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    Lecture 2 Stem Modifications

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    Lance Carandang
    This document discusses and provides examples of different types of modified plant structures, including runners, rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, corms, tubers, phylloclades, tendrils, pitchers, cataphylls, and glandular tentacles. It includes diagrams and descriptions of how structures like stems, leaves, and petioles can take on specialized forms and functions like storage, reproduction, attachment and prey capture in different plant species.

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    Lecture 2 Stem Modifications

    Uploaded by

    Lance Carandang
    117 views61 pages
    This document discusses and provides examples of different types of modified plant structures, including runners, rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, corms, tubers, phylloclades, tendrils, pitchers, cataphylls, and glandular tentacles. It includes diagrams and descriptions of how structures like stems, leaves, and petioles can take on specialized forms and functions like storage, reproduction, attachment and prey capture in different plant species.

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    This document discusses and provides examples of different types of modified plant structures, including runners, rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, corms, tubers, phylloclades, tendrils, pitchers, cataphylls, and glandular tentacles. It includes diagrams and descriptions of how structures like stems, leaves, and petioles can take on specialized forms and functions like storage, reproduction, attachment and prey capture in different plant species.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views61 pages

    Lecture 2 Stem Modifications

    Uploaded by

    Lance Carandang
    This document discusses and provides examples of different types of modified plant structures, including runners, rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, corms, tubers, phylloclades, tendrils, pitchers, cataphylls, and glandular tentacles. It includes diagrams and descriptions of how structures like stems, leaves, and petioles can take on specialized forms and functions like storage, reproduction, attachment and prey capture in different plant species.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Horizontally growing shoots

    Vertically-growing underground
    shoots with fleshy leaves and
    a short stem

    Horizontally
    growing stems,
    plantlets grow
    along nodes

    Enlarged tips of
    rhizomes
    Taro (gabi) corm- vertically
    growing enlarged stem
    Runners:
    • In some weak
    stemmed plants the
    stems creep on the
    soil and are rooted at
    every node.
    • When the internode
    break off, the nodes
    lead an independent
    life.

    Runners- in grasses,
    horizontally-growing stems
     Long slender
    branches
    which arise
    from the
    base of the
    stem grow
    obliquely
    downwards.

     When these
    branches
    touch the soil
    they produce
    adventitious
    roots.
    •
    Runner of mint plant
    runners

    Strawberry - hold runner in place with a hairpion or


    clothespin or stone. When runners are firmly rooted,
    sever them from the mother plant and plant
    somewhere
    Rooting of runners in strawberry
    Muehlenbeckia
    flattened, green
    stems called
    cladodes or
    phylloclades

    internode

    nodes

    Have scars
    where
    leaves have
    fallen off
    Cylindrical
    phylloclades
    Asparagus - cladode
    Rhizome-storage and reproduction

    Node internode
    Turmeric- luyang dilaw
    Overlapping leaves

    2 bulblets

    Basal plate (stem), has


    remains of previous
    season’s root

    At base of each leaf there is a series


    of axillary buds that can grow to form
    pffset bulbs.

    2 bulblets in photo have formed in a single


    bulb. Each bulblet can be separated
    to form an individual bulb which can be used
    to maintain the line asexually.
    cloves

    head
    Garlic shoot

    Longitudinal section
    of a clove

    REDUCE ANXIETY
    Research has found that enzymes in
    garlic can help increase the release of
    serotonin, a neurochemical that
    makes you feel relaxed.
    garlic
    onions
    Thorns are modified
    leaves.

    Green, fleshy organ


    is the stem

    Cactus
    The leaf-nature of
    spines is certainly
    understandable from
    the point of view of
    location: spine
    primordia look just like
    leaf primordia and are
    produced at a location
    where we would expect
    leaf primordia – at the
    base of the axillary
    Spines are leaves in cactus
    bud’s shoot apical
    meristem.
    Bougainvillea
    bracts get
    their color
    from betalains
    Pigments present are Pointsettia pulcherrima flowers
    called betalains

    Betalains and
    anthocyanins are
    water-soluble
    pigments found in
    the vacuoles of plant
    cells. Betalains
    contain nitrogen
    whereas
    anthocyanins do not
    tendril is a specialized stem,
    leaf or petiole with a threadlike
    shape that is used by climbing
    plants for support and
    attachment, generally by
    twining around whatever it
    touches. They do not have a
    lamina or blade, but they can
    photosynthesize.
    Leaf tendrils of peas
    Cadena de amor grape

    Leaf tendrils
    Passiflora stem tendril - the leaf
    subtends buds that develop into
    tendrils
    Stem tendrils
    Pitcher plant = modified leaf apex
    Nepenthes
    An epiascidiate leaf. If meristematic activity
    continues the lamina can become funnel-shaped
    forming a container
    pitcher still sealed, ready to pop open
    Cycas – cataphylls
    Drosera (sundew)

    Sticky glandular tentacles


    (modified leaves)
    that entrap insects .
    Leaves curl up enclosing
    insects
    When prey comes on the leaf blade, all tentacles bend and
    cover it with slime, contain digestive enzymes. Rapid
    movement of tentacles in 10-30 seconds after touching.
    Tentacles that were not touched with prey moves slowly.

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