utilize quality control tests to determine the acceptability of the sub-grade, sub-base and
base course layers, as placed and compacted before the succeeding layer may be applied.

3.10.2 Promptly fill holes made by sampling with appropriate material and thoroughly compact to
conform with the adjoining material.

3.11 Removal of Existing Concrete Bases

3.11.1 Remove existing concrete bases as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Contract
Administrator.

3.11.2 Remove to a depth of 1.0 metre below finished grade.

3.11.3 Dispose of material in accordance with Section 3.4 of CW 1130.

3.11.4 Backfill holes remaining with base course material and compact to the satisfaction of the
Contract Administrator.

QUALITY CONTROL TESTING

4.1 All materials supplied under this Specification shall be subject to quality control testing and
approval by the City of Winnipeg, Research and Standards Engineer. The testing shall be carried
out by a qualified, independent third-party testing company.

4.2 The quality control program shall include Gradation, Los Angeles Abrasion, Micro-Deval
Abrasion, CBR, Percentage of Fractured Particles, Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index in
accordance with Section 2 of this Specification.

4.3 The frequency of quality control testing for base course and sub-base materials during
production shall be in accordance with Table CW 3110.3.
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TABLE CW 3110.3 – Quality Control Testing Frequency During Production

Granular A Granular B Granular C

Virgin Recycled Virgin Recycled

Aggregates Aggregates Aggregates Aggregates
Properties
Gradation

Physical

Properties

Properties

Properties

Properties
Gradation

Gradation

Gradation

Gradation
Physical

Physical

Physical

Physical
Base 1000 2000 1000 2000 500 750 1500 3000 750 1500
course tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes
1500 4000 1500 4000 1000 1500 2000 6000 1500 2500
50 mm
tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes
2000 6000 2000 6000 1500 2000 3000 8000 2000 3000
100 mm
tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

4.4 Quality control information shall be submitted bi-weekly to, and will be monitored by, the City of
Winnipeg, Research and Standards Engineer.

5. QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTING

5.1 The Contractor shall not deliver materials to site prior to approval of the Contract Administrator.

5.2 The Contract Administrator shall ensure that a minimum of one sample of base course and sub-
base materials are tested prior to starting construction in accordance with Section 2. The
Contract Administrator shall ensure that the materials are sampled in accordance with ASTM
D75 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.

5.3 If one test fails to meet the requirements of this Specification, the material shall be re-tested. If
the material fails again, the Contractor shall designate a new material source. The Contractor
shall reimburse the City for any additional costs the City incurs as a result of failed tests.

5.4 The Contract Administrator shall confirm that materials delivered to site are equal to or better
than the materials tested prior to construction by sampling from site and testing in accordance
with Section 2. The Contract Administrator shall be present to witness that the sampling is in
accordance with ASTM D75 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates. Where required, the
Contractor shall provide all necessary equipment or personnel to aid in the sampling.

5.5 The Contractor shall provide a weekly estimate of the material supplied to the Contract
Administrator.

5.6 The Contract Administrator shall ensure the frequency of quality assurance testing for base
course and sub-base materials during construction is in accordance with Table CW 3110.4
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TABLE CW 3110.4 – Quality Assurance Testing Frequency During Construction*

Granular B Granular C
Granular A Virgin Recycled Virgin Recycled
Aggregates Aggregates Aggregates Aggregates
Base course 1500 tonnes 1500 tonnes 1000 tonnes 3000 tonnes 1500 tonnes
50 mm 3000 tonnes 3000 tonnes 1500 tonnes 5000 tonnes 2000 tonnes
100 mm 5000 tonnes 5000 tonnes 2500 tonnes 8000 tonnes 4000 tonnes
*The minimum testing frequency for each size shall be one sample.

5.7 If the material fails consecutive tests or when a change in the properties of the materials
occurs, the use of the materials shall be discontinued until the Contractor proves the source to
be satisfactory.

5.8 The Contract Administrator shall apply a pay adjustment in accordance with Tables CW 3110.5
and CW 3110.6 against the entire quantity represented by the failed test(s) for materials that
have already been placed and compacted.

