Head Lice Research CHAPTER 1

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Head lice are wingless insects spending their entire lives on the human scalp and feeding

exclusively on human blood. Humans are the only known host of this specific parasite while

chimpanzees host a closely related species, pediculus schaeffi. Other species of lice infest most

orders of mammals and all others of birds, as well as other parts of the human body.

Lies differ from other hematophagic ectoparasites such as fleas in spending their entire

life cycle on a host. Head lice cannot fly, and their short, stumpy legs render them incapable of

jumping, or even walking efficiently on a flat surfaces.

The non-disease-carrying head louse differs from the related disease carrying body louse

(pediculus humanus humanus) in preffering to attack eggs to scalp hair rather than to clothing.

The two subspecies are morphologically almost identical, but do not normally interbreed,

although they will do so in laboratory conditions. From genetic studies, they are thought to have

diverged as subspecies about 30,000-110,000 years ago, when many human begun to wear a

significant amount of clothing a much more instantly related species of hair-clinging louse.

However, in the case of head lice, there are treatments that could possibly help humans to

solve their problem regarding on those species.

Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high abstract level

of anxiety among parents of school-aged children. Since the 2010 clinical report on head lice was

published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, newer medications have been approved for

the treatment of head lice. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment
protocols and provides guidance for the management of children with head lice in the school

setting.

Averrhoa ballimbi (kamias) is a small tree, growing 5 to 12 meters high. Leaves are

pinnate, 20 to 60 centimeters long, with hairy rachis and leaflets. Leaflets are opposite, 10 to 17

pairs, oblong, 5 to 10 centimeters in length. Panicles growing from the trunk and larger branches

are hairy, 15 centimeters long or less. Flowers are about 1.5 centimeters long, and slightly

fragrant. Fruit is a green and edible, about 4 centimeters long, subcylindric, or with 5 obscure,

broad, rounded, longitudinal lobes. Considered antibacterial, astringent, antiscorbutic, febrifuge,

antidiabetic, stomachic, refrigerant. Fruit considered astringent, refrigerant and stomachic.

Studies haves shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antifertility and

antibacterial properties.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims create a safe treatment that could help minimize the problem about head

lice affecting one’s health

It seeks to answer the following questions:

1.) What are the kinds of head lice? And its effect to humans health

2.) How serious is the problem of head lice?

3.) What is present in kamias and ginger to be a head lice treatment?

Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on creating a treatment that much safer and available for head lice, to

contribute and help especially students who is currently suffering from having head lice.
Significance of the Study

This study will be advantageous to the literature of having a management and treatment to head

lice, head lice infestations can be prevented, because young children come into head-to-head

contact with each other frequently.

The result of the study is Beneficial to the various sectors as follows:

Students. This study benefit the students, especially the primary student to their problem about

head lice, especially when their health is being affected.

Parents. This research also benefits the parents by having an effective treatment that is cheaper

and much more safe for their children suffering from head lice problem.

Environment. This study will be beneficial to the environment, for it requires natural product of

nature.

Future Researchers. This study can help future researchers in the value and effectiveness of

ginger and kamias.

VI. Definition of Terms

 Averrhoa ballimbi - is a small tree, growing 5 to 12 meters high. Leaves are pinnate, 20

to 60 centimeters long, with hairy rachis and leaflets.

 Head louse- The head louse is an obligate ectoparasite of humans that causes head lice

infestation.

 Hematophagic/hematophagy- is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood.

 Ectoparasite- An ectoparasite is a parasite that lives externally on another animal, but

does not kill it

 Pediculus schaeffi- Citation information points to the most recent interpretation of the

taxon name (not the original, which is absent from the sucking louse checklist).
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

it improves
circulation
and leaves
your hair
feeling tingly
with a fresh
smell.

kamias or bilimbi. The Ginger has essential fatty


sour fruit is a natural kamias and ginger acids, which prevent
source of vitamins B as a head lice your hair from
and C, iron, phosphorus treatment thinning. Ginger also cures
and antioxidants. which dandruff since it has a natural
will help in combating antiseptic that controls scalp
head lice problems.

contains
circulatory
agents that
stimulate the
flow of blood on
the scalp,
increasing blood
circulation

Hypothesis

The 25% of kamias and 25% of ginger is not effective as and lice treatment.

The 50% kamias solution including its leaves and 50% of ginger including its skin

is not effective.

100% of kamias and 50% of ginger including its skin is the most effective to kill

head lices.

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