Criminology 5

Juvenile Delinquency
and Juvenile Justice
System
First Semester 2020-2021
 Target Time Frame: 2 Weeks
Duration (August 24-September 7)
Approach: Distance Learning
Platform Sites: Gmail, Google
Classroom, Google Meet
Alternative Access Strategy:
Offline Learners – worksheets,
power point presentation, videos
saved in USB.
 Allotted Time Lesson
Schedule for each Module

Session Topic Time

2 Introduction to Juvenile 30 mins.

3 Lesson 1 1 Hour
- Definition of terms
- Historical Background
- Nature, types and causation
of delinquency
- Models of Family Life
- Effects of Family to Juvenile
Delinquency
Learning Outcome / Objective

At the end of this module, students

Definition of Terms
1. Juvenile- a person who is not yet fully developed; not yet an adult; have characteristic of a
youth or child immature.
2. Youth- the condition or quality of being young; an early period of development or existence;
the time of life between childhood and maturity.
3. Delinquency- any act; course or conduct, or situation which might be brought before the
court and adjudicated whether in fact it comes to be treated there or by some other
resources or indeed remains untreated.
4. Juvenile delinquency- it is used to described a large number of disapproved behavior of
children and youths.
-an act committed by minor that violates the penal code of the government with authority
over the area in which the act occurred
5. Youthful offender- it refers to a youth who is found guilty by the court for the commission of
an offense after a 9th but before 18th birthday.
6. Neglect- disregarding the physical, emotional and moral needs of children or adolescents.
7. Parental Authority- it includes the rearing and caring of children for civic consciousness and
efficiency and the development of their moral, mental and physical character and well-
being.
History Background
I. Hammurabi Code- the oldest known code 400 years ago dating from 2270 B. C. that takes
account of many misconduct acts, some pertains to youth.
 The law regulates business transactions, personal relationship and
responsibilities.
 In the period of the code, the husband was the one in charge with many
responsibilities to his wife and to their children. In other words, he is
patriarchal head of the family. In the patriarchal society, rebellion against
the father even by adult son is not tolerated, the punishment was severe.
 In the period of the code, it states that “if the son strikes his father, one shall out
only physically mutilation but death for many offenses such as drowning in the
river.
 Gradually the law was ameliorated, and among the Hebrews punishment with
death was replaced by warning and flogging.
II. King Aethelstan of England- proclaim that any thief over 12 years of age received the
punishment of death if he stole more than 12 pence. However, the severity of such
 punishment was eventually provide that “no one under 16 years could be put to death
unless he resisted or ran way.
III. Pope Clemente XI- in 1704 in Rome, establish a center for the correction of profligate
youths, so they could be taught to become useful citizen.
IV. Marine Society of England- in 1756, establish a special institution for the reformation of
juvenile offenders.
V. House of Refuge- in 1825, establish for juveniles which was the predecessor of the
American Reformation School. The Development of this movement had coincident with the
humanitarian outlook of the western world at that time, and it emphasized that juvenile
should bereformed instead of punishment
VI. Anglo Saxon Law- it practiced to accept that proposition that children under certain age,
usually seven years were incapable of distinguishing whether their actions were right or
wrong.
NATURE OF DELINQUENCY
a. Incidence of delinquency accelerates at the age 13 and peaks at about 17.
b. The prevalence (how widespread youth crime is in society) of different kinds of offending at
each age but also about the percentage of persons initiating and terminating. Termination at
about 18 to 19.
c. The gap between male and female involvements in status non-victimizing offenses are
smaller than of the serious types
d. A larger proportion of boys than girl reports having broken the law and that boys break it
more frequently.
e. As of the value of goods stolen increases, so does the sex ration showing male involvement.
CATEGORIES OF STATUS OFFENCES
1) School Truancy- a pattern ort repeated or habitual unauthorized absences from school by
any juvenile subject to compulsory education laws.
2) Repeated disregarding or misuses of lawful parental authority- repeated disobedient
behavior on the apart of the juvenile or a pattern of repeated unreasonable demands on the
part of the parents create a situation of family conflict clearly evidencing a need of services.
3) Repeated running away from home- running away is juvenile unauthorized absences from
home.
4) Repeated use of intoxicating beverages- repeated possession and or consumption of
intoxicating beverages by a juvenile.
