Lecture-I. Introduction - Livestock Breeding System

Livestock Breeding System
Lecture I. – Introduction Livestock

Breeding system
Livestock
• Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an
agricultural system to produce commodities such as
food(Meat, milk, egg), fiber and labor
• Livestock are generally raised for profit. Raising animals
(animal husbandry) is a component of modern agriculture
• Livestock commonly includes all domesticated animals
both
• ruminants- Cattle, buffalo ,Sheep and goat including
horse, ass and camels and
• none ruminants like pig, poultry, duck, quail, turkey
and ostrich in general but
• specifically it include ruminants like cattle, buffalo,
sheep and goat including horse, ass and camels.
Breed
A breed is a group of domestic animals with a
homogeneous appearance, behavior, and
other characteristics that distinguish it from
other animals within a species.
Livestock Breeding
• Production of better offspring by mating and is the
improvement or development of breeds of livestock, as by
selective mating and hybridization.
• Livestock breeding includes
• Ruminant
• cattle breeding (dairy husbandry, dairy and beef cattle
husbandry, and beef cattle husbandry), breeding, Sheep
breeding goat breeding, Buffalo breeding, Horse, Ass,
Donkey and mule breeding camel breeding, Rabbit
breeding and dog breeding.
• Non ruminant
• Poultry, quail, turkey, ostrich, breeding, swine
breeding,
• fish breeding (carp, Pangasius, Trout, etc) apiculture,
• Wild animal Breeding: Deer, Tiger, Elephant,
Animal Breeding
• Animal breeding is a branch of animal science
that addresses the evaluation of the genetic
value of livestock and avian species.
• The scientific theory of animal breeding:
incorporates population genetics, quantitative
genetics, statistics, and recently molecular
genomics and is based on the pioneering work of
Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, and Charles Henderson.
• Selecting for breeding animals with superior EBV in
growth rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production, or
with other desirable traits has revolutionized
livestock production throughout the world.
What is a Breeding System?
• Breeding Systems are management
practices that are used by breeders to
ensure that certain traits are transmitted
from parents to offspring.
• Animal breeding is a segment of animal
science that addresses the evaluation of
the genetic value of domestic livestock to
produce better progenies
History of Breeding system
Domestication
Before domestication: Random mating with natural selection
After Domestication: Controlled mating with artificial selection
Mendel Discovery of genetic inheritance
Before Mendel discovery: phenotypic and qualitative without
genetic base focusing on group of animals which developed into
breeds of animals domesticated
After Mendel discovery: Quantitative and genetic base
breeding system with application of statistics, quantitative
genetics, cytogenetic, reproduction physiology, population
genetics, developed
2ist Century
Use of electronic computer system with specialized breeding
and genetic evaluation soft ware and selection at molecular
genetics and at genomic and gene level
Factors to Consider for selecting
breeding system
• Climate-Temperate, Sub-tropical, Tropical
• Type of Market-Local, regional, national, international
• Knowledge of Genetics: Progeny testing, performance
testing, Recurrent selection and reciprocal recurrent
selection
• Size of Operation: With the help of software large herd size
involvement in evaluation of breeding animals
• Available Resources: Geneticist, Breeders, Finance, Bigger
population herd size of breeding animals
• Goals of the Breeder: Specialized milk production dairy
animal, meat production with good FCR broiler, Low fat
producing lean pork production, Carpet type wool
production, Specialized egg production
Principles of Animal Breeding
(i) Selection and (ii) Mating system
• Genetic improvement of farm animals

–Involves selection (choosing the best to be
parents)
–Selection within breed
–Selection of breeds
–Involves mating systems (combining sires and
dams to maximize efficiency)
–Mates of different breeds
–Mates within breeds
Livestock Breeding Tools
Livestock breeders have two basic tools to work with.
The basic tools are selection and mating systems.
• Selection: In a large animal population e.g. herd or a flock,
the breeder often plan of how to get the best animal for
genetic improvement. This is called selection. Selection is
choosing the individuals that will have an opportunity to
reproduce and consequently pass their genes on to
future generations.
• Mating: Following selection, breeder must decide upon the
manner in which the selected individuals are to be mated.
The different pairing methods of the selected animals for
improved performance is called breeding systems or
mating systems.
Livestock Breed
• Breed refers to a group of animals within a
species which have certain characteristics in
common which render individual of that breed
recognizable as such.
• Most of these characteristics are physical ones
connected with coat colors and shape of the horn.
• Many breeds have arisen because physical
isolation has left some population separated and
hence selection has caused distinctions to appear.
• Other breeds have evolved by crossing among
older established breeds until a new type has
emerged.
Breeding system adopted by Animal Breeders
• Two basic types of seed stock produced

– purebred
– commercial
• Purebred - pure breeds for which ancestry
is recorded on a pedigree
• Commercial are usually crossbreds
COMMON BREEDING / MATING SYSTEM
The two most common breeding system used for all
species of livestock are:
I. Pure breeding:
Mating animals of the same breed , Variations-
purebred, inbreeding, out crossing, line breeding
Purebred Breeding:
• An animal of a particular breed
• Both parents are purebred
• Characteristics of the breed
• Eligible for registry in breed association
• Homozygous Specialized business
II. Crossbreeding:
Mating animals of different breeds Variations-two-breed cross,
three-breed cross, rotation cross breeding,

Lecture-I. Introduction - Livestock Breeding System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture-I. Introduction - Livestock Breeding System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture-I. Introduction - Livestock Breeding System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Livestock Breeding System

Lecture I. – Introduction Livestock

• Genetic improvement of farm animals

• Two basic types of seed stock produced

• Homozygous Specialized business

You might also like