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    CN Assignment

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    Alan G.Thomas
    The document discusses the hidden and exposed station problems that can occur in wireless LANs. [1] The hidden station problem occurs when two stations that are out of range of each other transmit simultaneously to a common station, resulting in a collision. [2] The exposed station problem arises when a transmitting station is prevented from sending frames due to interference from another transmission, even though the transmissions would not interfere. [3] Solutions to these problems include using a greater channel sensing range than receiving range, MACA protocols, and the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS protocol.

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    CN Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Alan G.Thomas
    16 views4 pages
    The document discusses the hidden and exposed station problems that can occur in wireless LANs. [1] The hidden station problem occurs when two stations that are out of range of each other transmit simultaneously to a common station, resulting in a collision. [2] The exposed station problem arises when a transmitting station is prevented from sending frames due to interference from another transmission, even though the transmissions would not interfere. [3] Solutions to these problems include using a greater channel sensing range than receiving range, MACA protocols, and the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS protocol.

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    The document discusses the hidden and exposed station problems that can occur in wireless LANs. [1] The hidden station problem occurs when two stations that are out of range of each other transmit simultaneously to a common station, resulting in a collision. [2] The exposed station problem arises when a transmitting station is prevented from sending frames due to interference from another transmission, even though the transmissions would not interfere. [3] Solutions to these problems include using a greater channel sensing range than receiving range, MACA protocols, and the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS protocol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views4 pages

    CN Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Alan G.Thomas
    The document discusses the hidden and exposed station problems that can occur in wireless LANs. [1] The hidden station problem occurs when two stations that are out of range of each other transmit simultaneously to a common station, resulting in a collision. [2] The exposed station problem arises when a transmitting station is prevented from sending frames due to interference from another transmission, even though the transmissions would not interfere. [3] Solutions to these problems include using a greater channel sensing range than receiving range, MACA protocols, and the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS protocol.

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    HIDDEN AND

    EXPOSED STATION
    PROBLEMS IN WLAN

    Submitted By,
    Alan G Thomas
    Roll No:04
    CS6B
    The main difference between Wired LAN and
    Wireless LAN is that we cannot assume a fully
    connected topology between Wireless LAN nodes.
    This gives rise to the Hidden and Exposed Station
    Problem.

    Hidden Station Problem

    The Hidden Station Problem is a resultant of


    when two or more stations that are out of range
    of one another transmits simultaneously to a
    common recipient station. This problem occurs
    when a station is visible from one station, but is
    hidden from other stations that communicates
    with the common station.

    Exposed Station Problem

    The Exposed Station Problem arises when a


    transmitting station is prevented from sending
    frames due to interference with another
    transmitting station. This happens when a station
    is not visible to all other stations.
    Illustration of Hidden and Exposed Station
    Problem

    Consider the above depiction of 3 nodes A,B,C

    Hidden Terminal Problem:

    From the depiction, it is clear that transmission


    range of A reaches B, but not C and transmission
    range of C reaches B, but not A. Also, transmission
    range of B reaches both A as well as C. Now, let’s
    assume node A starts to send something to B , C
    doesn’t receive this transmission. Now, C also
    wants to send data to B and senses the carrier. It
    senses it to be free as C cannot reach A, it also
    starts sending to B. This simultaneous transmission
    results in collision and ultimately loss of data send
    by both A and C.

    Solution:
    One solution to avoid this is to have the channel
    sensing range much greater than the receiving
    range. Another solution is to use the Multiple
    Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA).

    Exposed Terminal Problem:

    Let’s assume that node B is currently sending data


    to node A and node C that is free currently needs
    to send data to another node D outside the range
    of both A and B. Node C senses the carrier to find
    that it is currently being used by B to send data
    and hence waits until the carrier becomes idle.
    Such a wait is not needed as Node A is not
    accessible by Node C, thereby wasting time.

    Solution:

    The exposed terminal problem is solved by the


    MAC (medium access control) layer protocol IEEE
    802.11 RTS/CTS, with the condition that the
    stations are synchronized and frame sizes and data
    speed are the same. RTS stands for Request to
    Send and CTS stands for Clear to Send.

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