Leadership: True/False Questions
Leadership: True/False Questions
Leadership: True/False Questions
Leadership
True/False Questions
1. Leadership occurs among people, involves the use of influence, and is used to attain goals.
2. Leadership is reciprocal.
5. Intelligence, verbal ability, and high values are three distinguishing personal characteristics
associated with successful leaders.
6. Self-confidence, honesty and integrity, enthusiasm, and the desire to lead, are all
intelligence and ability components of personal characteristics of leaders.
7. Ohio State University researchers identified two major behaviors called consideration and
initiating structure.
8. Consideration is the extent to which the leader is task oriented and directs subordinate work
activities toward goal attainment.
10. Ohio State's "high-high" style is not always the best, according to new research.
11. The leaderhsip grid suggests a two-dimensional leadership theory that measures a
leader's concern for people and concern for production.
12. Job-centered leaders are those leaders that establish high performance goals and display
supportive behavior toward subordinates.
13. The country club management style (1,9) stresses high service and concern for
guests or customers, sometimes to the detriment of employees of the firm.
14. To match the leader's style with the situation by changing factors in the situation to
achieve the best match is the basic idea with Fiedler's contingency theory.
15. According to Fiedler, leader-member relations, task structure and task consideration
are the three factors that combine to determine the leadership situation.
16. Task Structure refers to the extent to which the leader has formal authority over
subordinates.
17. According to Fiedler, the task-oriented leader excels in the favorable situation whereas
relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of moderate favorability.
19. Situational theory model is easier to understand than Fiedler’s model, but it incorporates
only the characteristics of followers, not those of the situation.
20. According to Hersey and Blanchard, the telling style is appropriate for followers with
moderate readiness.
21. The leader can increase employee motivation, according to the Path-Goal theory, by
either (1) clarifying the employee's path to accomplish goals, or (2) maximizing the
value of the rewards available to successful employees.
22. If someone believes in telling their subordinates exactly what they are supposed to do, then
they are exercising a supportive leader behavior, according to the Path-Goal theory.
23. The work environment contingencies, according to the Path-Goal theory, include the degree
of task structure, the nature of the formal authority system, and the work group itself.
24. A substitute counteracts the leadership style and prevents the leader from displaying certain
behaviors.
25. A neutralizer is a situational variable that counteracts a leadership style and prevents the
leader from displaying certain behaviors.
26. A transactional leader is an inspirational leader who has the ability to motivate
subordinates, through personal transactions, to transcend their normal performance.
28. The potential ability to influence the behavior and decisions of other people is power.
30. Legitimate, reward, and expert powers are all forms of position power.
31. The type of power that results from the leader's legitimate authority, based upon his
or her position within the organization, is called coercive power.
32. When Bob shouts at Tara in public for not finishing her work and suspends her for two
days, he is using his coercive power.
33. The powers most likely to generate resistance from employees are legitimate and reward
powers.
34. Two types of personal powers are expert and reward powers.
35. Referent power is the type of power that results from political referrals.
36. Empowering employees works because total power in the organization seems to increase.
38. A servant leader is a leader who works to fulfill subordinates needs and goals as well as to
achieve the organization’s larger mission.
a. motivation.
b. leadership.
c. persuasion.
d. commitment.
e. organizational citizenship.
2. All of the following are essential parts of any definition of leadership EXCEPT
a. influence.
b. people.
c. goals.
d. coercive power.
e. a and b only.
a. it is dynamic.
b. it is a problem-solving activity.
c. it occurs between people.
d. redundant.
e. it always creates conflict.
4. Raj has the ability to convince others to work toward organizational objectives.
This ability is known as
Chapter Fifteen * Leadership
Test Bank * Page 413
a. motivation.
b. leadership.
c. commitment.
d. a conceptual skill.
e. personal agenda.
a. traits.
b. sources of power.
c. leadership styles.
d. leadership behaviors.
e. personal preferences.
7. In general, research has found a relationship between personal traits and leader
success.
a. strong
b. weak
c. positive
d. negative
e. inverse
8. Recently, Collie Care was attempting to hire a middle manager. They were looking for an
intelligent, active, and creative individual. Which approach to leadership was Collie using?
a. Personality traits
b. Physical traits
c. Social traits
d. Work-related traits
e. All of the above
10. The effectiveness and appropriateness of a set of leader traits depends on all of these
EXCEPT
a. the organization.
b. the subordinate.
c. the leader.
d. the competitors..
e. b and c only.