TABLE CW 3110.5 - Pay Adjustment for Percent Passing Outside Specified Limits for
Gradation Requirements Based on Average of the Failed Consecutive Tests
Percent Passing Outside Specified Limits for Sieves
1250, Percent of Price
125000, 75000, 37500, 20000, 5000, Reduction %
630,
100000 50000 25000 10000 2500
315, 80
<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 -- 0%
2 2 2 2 2 1 10%
3 3 3 3 3 1.5 15%
4 4 5 5 3 2 25%
Remove materials,
including those that
>4 >4 >5 >5 >3 >2
have already been
placed and compacted.

TABLE CW 3110.6 - Pay Adjustment for Percent Passing Outside Specified Limits for
Physical Property Requirements Based on Average of the Failed Consecutive Tests
Percentage of
Los Angeles Micro-Deval Atterberg Percent of Price
CBR Fractured
Abrasion Abrasion Limits Reduction %
Particles
<2 <3 <1 <3 <1 10%
3 5 1.5 5 2 15%
5 8 2 8 3 25%
Remove materials,
including those that
>5 >8 >2 >8 >3
have already been
placed and compacted.
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5.9 The pay adjustment will be the sum of the price reduction for each sieve and test listed in
Tables CW 3110.5 and CW 3110.6. If the pay adjustment exceeds 50%, the Contractor shall
remove the unacceptable materials, including those that have already been placed and
compacted.

5.10 The Contract Administrator shall be allowed access to all sampling locations and reserves the
right to take samples for testing at any time.

5.11 When more than one source is used for supplying materials, test data from each source and
material shall be managed independently. The Contractor shall reimburse the City for any
additional costs the City incurs as a result of using multiple sources.

5.12 The Contractor shall provide written notification to the Contract Administrator prior to changing
the aggregate source or type. The Contractor shall reimburse the City for any additional costs
the City incurs as a result of the change.

5.13 Determine the Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density for the sub-grade, sub-base and base
course materials at the optimum moisture content in accordance with ASTM Standard D698.
The test frequency shall follow the frequency in Section 5.6 and the Maximum Dry Density shall
be the average for each material. The field density of each sub-grade, sub-base and base
course layer will be a percentage of the Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density, in Sections
3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 of this Specification.

5.14 Verify the field density of the compacted layers by Field Density Tests in accordance with
ASTM Standard D6938, Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil
and Soil Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

5.15 The Contract Administrator shall ensure the frequency of field density tests during construction
is as follows:

5.15.1 For projects less than 2000 square meters: one field density test every 300 square
meters with a minimum of three (3) tests per material.

5.15.2 For projects greater than 2000 square meters: one field density test every 500 square
meters per material.

5.16 The Contract Administrator shall offset the field density tests as appropriate to provide
coverage across the full width of the construction area.

5.17 If a density test result is less than the required density, the area shall be reworked and retested.
The Contractor shall reimburse the City for any additional costs the City incurs as a result of
failed tests.

5.18 Field density tests must be carried out the same calendar day that compaction is completed;
otherwise the surface must be watered and given a minimum of three passes with the roller
prior to testing.

5.19 Testing in addition to the requirements of this Specification shall be as directed by the Contract
Administrator.

5.20 There shall be no charge for any materials taken for testing purposes.
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6. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

6.1 Pavement Removal

6.1.1 Pavement removal will be measured on an area basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price
per square meter for the ”Items of Work” listed here below. The area to be paid for will be the
total number of square metres of existing pavement removed in accordance with this
specification, accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

Items of Work:

Pavement Removal
i.) Concrete Pavement
ii.) Asphalt Pavement

6.1.2 Disposal of material will be included in the payment for the “Items of Works” listed for
pavement removal.

6.1.3 Curb and asphalt overlay will be included in the payment for the Item of Work if both are
removed in one operation with the pavement.

