Expt 11 - Bistable-Multivibrator (2020)

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Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.

ETC[2020]

Expt. No: 11 Date:

BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING TRANSISITOR


AIM:

To Design a Bistable Multivibrator & observe its response.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sr. No Component Specification Quantity


1. Transistor BC 107 / CL 100 1
2. Regulated Power (0-30V, 1A) 1
Supply
3. Resistors 1 k , 10k , 100K 2 each
4. Capacitors 10µF ,100µF,0.001 F, 0.33 F 2Nos
5. Diode IN4007 4 Nos.
CRO (20 Mhz, dual-trace), Breadboard, Function Generator, Multimeter, Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker, GEC.ETC 1


Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

THEORY:
A Bistable circuit is one which can exist indefinitely in either of two stable states and which
can be induced to make an abrupt transition from one state to the other by means of external
excitation. The Bistable circuit is also called as Bistable multivibrator, Eccles Jordon circuit,
Trigger circuit, Scale-of-2 toggle circuit, Flip-Flop & Binary.

A Bistable multivibratior is used in a many digital operations such as counting and the
storing of binary information. It is also used in the generation and processing of pulse-type
waveform. They can be used to control digital circuits and as frequency dividers. There are two
outputs available which are complements of one another. i.e. when one output is high the other is
low and vice versa .
When VCC is applied, one transistor will start conducting slightly more than that of the
other, because of some differences in the characteristics of a transistor. Let Q2 be ON and Q1 be
OFF. When Q2 is ON, The potential at the collector of Q2 decreases, which in turn will decrease
the potential at the base of Q1 due to potential divider action of R1 and R2. The potential at the
collector of Q1 increases which in turn further increases the base to emitter voltage at the base of
Q2. The voltage at the collector of Q2 further decreases, which in turn further reduces the voltage
at the base of Q1. This action will continue till Q2 becomes fully saturated and Q1 becomes fully
cutoff.

Thus the stable state of binary is such that one device remains in cut-off and other device
remains at saturation. It will be in that state until the triggering pulse is applied to it. It has two
stable states. For every transition of states triggering is required. At a time only one device will
be conducting.

NEED OF COMMUTATING CAPACITORS (SPEED UP CAPACITORS):


It is desired that the transition should take place as soon as the trigger pulse is applied but such is
not the case. When transistor is in active region it stores charge in its base and when it is in the
saturation region it stores even more charge. Hence transistor cannot come out of saturation to
cut- off. Until all such charges are removed. The interval during which conduction transfer one
transistor to other is called as the transition

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker, GEC.ETC 2


Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

Design Procedure:

-1.2 = (-15R1 + 0.2R2) /(R1 + R2) ; given R1=10K

R2 = 100K

Fmax = (R1 + R2)/2C R1 R2 R1 = 10K , R2 = 100K and C = 0.1µF

= (10 + 100) X 103 / (2 X 0.3 X 10-6 X 10 X 100 X 106) = 55KHz

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Apply trigger pulse of 1 KHz 5v (p-p) from function generator.
3. Obtain waveforms at different points such as VB1, VB2, VC1 & VC2.
4. Trace the waveform at collector and base of each transistor with the help of dual trace
CRO. Note the Time relation of waveforms.
.
Expected Waveforms:

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker, GEC.ETC 3


Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be made carefully.
2. Note down the parameters carefully.
3. The supply voltage levels should not exceed the maximum rating of the transistor.

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

QUESTIONS:
1. What do you mean by a bistable circuit?
2. What are the other names of a bistable multivibrator?
3. What do you mean by triggering signal?

4. What are the applications of Bistable Multivibrator?

5. What is the meaning of a stable state in a multi-vibrator?

6. Mention the names of different kinds of triggering used in the circuit shown?

7. What are the disadvantages of direct coupled Binary?

Ans.

The voltage swing is only a fraction of a volt and hence the binary is susceptible to serious
voltages. Triggering is difficult, since q2 is driven heavily into saturation, the storage time delay
will be large and switching speed will be low [1].

Reference: https://studentboxoffice.in

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker, GEC.ETC 4

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