Fake News

Serquina, Johniza Hope G.
February 14, 2020

BSN II A Mr. Reniel Sanchez
1. What is fake news?

“Fake news” is a term used to refer to fabricated news. Fake news is an invention – a lie created
out of nothing – that takes the appearance of real news with the aim of deceiving people. This is
what is important to remember: the information is false, but it seems true. In short, fake news is
 Authentic material used in the wrong context

 Imposter news sites designed to look like brands we already know
 Fake news sites
 Fake information
 Manipulated content
 Parody content
2. Types of fake news?

Fabrication: An intentional lie that doesn’t usually go beyond one source. The source is
probably aware that the story is false. Depends heavily on clickbait. Think of these like an
evolution of fake tabloid stories.
Hoax: Uses more sophisticated methods of fooling an audience, like forged evidence or social
media manipulation. Often spread by multiple sources, some of which may believe the story is
true.
Satire: A false news story that the source presents as true as a joke. When satire is shared with
people that aren’t familiar with the source, there’s always a chance someone will think it’s real.
Advertisement: Information that is sponsored by a person or organization to promote a brand or
product. The conflict of interest created by paying for the presentation of the information means
that ads are not reliable sources of factual information.
Bias: An inclination or tendency, used especially when it leads to unfair or unreasonable
treatment. There are all kinds of biases, including bias for or against a political affiliation, nation,
race, gender, class, or many other things. Having a bias doesn't necessarily mean someone is
trying to deceive you, but it can cause them to ignore information that disagrees with their
perspective.
Clickbait: Something (usually a headline) that is intended to lure you into clicking on a link that
would otherwise be uninteresting. Clickbait isn't necessarily deceitful, but it can often result in
outrageous or upsetting headlines that aren't backed up in the article.
Conspiracy Theory: A pattern of thinking that holds that the truth about a situation is being
suppressed by powerful people. Deceitful sources often use conspiracy theory to cultivate the
false idea that any source that disagrees with them can't be trusted.
Propaganda: Information that is promoted specifically to advance or hinder a cause or
organization, used especially in the context of nations or ideologies. Propaganda might be
factually correct or incorrect, but it is biased by definition and therefore not a reliable source of
factual information.
Rumor: Unverified information that is spread on the assumption that it may be true. Many
sources specialize in reporting on rumors, but one should always wait for confirmation from
authoritative sources before treating this kind of information as fact.
Scam: An act in which one uses fraudulent information to profit somehow from victims that
believe the information is true. Scams might not be "fake news" themselves, but fake news can
often be used to support a scam.
3. Characteristics of fake news?

In the most general form, fake news has three characteristics:
 Factually inaccurate
 Optimized for sharing
 Meant to obscure or distort with emotions; preying on prejudice or bias
4. How to identify or spot a fake news?

 Take a closer look
Check the source of the story, do you recognise the website? Is it a credible/reliable source? If
you are unfamiliar with the site, look in the about section or find out more information about the
author.
 Look beyond the headline
Check the entire article, many fake news stories use sensationalist or shocking headlines to grab
attention. Often the headlines of fake new stories are in all caps and use exclamation points.
 Check other sources
Are other reputable news/media outlets reporting on the story? Are there any sources in the
story? If so, check they are reliable or if they even exist!
 Check the facts
Fake news stories often contain incorrect dates or altered timelines. It is also a good idea to
check when the article was published, is it current or an old news story?
 Check your biases
Are your own views or beliefs affecting your judgement of a news feature or report?
 Is it a joke?
Satirical sites are popular online and sometimes it is not always clear whether a story is just a
joke or parody… Check the website, is it known for satire or creating funny stories?
5. How to handle/manage fake news?

 Break out of your information bubble
Seek out news from a variety of sources. Traditional news sources are not neutral. All news
agencies report or publish stories based on what they consider to be newsworthy. Make it a habit
to look at established news sources from all sides of the political spectrum. In addition to this,
don't limit how news is delivered to you. Don't rely on your Facebook or other social media
venues to give you your news.
 Use different search engines
Try using different search engines. Search engines are not neutral. Search engines keep track of
your search habits and try to customize your search hits based on your past searching habits and
where you live.
 Know that fake news and biases exist
Be critical of your own personal, moral and political biases when reading information or news.
Don't get suckered into immediately agreeing with information that matches your personal belief
set.
 Develop a healthy dose of skepticism
When reading anything, even from traditional news sources, be skeptical. Look for information,
photos, language that is meant to sway you to a particular point of view. Even when reading
something from a traditional news source or something that your favourite aunt, nephew or child
shares with you.
 Dig deeper
Try to verify what you are reading from other sources. Look for those elements that indicate that
what you are reading may be fake.
 Question language, social conventions, and taboos being used to define issues and
problems
How does your news outlet refer to or describe conflict/issues? Inflammatory words, polarizing
positioning, stereotypes or imagery.
 Give breaking news stories time to develop
The full story takes time to report accurately. Breaking news stories will often get the facts
wrong. Give time for a story to be discovered. Hold off on your opinions and judgment on a
story until more information is known to reporters.
6. Search and capture a fake news in social media, (Facebook, etc), and make a
personal narrative explanation why it is fake!
This fake news is captured from a friend of mine who is sharing an article about the
spread of NCoV in San Jacinto, Pangasinan. As I open the article, it doesn’t show the real
statement but rather the petition form you will sign to band the Chinese people from in the PH.
Honestly speaking, I was alarmed and scared when I first saw it because it’s my hometown. I’m
afraid that it might spread in our place.
People nowadays are so fast to believe to news that they are not sure about it. They don’t
even check the content of it and just share it based on the title. But seriously, sharing withoit
knowing the content can lead to misinterpretation. Last February 10, 2020, The Department of
Health Pangasinan announced that the article being shared/ news being said was FAKE NEWS.
It is not true that there is a case of NCov nor a person under investigation.
As stated above, we have to look beyond the headline because sometimes we are
extremely excited to share it with others. We need to use our critical thinking in terms of
identifying news whether it is fake or true. In relation to being a nurse, we need to run-through
that in our nursing practice because we are the one who is taking care of the lives of our patient.
Example would be: if we are in doubt on the prescription of the physician who forgot to sign it,
don’t be afraid to ask to avoid committing mistakes and error. All that we need to deliver to our
patients should be purely facts and not fakes to prevent misunderstanding.
References:
Research Guides: Fake News: What is Fake News? (1148). Retrieved from
https://guides.zsr.wfu.edu/fakenews
Research Guides: Fake News: Characteristics of Fake News & Media Bias. (1003). Retrieved from
https://libguides.tru.ca/fakenews/characteristics
Explained: What is Fake news? | Social Media and Filter Bubbles. (2018, July 2). Retrieved from
https://www.webwise.ie/teachers/what-is-fake-news/?
fbclid=IwAR1rIUKStuEuP9QTbpnAQK9_HZc1sXOCPcD8Jtv_IYiIZfqN5QXsdGNEgec
LibGuides: Keepin' It Real: Tips & Strategies for Evaluating Fake News: Fake News. (2019, September 17).
Retrieved from https://libguides.lmu.edu/c.php?g=595781&p=4121899

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Serquina, Johniza Hope G.

February 14, 2020

1. What is fake news?

 Authentic material used in the wrong context

2. Types of fake news?

3. Characteristics of fake news?

4. How to identify or spot a fake news?

5. How to handle/manage fake news?

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