6.1.4 Payment for pavement over 300mm in thickness will be paid in ratio to the thickness over
300mm.

6.2 Stripping and Stockpiling Topsoil

6.2.1 Stripping and stockpiling topsoil will be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the
Contract Unit Price per cubic metre for “Stripping and Stockpiling Topsoil”. The volume to be
paid for will be the total number of cubic metres of existing topsoil stripped and stockpiled in
accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.3 Excavation

6.3.1 Excavation will be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per
cubic metre for “Excavation”. The volume to be paid for will be the total number of cubic
metres excavated in accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the
Contract Administrator.

6.3.2 The volume of excavation will be measured by cross-sections in its original position and
computed by the method of Average End Areas.

6.3.3 Only material excavated within the limits of excavation will be included in the payment for
“Excavation”.

6.3.4 Disposal of material, removal of miscellaneous trees, shrub and concrete bases unless
otherwise indicated in the Specifications, will be included in payment for “Excavation”.

6.3.5 Excavation of solid bedrock, glacial till, boulders, loose rock, concrete rubble and foundations
which are located within the limits of excavation and which require the use of additional or
unconventional excavation equipment will be measured and paid for in addition to the unit
price for excavation.
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6.4 Sub-grade Compaction

6.4.1. Sub-grade compaction will be measured on an area basis and paid for at the Contract Unit
Price per square metre for “Sub-Grade Compaction”. The area to be paid for will be the total
number of square metres of sub-grade compacted in accordance with this specification,
accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.5 Sub-grade Material

6.5.1 Suitable Site Sub-grade Material

6.5.1.1 The supplying, placing and compaction of suitable site sub-grade material will be
measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per cubic metre
for “Supplying and Placing Suitable Site Sub-grade Material”. The volume to be paid
for will be the total number of cubic metres of material compacted in place in
accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract
Administrator.

6.5.1.2 The volume of suitable site sub-grade material will be measured by cross-sections
and computed by the method of Average End Areas.

6.5.1.3 Only material placed within the limits of excavation will be included in the payment
for “Supplying and Placing Suitable Site Sub-grade Material”.

6.5.1.4 No measurement or payment will be made for materials rejected by the Contract
Administrator.

6.5.2 Imported Fill Material

6.5.2.1 Imported fill material will be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract
Unit Price per cubic metre for “Imported Fill Material”. The volume to be paid for will
be the total number of cubic metres of imported fill material supplied and placed in
accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract
Administrator.

6.5.2.2 The volume of imported fill material will be computed from cross-sections by the
method of Average End Areas.

6.5.2.3 No measurement or payment will be made for materials rejected by the Contract
Administrator.

6.6 Sub-base Material

6.6.1 Suitable Site Sub-base Material

6.6.1.1 The reloading, hauling, placing and compaction of suitable site sub-base material will
be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per cubic
metre for “Placing Suitable Site Sub-base Material". The volume to be paid for will
be the total number of cubic metres of suitable site sub-base material placed in
accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract
Administrator.
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6.6.1.2 The volume of suitable sub-base material will be measured by cross-sections and
computed by the method of Average End Areas.

6.6.1.3 Only material placed within the limits of excavation will be included in the payment
for “Placing Suitable Site Sub-base Material”.

6.6.1.4 No measurement or payment will be made for materials rejected by the Contract
Administrator.

6.6.2 Sub-base Material

6.6.2.1 The supplying, placing and compaction of sub-base material will be measured on a
weight basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per tonne for the “Supplying and
Placing Sub-base Material*” listed here below. The weight to be paid for will be the
total number of tonnes of sub-base material supplied and placed in accordance with
this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

Items of Work:
i.) 50 mm Granular A*
ii.) 50 mm Granular B*
iii.) 50 mm Granular C*
iv.) 100 mm Granular A*
v.) 100 mm Granular B*
vi.) 100 mm Granular C*

*Sub-base material may be specified.

6.6.2.2 The weight to be paid for will be the total number of tonnes of sub-base material as
measured on a certified weigh scale.

6.6.2.3 Only material placed within the limits of excavation will be included in the payment
for the “Items of Work” listed for sub-base material.

