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    Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

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    Jam Aica
    Elements, compounds, and mixtures can be distinguished based on their chemical composition and whether their components can be separated through physical or chemical changes. A physical change alters the form of matter but not its chemical identity, while a chemical change transforms one or more kinds of matter into new substances. A substance is a pure chemical that cannot be separated into other substances through physical means alone, whereas mixtures contain two or more substances that can be separated using physical processes like distillation.

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    Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Jam Aica
    53 views2 pages
    Elements, compounds, and mixtures can be distinguished based on their chemical composition and whether their components can be separated through physical or chemical changes. A physical change alters the form of matter but not its chemical identity, while a chemical change transforms one or more kinds of matter into new substances. A substance is a pure chemical that cannot be separated into other substances through physical means alone, whereas mixtures contain two or more substances that can be separated using physical processes like distillation.

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    Elements, compounds, and mixtures can be distinguished based on their chemical composition and whether their components can be separated through physical or chemical changes. A physical change alters the form of matter but not its chemical identity, while a chemical change transforms one or more kinds of matter into new substances. A substance is a pure chemical that cannot be separated into other substances through physical means alone, whereas mixtures contain two or more substances that can be separated using physical processes like distillation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    53 views2 pages

    Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Jam Aica
    Elements, compounds, and mixtures can be distinguished based on their chemical composition and whether their components can be separated through physical or chemical changes. A physical change alters the form of matter but not its chemical identity, while a chemical change transforms one or more kinds of matter into new substances. A substance is a pure chemical that cannot be separated into other substances through physical means alone, whereas mixtures contain two or more substances that can be separated using physical processes like distillation.

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    Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

     To understand how matter is classified by its chemical composition, we must first distinguish between physical
    and chemical changes and between physical and chemical properties. A physical change is a change in the form
    of matter but not in its chemical identity. Changes of physical state are examples of physical changes. The process
    of dissolving one material in another is a further example of a physical change. For instance, you can dissolve
    sodium chloride (table salt) in water. The result is a clear liquid, like pure water, though many of its other
    characteristics are different from those of pure water. The water and sodium chloride in this liquid retain their
    chemical identities and can be separated by some method that depends on physical changes.

     Distillation is one way to separate the


    sodium chloride and water components of this liquid. You place the liquid in a flask to which a device called a
    condenser is attached. The liquid in the flask is heated to bring it to a boil. (Boiling entails the formation of
    bubbles of the vapor in the body of the liquid.) Water vapor forms and passes from the flask into the cooled
    condenser, where the vapor changes back to liquid water. The liquid water is collected in another flask, called a
    receiver. The original flask now contains the solid sodium chloride. Thus, by means of physical changes (the
    change of liquid water to vapor and back to liquid), you have separated the sodium chloride and water that you
    had earlier mixed together.

     A chemical
    change, or chemical reaction, is a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind
    of matter or several new kinds of matter. The rusting of iron, during which iron combines with oxygen in the air
    to form a new material called rust, is a chemical change. The original materials (iron and oxygen) combine
    chemically and cannot be separated by any physical means. To recover the iron and oxygen from rust requires a
    chemical change or a series of chemical changes. We characterize or identify a material by its various properties,
    which may be either physical or chemical. A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed for a
    material without changing its chemical identity. Examples are physical state (solid, liquid, or gas), melting point,
    and color. A chemical property is a characteristic of a material involving its chemical change. A chemical
    property of iron is its ability to react with oxygen to produce rust.

     Substances: The various materials we see around us are either substances or mixtures of substances. A substance
    is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process. Earlier you saw
    that when sodium chloride is dissolved in water, it is possible to separate the sodium chloride from the water by
    the physical process of distillation. However, sodium chloride is itself a substance and cannot be separated by
    physical processes into new materials. Similarly, pure water is a substance

     No matter what its source, a substance always has the same characteristic properties. Sodium is a solid metal
    having a melting point of 988 deg C. The metal also reacts vigorously with water. No matter how sodium is
    prepared, it always has these properties. Similarly, whether sodium chloride is obtained by burning sodium in
    chlorine or from seawater, it is a white solid melting at 801 deg C.

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