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    "Operations On Signals": Guided By: Prof. Hardik Patel

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    Hamid Awan
    This document discusses various operations that can be performed on signals. It describes operations like time shifting, time scaling, time inversion, amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, and multiplication of signals. It also discusses operations for discrete time functions like time shifting and scaling. The document was prepared by 4 students and guided by Prof. Hardik Patel to introduce various operations that can be carried out on continuous and discrete time signals.

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    "Operations On Signals": Guided By: Prof. Hardik Patel

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    Hamid Awan
    43 views18 pages
    This document discusses various operations that can be performed on signals. It describes operations like time shifting, time scaling, time inversion, amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, and multiplication of signals. It also discusses operations for discrete time functions like time shifting and scaling. The document was prepared by 4 students and guided by Prof. Hardik Patel to introduce various operations that can be carried out on continuous and discrete time signals.

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    This document discusses various operations that can be performed on signals. It describes operations like time shifting, time scaling, time inversion, amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, and multiplication of signals. It also discusses operations for discrete time functions like time shifting and scaling. The document was prepared by 4 students and guided by Prof. Hardik Patel to introduce various operations that can be carried out on continuous and discrete time signals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views18 pages

    "Operations On Signals": Guided By: Prof. Hardik Patel

    Uploaded by

    Hamid Awan
    This document discusses various operations that can be performed on signals. It describes operations like time shifting, time scaling, time inversion, amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, and multiplication of signals. It also discusses operations for discrete time functions like time shifting and scaling. The document was prepared by 4 students and guided by Prof. Hardik Patel to introduce various operations that can be carried out on continuous and discrete time signals.

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    “OPERATIONS ON SIGNALS”

     PREPARED BY :

    DISHANT PATEL 140123109009


    VISHAL GOHEL 140123109003
    JAY PANCHAL 140123109007
    MANTHAN PANCHAL 140123109008

     GUIDED BY : PROF. HARDIK PATEL


    Introduction to Signals
    • A Signal is the function of one or more
    independent variables that carries some
    information to represent a physical phenomenon.
    • A continuous-time signal, also called an analog
    signal, is defined along a continuum of time.
    Operations of Signals
    • Sometime a given mathematical function may
    completely describe a signal .
    • Different operations are required for different
    purposes of arbitrary signals.
    • The operations on signals can be
    Time Shifting
    Time Scaling
    Time Inversion or Time Folding
    Time Shifting
    x(t ± t0) is time shifted version of the signal x(t).
    x (t + t0) → negative shift
    x (t - t0) → positive shift
    • X(t)X(t+to) Signal Advanced Shift to
    the left
    Time Scaling
    x(At) is time scaled version of the signal x(t). where A is
    always positive.
    |A| > 1 → Compression of the signal
    |A| < 1 → Expansion of the signal

    Note: u(at) = u(t) time scaling is not applicable for unit


    step function.
    Time scaling Contd.

    Example: Given x(t) and we are to find y(t) = x(2t).

    The period of x(t) is 2 and the period of y(t) is 1,


    • Given y(t),
    find w(t) = y(3t)
    and v(t) = y(t/3).
    Time Reversal Or Time Folding
    • Time reversal is also called time folding
    • In Time reversal signal is reversed with
    respect to time i.e.
    y(t) = x(-t) is obtained for the given
    function
    Amplitude Scaling

    C x(t) is a amplitude scaled version of x(t) whose


    amplitude is scaled by a factor C.
    Addition
    Addition of two signals is nothing but addition of their
    corresponding amplitudes. This can be best
    explained by using the following example:
    As seen from the diagram above,
    -10 < t < -3 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 + 2 = 2
    -3 < t < 3 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 1 + 2 = 3
    3 < t < 10 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 + 2 = 2
    Subtraction
    subtraction of two signals is nothing but subtraction of
    their corresponding amplitudes. This can be best
    explained by the following example:

    As seen from the diagram above,


    -10 < t < -3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) - x2(t) = 0 - 2 = -2
    -3 < t < 3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) - x2(t) = 1 - 2 = -1
    3 < t < 10 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 - 2 = -2
    Multiplication
    Here multiplication of amplitude of two or more signals at each instance
    of time or any other independent variables is done which are common
    between the signals.

    Multiplication of signals is illustrated in the diagram below, where X1(t)


    and X2(t) are two time dependent signals, on whom after performing the
    multiplication operation we get,
    Y(t) = X1(t) X2(t)
    Operations of Discrete Time
    Functions
    Time shifting n → n + n0 , n0 an integer
    Operations of Discrete Functions
    Scaling; Signal Compression
    n → Kn K an integer > 1
    References
    Signal and Systems by J. S. Katre

    http://electrical4u.com/basic-signal-operations/

    http://www.tutorialspoint.com/signals_and_systems/sign
    als_basic_operations.htm

    http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-
    computer-science/6-01sc-introduction-to-electrical-
    engineering-and-computer-science-i-spring-2011/unit-2-
    signals-and-systems/designing-control-
    systems/MIT6_01SCS11_chap05.pdf

    http://in.mathworks.com/
    THANK YOU

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