11. Self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and the desire to lead, are all components of which
personal characteristic of leaders?
a. Physical characteristics
b. Intelligence and Ability
c. Personality
d. Social Characteristics
e. Social Background
12. Janelle Jenkins at CompuSync show vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and
keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing?
a. Physical characteristics
b. Intelligence and Ability
c. Personality
d. Social Characteristics
e. Social Background
13. Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called
14. Bernetta is a manager at Winans International. She is very friendly and extremely
respectful of her subordinate's welfare. She can be described as
16. According to research conducted at the Ohio State University, which of the following
combinations produced the highest levels of performance and satisfaction?
17. According to the most recent research on the leader behaviors of consideration and initiating
18. The Michigan researchers used the term for leaders who established high
performance goals and displayed supportive behavior toward subordinates.
a. job-centered leaders
b. employee-centered leaders
c. initiating structure
d. consideration
e. impoverished management
19. The less effective leaders, in the University of Michigan studies, were called
a. job-centered leaders.
b. employee-centered leaders.
c. initiating structure.
d. consideration.
e. impoverished management.
20. and proposed a two dimensional leadership theory called the Leadership
Grid.
a. Blake; Mouton
b. Hersey; Blanchard
c. Vroom; Yetton
d. Tannenbaum; Schmidt
e. Evans; House
a. 1,9.
b. 9,1.
22. According to the leadership grid, which of these is a 1,9 management style?
a. Team Management
b. Country Club Management
c. Middle of the Road Management
d. Impoverished Management
e. Authority-Compliance
23. Which Management style reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and
production?
a. Team Management
b. Country Club Management
c. Middle of the Road Management
d. Impoverished Management
e. Authority-Compliance
24. ______, according to the Leadership Grid, occurs when efficiency in operations is the
dominant orientation.
a. Team Management
b. Country Club Management
c. Middle of the Road Management
d. Impoverished Management
e. Authority-Compliance
25. The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called
a. Fred Fiedler.
b. Hersey and Blanchard.
c. Blake and Mouton.
d. Evans and House.
e. None of the above.
27. ______ is a model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles
and specific organizational situations.
a. Contingency approach
b. Behavioral approach
c. Trait approach
d. Organizational approach
e. None of the above
29. Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were
30. __________ refers to group atmosphere and members’ attitude toward and acceptance of
the leader.
31. Fiedler used all of the following to describe the situation EXCEPT
a. leader-member relations.
b. task structure.
c. personal power.
d. position power.
e. all of the above were used by Fiedler to describe the situation.
32. The extent to which tasks performed by the group are defined, involve specific procedures,
and have clear, explicit goals is called
a. task structure.
b. leader relations.
c. contingency.
d. position power.
e. leader-member relations.
a. high favorability
b. moderate favorability
c. high unfavorability
d. no favorability
e. none of the above
34. The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary
in their
a. readiness level.
b. satisfaction level.
c. level of commitment.
a. Theory of leadership
b. ERG Theory
c. Situational theory
d. Contingency theory
e. Leadership
36. According to the situational theory of Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following leader
styles matches up best with low readiness subordinates?
a. Delegating style
b. Selling style
c. Telling style
d. Participating style
e. None of the above
37. Martin is a manager at Anderson Arches, Inc. Hersey and Blanchard would consider most
of his subordinates highly ready. Based on this, which of the following leadership styles is
best for Martin?
a. Participating
b. Delegating
c. Selling
d. Telling
e. Forcing
38. According to Hersey and Blanchard, ______ works best for employees with moderate
readiness.
39. A key difference between the theories of Fiedler and Hersey and Blanchard is that
a. Fiedler considered only task characteristics, while Hersey and Blanchard focused on
the individual.
b. Hersey and Blanchard placed a greater emphasis on task characteristics than did
Fiedler.
c. Fiedler examined a variety of characteristics, while Hersey and Blanchard focused
solely on the individual.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.
a. contingency theory
b. the work of Fred Fiedler
c. path-goal theory
d. the theory of charismatic leadership
e. ll of the above
41. According to the path-goal theory, leader behavior that shows concern for subordinate's
well being is known as
a. achievement-oriented leadership.
b. participative leadership.
c. supportive leadership.
d. directive leadership.
e. none of the above.
a. Supportive leadership
b. Directive leadership
c. Participative leadership
d. Achievement-Oriented leadership
e. None of the above
43. According to the path-goal theory, ______ occurs when leaders set clear and challenging
goals for subordinates.
a. achievement-oriented leadership
b. supportive leadership
c. directive leadership
d. participative leadership
e. concern for production
44. Tina is a supervisor at Dawson Dolls. She always makes it a point to tell her subordinates
exactly what to do. According to path-goal theory, this is an example of
a. participative leadership.
b. directive leadership.
c. supportive leadership.
d. achievement-oriented leadership.
e. consideration leadership.