6.6.2.4 No measurement or payment will be made for materials rejected by the Contract
Administrator.

6.7 Base Course Material

6.7.1 The supplying, placing and compaction of base course material will be measured on a
volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per cubic metre for the “Supplying and
Placing Base Course Material*”. The volume to be paid for will be the total number of cubic
metres of base course material supplied and placed in accordance with this specification,
accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

Items of Work:
i.) Base Course Material - Granular A*
ii.) Base Course Material - Granular B*
iii.) Base Course Material - Granular C*

*Base course material may be specified.

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6.7.2 The volume of base course material will be measured by cross-sections and computed by
the method of Average End Areas.

6.7.3 Only material placed within the limits of excavation will be included in payment for
“Supplying and Placing Base Course Material”.

6.7.4 No measurement or payment will be made for materials rejected by the Contract
Administrator.

6.8 Leveling Course

6.8.1 No payment will be made for leveling course.

6.9 Grading of Boulevards

6.9.1 The grading of boulevards will be measured on an area basis and paid for at the Contract
Unit Price per square metre for “Grading of Boulevards”. The area to be paid for will be the
total number of square metres of boulevards graded in accordance with this specification,
accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.9.2 Additional excavation over 150 millimetres in depth required to complete boulevard grading
will be paid for as “Boulevard Excavation”.

6.9.3 Additional placement of backfill material over 150 millimetres in depth required to complete
boulevard grading will be paid as “Imported Fill Material”.

6.10 Ditch Grading

6.10.1 Ditch grading will be measured on an area basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price per
square metre for “Ditch Grading”. The area to be paid for will be the total number of square
metres of ditch graded in accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the
Contract Administrator.

6.10.2 Additional excavation over 300 millimetres in depth required to complete the ditch grading will
be paid for as “Ditch Excavation”.

6.10.3 Additional placement of backfill material over 300 millimetres in depth required to complete
the ditch grading will be paid as “Imported Fill Material”.

6.11 Boulevard Excavation

6.11.1 Boulevard excavation will be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit
Price per cubic metre for “Boulevard Excavation”. The volume to be paid for will be the total
number of cubic metres of boulevard excavated in accordance with this specification,
accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.11.2 The volume of excavation will be as measured by cross-sections in its original position and
computed by the method of Average End Areas.
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6.12 Ditch Excavation

6.12.1 Ditch excavation will be measured on a volume basis and paid for at the Contract Unit Price
per cubic metre for “Ditch Excavation”. The volume to be paid for will be the total number of
cubic metres of ditches excavated in accordance with this specification, accepted and
measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.12.2 The volume of excavation will be as measured by cross-sections in its original position and
computed by the method of Average End Areas.
6.13 Removal of Existing Concrete Bases

6.13.1 Removal of existing concrete bases will be measured on a unit basis and paid for at the
Contract Unit Price per unit for the “Items of Work” listed here below. The number of units to
be paid for will be the total number of existing concrete bases removed in accordance with
this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

Items of Work:

Removal of Existing Concrete Bases

i.) 600 mm Diameter or Less
ii.) Greater than 600 mm Diameter

6.13.2 No measurement or payment will be made for concrete bases removed for parking metres
and precast concrete bases for traffic signs.

6.14 Lime or Portland Cement

6.14.1 Lime for drying the sub-grade will be measured on a weight basis and paid for at the Contract
Unit Price per tonne for “Supplying and Placing Lime”. The weight to be paid for will be the
total number of tonnes of Lime supplied and placed in accordance with this specification,
accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.14.2 Portland Cement for drying the sub-grade will be measured on a weight basis and paid for at
the Contract Unit Price per tonne for “Supplying and Placing Portland Cement”. The weight
to be paid for will be the total number of tonnes of Portland Cement supplied and placed in
accordance with this specification, accepted and measured by the Contract Administrator.

6.14.3 The weight to be paid for will be the total number of tonnes of Lime or Portland Cement as
measured on a certified weigh scale.