Mind Map Activity

Activity.
Based on the reading below do a mind map ( you have to use pictures or
drawings about the information, different kind of colors for each branch of the
mind map, and the specific keywords for the information
Civil Engineering Branches
Civil engineering is the design, implementation, and maintenance of public works. This involves
facilities and structures such as arenas, large scale monuments, government buildings,
transportation routes as well as other structures. Engineers will either work for the city or for a
private firm that has been hired by the city. Some civil engineers work in the private sector on
projects for independent companies.There are several types of civil engineering. A civil engineer
can specialize in a number of different civil engineering branches. Those branches are described
briefly below:
1. Structural Engineering
2. Geotechnical Engineering
3. Environmental Engineering
4. Transportation Engineering
5. Water Resource Engineering
6. Earthquake Engineering
7. Material Engineering
8. Construction Engineering
9. Surveying
10. Municipal Engineering
11. Coastal Engineering
12. Tunnel Engineering
Structural Engineering
This branch of civil engineering encompasses

the structural analysis and design of structures.
It is the responsibility of the structural engineer
to analyze and design a structure that will safely
bear or resist the stresses, forces and loads. The
design must satisfy the project specifications
while meeting all safety regulations. The
structure must endure massive loads as well as
natural disasters and climate changes.
Major specialties:
• Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading

• Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
• Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and
construction
• Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
Geotechnical Engineering
In geotechnical engineering, the engineer studies soil, foundations, and bearing capacities. The
engineer will study the behavior of the earth materials and how they will affect a structure that is
to be constructed. They will also evaluate pre-existing structures that are showing signs of problems
with the earth materials under or near the structure.
Major specialties:
• Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth
• Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that support
superstructures
Environmental Engineering
This civil engineering type is the study of environment friendly designs, pollution and their
resolutions and sewage management. Many engineers focus solely upon the crisis of pollution and
coming up with solutions as well as determining new and inventive ways for sewage management
and other environmental entities.
Major specialties:
• Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems

• Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments
from fire and smoke
• Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human
communities
• Wastewater engineering, Wastewater engineering is a type of engineering that comes from civil
engineering and environmental engineering. A wastewater engineer determines the best way to
transport or collect rainwater for human populations. Wastewater engineering also deals with the
transportation and cleaning of blackwater, greywater, and irrigation water. Wastewater treatment
and water reclamation are areas of concern in this field. Wastewater engineers map out
topographical and geographical features of Earth to determine the best means of collection. They
use sonar scanning in wells to determine volumes of water that can be used for human
consumption. Using these types of data they are able to provide a means of collecting water. After
collecting the water, it is their job to transport it to where it can be made available for use.
• Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and
waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics,
etc.
Transportation Engineering
Civil engineers that specialize in transportation

engineering will work with the planning, construction and
management of transportation facilities. They will design
and implement the infrastructures that deal with
transportation in order to provide a safe, comfortable,
convenient, economical and environmentally compatible
mode of transport. There are six divisions related to
transportation engineering: highway, air transportation,
waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and urban
transportation.
Major specialties:
• Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure

necessary for transportation
• Highway engineering, a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation
systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design
of highways
• Railway systems engineering
Water Resource Engineering
These engineers deal with the design and construction of hydraulic structures. These structures
include dams, canals and water distribution system. The engineer is responsible for the design of
the structure as well as the implementation and safety precautions that must be closely adhered to
when dealing with hydraulic structures.
Major specialties:
• Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water;
intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including
bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.
• River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or
flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water
resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.
• Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within
the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.
• Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of groundwater
source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging
reservoirs and irrigation.
Earthquake Engineering
Earthquake engineers study the seismic forces and earthquake resistant structures. In regions that
are known for seismic activities, engineers must design and construct structures based on how well
they will react within an earthquake situation.
Material Engineering
This branch of civil engineering deals with the study of material strength, properties of materials
used in construction and ceramics. These engineers will determine the best possible materials to
be used for a project based on that project’s specifications.
Construction Engineering
This civil engineering branch deals with the planning, construction and maintenance of structures.
Construction engineering is the planning and execution of designs from site development,
environmental, structural, transportation and structural engineers. They must ensure that the plans
that have been designed by other engineers are implemented to their exact specifications.
Construction engineers will supervise field work during the entire project. They are in a sense a
cross between an engineer and manager as they will oversee the project from start to finish and
handle any problems that come up throughout the duration of the project.
Surveying
This type of civil engineering branch handles the surveying and leveling of land by using different
instruments to map and contour the terrain. This is done to locate and measure property lines, lay
out buildings, bridges, channels, highways, and pipelines for constructions. Surveyors are generally
classified into two categories: plane surveying and geodetic surveying.
Municipal Engineering
These engineers will work with urban or city governments on the planning and management of the
township. Most of these engineers work directly with government officials to ensure that the
structures within the municipality are properly designed and implemented.
Coastal Engineering
This branch of civil engineering deals with coastal and marine structures. These structures include
groynes and embankments. These engineers not only ensure that the structures being erected
correctly but they are also concerned with not disturbing the coastal regions.
Tunnel Engineering
Civil engineers who specialize in tunnel engineering are responsible for the planning, designing,
construction, safety and maintenance of tunnels. There are specifications that must be adhered to
when working with tunnels for roadways, waterways or trains.

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Activity.

Civil Engineering Branches

This branch of civil engineering encompasses

• Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading

• Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems

Civil engineers that specialize in transportation

• Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure

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