45. Which leader behavior from the path-goal theory is similar to the initiating-structure
leadership?
a. Supportive leadership
b. Directive leadership
c. Participative leadership
d. Achievement-Oriented leadership
e. None of the above
46. ________ means that the leader consults with his or her subordinates about decisions.
a. Supportive leadership
b. Directive leadership
c. Participative leadership
d. Achievement-Oriented leadership
e. None of the above
47. Which of the following are important work environment contingencies in path-goal theory?
49. A ______ is a situational variable that makes a leadership style unnecessary or redundant.
a. neutralizer
b. substitute
c. contingency
d. transaction
e. transformation
a. substitutes
b. neutralizers
c. contingencies
d. citizenship
e. transformation
51. Which of the following could substitute for a directive leadership style?
a. An unambiguous task
b. A highly structured task
52. ______ leaders clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates.
a. Transactional
b. Charismatic
c. Transformational
d. Supportive
e. Team
53. A __________ leader is one who has the ability to motivate subordinated to transcend their
expected performance
a. transactional
b. charismatic
c. traditional
d. supportive
e. team
a. less emotional
b. more predictable
c. less predictable
d. more directive
e. none of the above
55. Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include
a. visionary skills.
b. communication skills.
c. motivation skills.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
a. Transactional leader
b. Supportive leader
c. Charismatic leader
d. People-oriented leader
e. Production-oriented leader
57. The _______ leader is distinguished by their ability to bring about organizational change.
a. transformational
b. participative
c. charismatic
d. achievement-oriented
e. people-oriented leader
58. Which of these is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others?
a. Leadership
b. Management
c. Power
d. Control
e. Motivation
59. Which type of power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order,
and problem solving within the structure?
a. Motivation
b. Position
c. Leadership
d. Control
e. Referent
60. __________ power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the
organization, such as personal interests, goals, and values.
61. ______ is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization.
a. Referent power
b. Coercive power
c. Reward power
d. Legitimate power
e. Expert power
62. Aaron does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to
do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of
a. referent power.
b. legitimate power.
c. coercive power.
d. reward power.
e. expert power.
63. Which of the following sources of power is most likely to generate compliance in
followers?
a. Legitimate power
b. Expert power
c. Coercive power
d. Referent power
e. Personal power
64. Linda uses praise, letters of support, and pats on the back as ways of influencing her
subordinate's behaviors. All of these actions are highly valued by the work group. This is
an example of
a. coercive power.
65. _________ power is based in the ability of the leader to do such things as recommend
promotions.
a. Coercive
b. Expert
c. Reward
d. Referent
e. Personal
a. Coercive
b. Reward
c. Expert
d. Referent
e. Personal
67. Nancy, a middle manager at Sara’s Satchels, uses threats and punishments as ways of
influencing the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is
Nancy relying on?
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Expert power
d. Referent power
e. Personal power
a. Reward
b. Expert
c. Coercive
d. Legitimate
69. Moesha is a manager at Technology Advancements. Moesha uses threats and punishment
to influence the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following responses is Moesha
likely to encounter?
a. Compliance
b. Resistance
c. Commitment
d. Satisfaction
e. Citizenship
a. reward power.
b. referent power.
c. legitimate power.
d. coercive power.
e. none of the above.
a. formal title.
b. position in the hierarchy.
c. personal characteristics.
d. salary.
e. reward power.
a. Expert
b. Referent
c. Coercive
d. Reward
e. Legitimate
a. Compliance
b. Commitment
c. Resistance
d. Satisfaction
e. Necessity
a. Servant
b. Transactional
c. Transformational
d. Charismatic
e. Interactive
Scenario Questions
Scenario—Shawn McClelland
The mandatory leadership-training seminar had just been concluded. All of the newly promoted
managers at Scottie’s Sandals had been asked to attend and participate in the two-day seminar, and
Shawn McClelland had been fascinated with what she had learned. She is now reviewing the
material she covered.