5) Delinquent acts committed by a juvenile younger than 9 years of age.
Types of Delinquents
1. Occasional Delinquents- these delinquents participated in a group
 a. Reiss- found out that these delinquents are relatively integrated.
b. John W. Kinch- described these delinquents as “pro-social”
c. Wattenberg and Ballistries- in a Detroit study of juveniles, found that these
delinquents usually comes from intact family and has strong peer group ties
with a gang dedicated of having fun.
d. Cloward and Ohlin- explained that occasional delinquents as a result of
racketeering or organized gambling that flourish into the existing adult
criminal culture.
*sub culture- a group of people who shares a number of values and
attitudes in common.
e. William F. Whyte- described these delinquents as non-delinquents but are
influenced by the society they live in.
2. Gang Delinquents- generally commits the most serious infractions, is most often sent to
correctional institutions, and most often continuous in a pattern of semi-professional
criminal behavior as an adult.
Reiss described these delinquents as one with weak ego. They are loyal gang
members from poor residential areas; their families are often large, broken and contain other
delinquent members ; they do poorly in school; they have a high rate of recidivism .
They are the “defective superego” who does not internalize the norms of
conventional society and experience a little of guilt over his delinquents; rather he accepts the
content of and membership of a delinquent peer’s culture.
3. Maladjusted Delinquents- the activity stems from personality disturbances rather than the
gang activity or slum residence.
 They are week ego, the “asocial” experienced early and severe parental
rejection.
 They have poor personal relations and suffer general social isolation. They
are disorderly, confused and not dependable with pathological disturbances.
 Jenkisn and Hewitth labeled this group as “neurotics” and found parental
repression and lack of warmth affection in the background of boys in the
group.
Causation of Juvenile Delinquency
1. Family and Delinquency
A. Child’s birth order in the family- birth order affects the delinquent behavior with
delinquency more likely among middle children than first or last children.
- The first child receives individual attention and affection of parents, while
the last child benefits from the parents experience of raising child, as well
from presence of siblings, who serves as models.
 - In some cases, the delinquent child is the first or last.
B. Family size- parents in larger families tend to have more difficulty disciplining and
supervising their children than do parents with smaller families.
- Some parents delegate child rearing to older siblings who may not be
equipped to execute the tasked.
- Large families are exposed to illegitimacy, poverty and overcrowding.
C. Quality of Home life- poor family home life, measured by marital adjustment and
harmony within the home, affects the rate of delinquent behavior among children
more than whether or not the family is intact.
- Happiness of marriage and good marital relationships and strong family
cohesiveness in homes is key whetehre or nit the children become delinquent.
Models of Family Life
1) The corporate model- the father is the chief executive officer. The mother, the operating
officer, implements the father’s policy and managing staff (children) who in turn have
privileges and responsibilities based on their seniority.
2) The team model- the father is the head, the mother is the chief of the training table and head
cheerleader. The children, suffering frequent performance anxiety, play the rules and stay in
shape with conformity calisthenics. In the team family, competition is the name of the game
winning is everything.
3) The military model- the father is the general. The mother is the guard duty with a special
assignment to the nurse crops when needed. The kinds of the grunts, unruly children are
sent to the stockade, insubordinate wives risk dishonorable discharge. Punishment is swift
and sadism is called character building.
4) The boarding school Model- the father is the rector or headmaster, is in charge of training
school minds and bodies, the mother, the dorm counselor oversees the realm emotion,
illness, good works and bedwetting. The children are dutiful students. The parents have
nothing left to learn, there’s to teach and test.
5) The theoretical model- the father is the producer, plays the role of the father. The mother
manager, doubles in part of mother children, the stagehands, also acts the roles of girls and
boys. No writers is necessary because the lines are scripted, the role are sex stereotypes, the
plot predictable.
FAMILY REJECTION- studies found a significant relationship between parental rejection and
delinquent behavior.
DISCIPLINE IN THE HOME- inadequate supervision and discipline in the home have been
commonly cited to explain delinquent behavior.
The type of discipline employed in the home affect delinquent behavior, for both stripy and
punitive; lax and erratic discipline; unfair discipline.
BROKEN HOME- this does not only refers to the separation of parents leaving their children behind,
but includes the presence of both parents but who are irresponsible that children experience
constant quarrel in the home.
 Teenage pregnancy is strongly associated with a variety of compounding problems for the
girl. Teen mothers are more likely to leave high school prior to graduation; more likely to be
unwed and to remind unmarried, and more likely to experience negative healthy conditions
in both mother and the child.
 Children born to single mothers are likely to be raised in economically overburdened
households and to receive less adequate pre-natal and post-natal care. The teenage mother
has to leave schools and to forego further job training and other opportunities for economic
adjustment.
MAJOR EFFECTS OF SEPARATION OF PARENTS
1. Single mothers face the problem of task overload.
2. Single mothers usually find themselves to financial starts; female-headed household earn
less than half of the income of male-headed families
3. Social isolation is common, with the mother having fewer people to provide social and
emotional support.
PARENTING SKILLS
1. Notice what the child is doing.
2. Monitor it over long periods.
 Effective monitoring requires establishing a set of rules and clearly communicating
them to the child place off limits; curfew hours; when the child should be home from
school.
 Parents need to be aware of the child’s performance in school as well as school
attendance, the possibility of drugs or alcohol use and the activities that the child is
involved with friends.
 Good supervision fasters appropriate parental reaction to antisocial and delinquent
behaviors and indirectly minimize the adolescents contact with delinquency-
prompting circumstances.
3. Model skill behavior
4. Clearly state house rules
5. Consistency provides same punishment for transgression
6. Provide reinforcement for conformity
7. Negotiate disagreement so that conflicts and crises do not escalate
-The assumption is the unsupervised children are more likely be raise/ become
delinquents
PARENTAL ATTACHMENT- parental love may reduce delinquency because it is something children
do not want to lose. Children who like their parents very much will respect their parents’ wishes,
and stay out of trouble.
PHYSICAL ABUSE AND NEGLECT- neglect is failure to act and abuse is to act excessively.
ELLIOT CURRIE- states that BAD families are BROKEN and made violent by economic
circumstances and inequality. Members are deprived opportunities to develop respectable
livelihoods.
-suggest that the origin of such adolescent violence is found in joblessness and economic
deprivations that are fact of life in the underclass.
SAMSON- suggest that the origin of such adolescent violence is found in joblessness and economic
deprivations that are fact of life in the underclass.
 Social disorganization- breakdown of social control among the traditional primary
groups, such as the family and neighborhood.
-Rapid industrialization, urbanization and immigration process contributed
organization of the community.
 Poverty- study shows that the most delinquents come from families below the
poverty line a child from poor family have many frustrations which pushes him to
become delinquents to satisfy his desire that he craves in which others posses
 Influence of media- our moral values had gone down to very low level brought about
by the proliferation of BOLD films and violence exhibited in all parts of the
community.
The presentation of television shows and movie picture spiced with tight
hugging; torrid kissing; and other pornographic scenes could be attributed
to the penchant for foreign movies.
 Quiz #1

Objective: the examinee to identify specific areas and subjects which necessitates
supplementary and trough study.
Instruction: This an object type of examination wherein you are required to supply the
answer to the identification questions.

Essay
1. Family is one of the causation of Juvenile delinquency. Why?

2. Why poverty influences the delinquent people?

3. When do you think the adolescent’s start?

4-5. give the similarities and the differences between Juvenile and Youth

Juvenile Youth
Identification
___________________________1. It is an act committed by minor that violates the penal code of the
government with authority over the area in which the act occurred.
___________________________ 2. At this age, a person can received the punishment of death if he stole
more than 12 pence.
___________________________ 3. This includes the presence of both parents but who are irresponsible that
children experience constant quarrel in the home.
___________________________ 4. It is most often sent to correctional institutions, and most often
continuous in a pattern of semi-professional criminal behavior as an adult.
___________________________ 5. He suggest that the origin of such adolescent violence is found in
joblessness and economic deprivations that are fact of life in the underclass.