1. Shawn recognizes that her power can come from five sources, including all of the following
EXCEPT
a. referent power.
b. reward power.
c. coercive power.
d. mechanistic power.
e. All of the sources of power.
Answer: d Type: A
2. Shawn will develop strong skills in working with her people and also strong ability in
accomplishing the task achieving the goals of Scottie’s Sandals. On the managerial grid,
a. 1,1.
b. 9,9.
c. 9,1.
d. 1,9.
e. 5,5.
Answer: b Type: A
3. Shawn places maximum value on developing her people and, on Fiedler's questionnaire
scored as a high LPC leader. The best situation for her would include all of the following
EXCEPT
Answer: b Type: A
Short-Answer Questions
1. The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals is known as _______.
4. is the extent to which the leader is task oriented and directs subordinate
work activities toward goal attainment.
5. List the two dimensions used in Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid.
Page: 556
6. A model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and
specific organizational situations is called a approach
8. __________ refers to group atmosphere and members’ attitude toward and acceptance of
the leader.
9. A contingency approach to leadership that links the leader's behavioral style with the task
readiness of subordinates is called the .
11. The involvement of leader behavior that shows concern for subordinate’ well being and
personal needs refers to __________.
12. __________ means that the leader consults with his or her subordinates about decisions
13. A(n) ______ for leadership makes the leadership style unnecessary or redundant.
14. A situational variable that counteracts a leadership style is known as a(n) _______.
16. The has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would
normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice.
17. A(n) _______ leader is distinguished by a special ability to bring about innovation and
change.
19. Power coming from a formal management position in an organization and the authority
granted to it is called .
20. Power that results from the authority to reward others is called .
21. Power that stems from the authority to punish or recommend punishment is called
.
23. Power resulting from a leader's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks performed
by followers is referred to as .
24. Power that results from characteristics that command subordinates' identification with,
respect and admiration for and desire to emulate the leader is called .
25. The purpose of _______ leadership is to bring the follower's higher motives to the work
and connect them to the organization's mission and goals.
26. In __________, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence
derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority.
Essay Questions
1. What is the basic difference between consideration behavior and initiating structure
behavior?
ANSWER:
The difference between these two major leadership behaviors is their focus. The focus of
consideration behavior is people, with the leader being mindful of subordinates,
respecting their ideas and feelings, and building trust. Initiating structure has a task
orientation, with the leader directing subordinate work activities toward goal attainment,
giving instructions, planning, and scheduling.
2. What three factors combine to create the situation in Leadership Contingency Theory and
what combination of the three best matches a low LPC style? Explain.
ANSWER:
The three factors are leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. The
best combination for a match with low LPC leaders is good leader-member relations,
high task structure, and strong position power.
3. Describe the three situational elements under Fiedler’s Contingency Theory that can be
described as either favorable or unfavorable.
ANSWER:
Chapter Fifteen * Leadership
Test Bank * Page 434
Leader-member relations refers to group atmosphere and members’ attitude toward and
acceptance of the leader. Task structure refers to the extent to which tasks performed by
the group are defined. Position power is the extent to which the leader has formal
authority over subordinated.
4. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, one of the leader's roles is to increase
rewards. Briefly explain this role.
ANSWER:
There are three dimensions to the leader's role of increasing rewards. First, the leader
must learn the follower's needs. Second, the leader must match the follower's needs to
rewards if work outcomes are accomplished. Finally, the leader must increase the value
of work outcomes for the follower.
ANSWER:
A substitute is a situational variable that makes a leadership style unnecessary or
redundant. A neutralizer is a situational variable that counteracts a leadership style and
prevents the leader from displaying certain behaviors.
ANSWER:
A charismatic leader has the ability to motivate subordinates to transcend their expected
performance. Vision, value, and trust mark their impact. They tend to have an
emotional impact on followers. Transformational leaders are distinguished from
charismatic leaders by their special ability to bring about innovation and change. They
usually emerge to take an organization through a major strategic change, focusing on the
intangible qualities that facilitate the change process.
7. What are the five bases of power and which one is generally the most expensive to use?
ANSWER:
The five bases of power are legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, and referent. The most
expensive base to use is coercive power because of the devastating impact on
relationships and the resulting loss of motivation and loss of potential performance.